ST9802-SP 981021, ,
WRIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY
DATE: OCTOBER 16, 1998
PROJECT TITLE: DRAINAGE AND PAVING IMPROVEMENTS
SOUTHWESTERN DRIVE, FREEPORT PARKWAY,
AND FROM FRITZ ROAD TO GRAPEVINE. CREEK
CONTRACT IDENTIFICATION:
CONTRACTOR:
SUPPLIER:
SITE UTILITIES
WRIGHT CONSTRUCTION CO. INC.
HYDRO CONDUIT
MANUFACTURER:
PRODUCT:
(SIGNATUHF-
A DULY AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF
_Q AT 4 I-V Co N S1 -- C 0 -, .=N C. !CONTRACTOR'
DO HEREBY CERTIFY THAT CONTRACTOR HAS FIELD VERIFIFr
DIMENSIONAL ACCURACIES RELATED TO THIS SUBMITT,'.
AND FURTHER CERTIFY THAT CONTRACTOR HAS MADE A
PROPER EFFORT TO ASSURE THAT THERE ARE NO EXCEF•-
TIONS TO THE CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS (UNLESS SFECIFI•
CALLY IDENTIFIED IN ATTACHED LETTER DATED
SUBMITTAL DATE 10 " / (9 f 8
HYDRO CONDUIT
CLASS III RCP PIPE C - 76
Ilya
MO) SIODUSKI
CITY OF COPPELL
VPROW" FOR f FI TRAL (:ONFOR-
1�lir;^!3:: 1'0 ft-9F ('ITY OF COPPEiLL
Y gi!' l!Vt 1
THE
U f i�l AIV � L.
DATE
Wright C onstructio n Co., Inc.
601 W. Wall 4 Grapevine, TX 76051 • Metro (817) 481 -2594
Tongue & Groove Joint
12" -120" Diameter Pipe
SECTION THRU JOINT
Table of Approximate
Dimensions and Weigbts
Pipe
Diae
mter
Wall
Thickness
A
B
C
D
Weight
(LbsIN)
Length
(FL)
Prod.
Code
12
2
13'h
MG
'3tr
16
92
4.6
300
15
2'h
17'/4
136
7 h
1914
127
4 6
300
18
2'h
20'/4
1%
1'h
23
168
4 6,8
300
21
236
2336
1
1%
26'h
214
4.6,8
300
24
3
26%
2
1 1'h
30
1 265
4,6.8
1 300
27
3'h
30'h
234
1 1%
3314
1 322
4.6.8
300
30
3'h
33%
246
I%r
37
384
4
300
33
4'h
37%
2'h
1%
42
451
4 6 8
300
36
4
39
39ir
1'h
44
524
4.6.8
300
39
4V4
43%
3
2
47%
602
4,6,8
500
42
4%
4644
3'/4
2'h6
51
•685
4 6 8
500
45
434
49:Y4
3346
2'h
501
773
4
500
48
5
53
3
236
58
1 867
4.6.8
1 500
51
5'/4
57V4
4'/4
2'h
6114
986
4.6,8
500
54
5'h
601S6
4'h
214
65
1071
4.6.8
500
60
6
1 6634
416
236
72
1296
4
500
66
614
73%
4
Vi
79
1542
416.8
500
72
7
80
5%
Vs
86
1810
4 6 8
500
78
Ph
8636
5'h
3'h
93
2098
4.6.8
500
84
8
9236
4
TMG
100
1 2409
4,6.8
1 500
90
M
98'h
5%
4
107
2740
4,6,8
1 500
96
9
10436
6'h
3
114
3093
4,6,8
500
102
10'h
110
5%
4
122'h
3466
416.8
500
108
1 O
129�h
3862
4 6 8
500
114
11 V4
136'h
4278
4 6
500
120
1134
130
6'/4
5
143%
4716
4
500
OE^
All dimensions are inches unless otherwise noted.
NOTES:
1. Produced to A.STM.
Specification C -76.
2. This drawing is not intended
to show reinforcement design —
either as to placement or steel
area. Actual project specification
or A.S.T.M. C -76 will govern.
3. Consult Hydro Conduit Corp.
for further details not listed
on this drawing.
DALLAS /FT. WORTH
3 /4 Miles NE from Intersection
ofSH114 &135W
P.O. Box 1230
Roanoke, Texas 76262
(817) 491 -4321
CR 120
11
Issued 1/89
PIPE I.D. A D
190 Designation: C 76 - 94
Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe'
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 76; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the can of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Define. Consult the DoD Index of Specification and
Standards for the speck year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Define.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe
intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial
wastes, and storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C 76
has been developed---C 76M; therefore, no metric equiva-
lents are presented in this specification.
NOTE I —This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifi-
cation only, and does not include requirements for bedding. backfiill, or
the relationship between field load condition and the strength classifica-
tion of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful
performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the
class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill. and are that installation
conforms to the construction specifications. The owner of the reinforced
concrete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he must correlate the
field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide inspection
at the construction site.
NoTs 2— Attention is called to the specification for reinforced
concrete D4oad culvert, storm drain, and sewer pipe (Specification
C 655).
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 82 Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement
A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain,
for Concrete Reinforcement
A 496 Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Con-
crete Reinforcement
A 497 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, De-
formed, for Concrete Reinforcement
A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain
Billet -Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
C 14 Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and
Culvert Pipe
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates'
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens'
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement'
C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane - Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete`
This spceification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C•13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi tee C13.02 on
Reinforced Sewer and Culvert Pipe,
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
published as C 76 - 30 T. tart previous edition C 76 - 90.
1 Annual Book of ASTU Standards, Vol 01.04.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 04.05.
• Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 04.02.
r Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol 04.01.
C 497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,
or Tile'
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements'
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Portland Cement Concrete'
C 655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D -Load Cul-
vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe'
C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products'
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions —For definitions of terms relating to con-
crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured in accordance with this specifica-
tion shall be of five classes identified as Class I, Class II, Class
III, Class IV, and Class V. The corresponding strength
requirements are prescribed in Tables I to 5.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 Unless otherwise designated by the owner at the time
of, or before placing an order, two separate and alternative
bases of acceptance are permitted as follows:
5.1.1 Acceptance on the Basis of Plant Load - Bearing Tests,
Material Tests, and Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for
Visual Defects and Imperfections— Acceptability of the pipe
in all diameters and classes produced in accordance with 7.1
or 7.2 shall be determined by the results of the three -edge
bearing tests for either the load to produce a 0.01 -in. crack,
or at the option of the owner, the load to produce a 0.01 -in.
crack and the ultimate strength of the pipe; by such material
tests as are required in 6.1, 6.2, and 6.4; by absorption tests
on selected samples of concrete from the wall of the pipe;
and by visual inspection of the finished pipe to determine its
conformance with the accepted design and its freedom from
defects.
5.1.2 Acceptance on the Basis of Material Tests and
Inspection of Manufactured Pipe for Defects and Imperfec-
tions— Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classes
produced in accordance with 7.1 or 7.2 shall be determined
by the results of such material tests as are required in 6.1, 6.2,
and 6.4; by crushing tests on concrete cores or cured concrete
cylinders; by absorption tests on selected samples from the
wall of the pipe; and by inspection of the finished pipe
including amount and placement of reinforcement to deter-
mine its conformance with the accepted design and its
freedom from defects.
qb C76
TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Class I Reinforced Concrete Pipe"
NoTa See Section 5 for baste of acceptance specified by the owner.
The strargth test requirements In pounds4orce per Knew foot of pipe under the three-edgebeerN method steel be slow the D load (test load expressed In
pourKWores per linear foot per foot of dternater) to produce a 0.014n. crack. or the Noads to produce the 0.014n. asc k and the ultimate load as specified below.
multiplied by an internal d wriater of die pipe in feet.
Nosd to poduca a 0.014n, crack 1100
04osd to produce the ultI note load° 1200
concrete Strength. 5000 psi
Reinforcement, In. h of pipe wall
0.25
9 0.54 0.32 Inner Circular
0.22
Plus Elliptical
0.38
Wall A
0.32
108 9 0.68 0.41 Inner circular
027
Wall 8
024
Internal
0.41
Plus Elliptical
Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
concrete Strength. 4 p si
DMIgnated
ter,
In.
WaA
Thick
CIrcalar
Rehfcrcarttenta
Elliptical
Wall
Thic kness,
Quiar
ReinforcenenN
Elliptical
n033.
ns,
Inner
Outer
Reinforcernentc
Inner
Outer
Reinforcernent°
In.
Cage
Cap --
Cage
Cage
60
5
0.25
0.15
028
6
0.21
0,13
0.23
66
5
0.30
0.18
0.33
6
0.25
0.15
0.28
72
6
0.35
0.21
0.39
7
029
0.17.
0.32
78
6%
0.40
024
0.44
7%
0.32
0.19
0.36
84
7
0.45
027
0.50
8
0.37
022
0.41
90
7
0.49
0.29
0.54
8
0.41
0.25
0.46
96
8
0.54
0.32
0.60
9
0.46
028
0.51
concrete Strength. 5000 psi
102 8 0.63 0.38 Inner circular
0.25
9 0.54 0.32 Inner Circular
0.22
Plus Elliptical
0.38
Plus Elliptical
0.32
108 9 0.68 0.41 Inner circular
027
10 0.61 0.37 Inner Circular
024
Pl EAlpticsl
0.41
Plus Elliptical
0.37
114 A ... ... ... ...
120 A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ...
126 ... ... ...
132 A ... ... .. " ... ... ... ...
13 8 A ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ...
144 A A /
A For modified or opKW designs ses 72 or with the penNssicn of the owner utilize the provisions of Specification C 855. Steel areas may be interpolated between
tiaae drown for variations In diameter. loading. or wall tttidatess. Pips over 96 in. in diameter stop have two circular cages or an Inner circular plus one elYptkal cage.
a As an alternative to designs requ ft both Inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned In MW of tins following manners:
An Inter circular ceps plus an elliptical cage Rich that fins arse of the elliptical cage shall rat be less titan that specified for the outer cage In the WA and the total area
of fine Inter circular cage plus tine sapdcal cage steal not be Was then that sped0ed for the Inner cage in the table.
M Inner and outer cap plus quadrant mats It accordance with Fig. 1, or
An Inner and outer cage plus an *Nptical cage in accordance with Fig. 2. rods. d operation.
• • TMss dg and beark� test to ultknate load Is not required for any cUs of pips 60-In. or foss It dlarnater provided all ott req entire
ukanents of this specification are met.
5.1.3 When agreed upon by the owner and manufacturer,
any portion or any combination of the tests itemized in 5. 1.1
or 5.1.2 may form the basis of acceptance.
5.2 Age for Acceptance -Pipe shall be considered ready for
acceptance when it conforms to the requirements as indi-
cated by the specified tests.
6. Materials
6.1 Reinforced Concrete -The reinforced concrete shall
consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and
water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner
that the steel and concrete act together.
6.2 Cementitious materials:
6.2.1 Cement - Cement shall conform to the requirements
for portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be
portland blast- furnace slag cement or pordand- pozzolan
cement conforming to the requirements of Specification
C 595; except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP
portland pozzolan cement shall be fly ash and shall not
exceed 25 % by weight.
6.2.2 Fly Ash -Fly ash shall conform to the requirements
of Class F or Class C of Specification C 618.
6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materi-
als -The combination of cementitious materials used in the
concrete shall be one of the following:
6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;
6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only, or
6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash
wherein the proportion of fly ash is between 5 and 25 % by
weight of total cementitious material ( portland cement plus
fly ash).
6.3 Aggregates - Aggregates shall conform to Specification
C 33 except that the requirement for gradation shall not
apply.
6.4 Admixtures and Blends - Admixtures and blends may
be used with the approval of the owner.
6.5 Steel Reinforcement - Reinforcement shall consist of
wire conforming to Specification A 82 or Specification A 496
or of wire fabric conforming to Specification A 185 or
Specification A 497 or of bars of Grade 40 steel conforming
to Specification A 615.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables -The diameter, wall thickness, com-
pressive strength of the concrete, and the area of the
doh C76
TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Class 11 ReInfogced Concrete Pipe"
NoTi[ -See Sealer 5 for be" of somptsrics spedlled by alts owner.
The strsrpth tat mqukettaenw In p=W*4m= per weer foot of pipe under the tt w4dge4wirp method shall be eltha the O400 (tat load expressed In
pounds4orce per 11rear toot per foot of darneter) to produce a 0.014n. asdk, or the 04oads
to produce ae 0.01 -h crack and the ultimata load
84 epeWled below,
mkatlplsd by ue humal danewr of ante plpe In feet.
D4oW to produce a 0.014n.
crack
1000
O4osd to produce the ultimate losdP
15 00
Reinforcement, In. ft of pipe well
Well A
Wall 8
Wall C
it""
Designated
Ca vets S1rengtk 4 00 0 psi
Concrete Strangth, 4000 psi
Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
Diameter,
„.
WIN
circular
eta Opp
Wall
circular
Ralnforcer rents
Elliptical
Well
Thickness'
Ovular
Rebfo cenie
F:Npti
Thickness,
inner
Cuter R* o
Tt>mess'
Inner
Outer
Rehforcerrnento
k L
inner
Outer
PAInforeementa
Caps
Cage
Cage
Cage
Cage
Cage
12
1W4
0.07
...
2
0.07
...
...
2%
0.
15
1
0.07
...
2 1 /4
0.07
3
0.07
...
18
2
0.07
... 0.07
2
0.07
0.07
314
0.07
...
0.07
21
2
0.12
0.10
2 1 144
0.07
...
0.07 a
A
0.07
...
0.07
24
2 1 /2
0.13
... 0.11
3
0.07
...
0.07
3i4
0.07
...
0.07
27
No
0.15
... 0.13
3 1 /4
0.13
...
0.11
4
0.07
...
0.07
30
2%
0.15 •
... 0.14
3 1 41
0.14
...
0.12
4%
0.07
...
0.07
33
2
0.16
... 0.15
3%
0.15
...
0.13
41h
0.07
...
0.07
36
3
0.14
0.08 0.15
4 8
0.12
0.07
0.13
424
0.07
0.07
0.08
42
3%
0.16
0.10 0.18
4
0.15
0.09
0.17
514
0.10
0.07
0.11
48
4
0.21
0.13 0.23
5
0.18
0.11
0.20
544
0.14
0.08
0.15
54
4
0.25
0.15 0.28
5 1 /2
0.22
0.13
0.24
614
0.17
0.10
0.19
60
5
0.30
0.18 0.33
6
0.25
0.15
0.28
6%
0.22
0.13
0.24
68
5 1 /2
0.35
0.21 0.39
6 1 /2
0.31
0.19
0.34
7%
025
0.15
0.28
72
6
0.41
0.25 0.45
7
0.35
0.21
0.39
7%
0.30
0.18
0.33
78
6 1 /2
0.48
0.26 0.51
7 1 /2
0.40
0.24
0.44
814
0.35
0.21
0.39
84
7
0.51
0.31 0.57
8
0.46
0.28
0.51
8%
0.41
025
0.46
90
7%
0.57
0.34 0.63
8%
0.51
0.31
0.57
914
0.48
0.29
0.53
96
8
0.62
0.37 0.69
9
0.57
0.34
0.63
944
0.55
0.33
0.61
Concrete Strength. 5000 pal
102 8 1 /8 0.76 0.48 inner 0.30. 9 1 /2 0.68 0.41 Inner 0.27 10 /4 0.62 0.37 Inner 0.25
Circular Circular Circular
Plus & 0.48 Plus EM 0.41 Plus Eh 0.37
tlpdw tptic llpticall
108 9 0.85 0.51 Inter 0.34 10 0.76 0.46 Inner 0.30 10V4 0.70 0.42 Inner 0.28
CkcWU Circular Circular
Plus & 0.51 Plus El- 0.46 Plus & 0.42
lip" up" opt"
114 '' ... A ... ... ... A ... ... ... ...
120 A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ...
126 A ... ... .. A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ...
132 A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ...
138 A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ... A ... ... ... ...
144 A A .. A ..
A For modified or special designs sea 7.2 or with fits penrUsbn of fine owner utilize fine prowslons of Specification C 655. Steel area may be interpolated between
those shown for variations In darneter. loading. or well Okkness. Plpe over 96 In. In diameter shall hays two circular cages or an alter circular plus am elliptical cage.
8 For time classes and size, the mirwnurn practical steel reinforcement is specified. The actud ufa mwte strength is greater lion the wk*oum strength specified for
raw Inforc pips of equivalent caritas In Specification C 14.
C As an a6amative to designs requiring both Irnar and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be posltloned and proportioned h NOW of tae following manners:
An Inner draw cage plus an elliptical cage such tiet ill area of fins elliptical cage shall not be less than that speafied for the outer cage In ft table and the total area
of the Inner circular cage plus ate elliptical age shell not be less than that specified for ft inner cage in de table.
An Inner and outer cage pia quadrant mats In accordance with Fig. 1. or
An inner and outer cage plus an elptical cage In accordance with Fig. 2.
a Elliptical and quadrant afaol must bs hold In place by means of holding rods, chairs. or other positive mans throughout the entire casting opsretlon.
a As an alternative. single cope f*Vftc n@M may be used. The reinforcement are In square in. per Wow foot dell be 0.20 for wall 8 and 0.16 for well C.
Tftwedgs- beaing tat to W nnate bed Is not required for any class of pipe 604n. or less In diameter provided IN other requuksrnents of this specification are met.
circumferential reinforcement shall be as prescribed for
Classes I to V in Tables 1 to 5, except as provided in 7.2.
7. 1.1 Footnotes to the tables herein are intended to be
amplifications of tabulated requirements and are to be
considered applicable and binding as if they were contained
in the body of the specification.
7.2 Modified and Special Designs.
7.2.1 If permitted by the owner the manufacturer may
request approval by the owner of modified designs that differ
from the designs in 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads
beyond those shown in Tables I to 5, 7. 1, or special designs
for pipe sizes that do not have steel reinforcement area
shown in Tables l to 5 of 7.1.
7.2.2 Such modified or special designs shall be based on
rational or empirical evaluations of the ultimate strength and
cracking behavi!)r of the pipe and shall fully describe to the
4f C76
TABLE 3 Design Requ irments for Class 111 Reinforced Concrete Pipe" J
Nort -See Section 5 for ttsah of aoceptrtoe specified by the owner.
The strength test requke mts in pounds-bros par Inser toot of pipe under the twee- edge-beedrq method shag be either the f }load (test bad expressed In
pounds.fora per lnaar foot per foot of damster) to produce a
0.014n. crack, or the
Noad$ to produce the 0.014. crack and the Wrnats bad as speckled below,
nApkd by the morn l darneter
of the pipe In feet.
Noed to produce a 0.014n. crack
1350
Wood to produce the ultntate IWO
2000
Reinforcement, in.z/Inear It of pipe wall
Well A
Well B
Well C
Internal
Concrete Strsngm. 4000 psi
Concrete Strength, 4000 psi
Concrete Stron^ 4000 psi
Designated
Diameter,
Wag
Thi
RekNaramenttc mP
Renforcernentc
Elliptical
Thick-
Circular
Rentorcorttento
EsPtal
Reinforce-
Inter
Reinforce-
Outer I to
messes,
Inner
Outer
Reinforce-
I to
rt om,
-----
Inter
Cuter
I to
n.
Cage
Cage
n.
cage
cage
Cage
Cage
12
1IV4
0.07
... ...
2
0.07
...
24141
0.07
15
1
0.07
... ...
2 1 /4
0.07
3
0.07
...
...
18
2
0.07
.. 0.07
2 1 /a
0.07 8
...
0.07 8
3141
0.07
...
0.07
21
2
0.14
... 0.11
2%
0.07
...
0.07
3%
0.07
0.07
24
2
0.17
.. 0.14
3
0.07
...
0.07
3
0.07
0.07
27
2%
0.16
... 0.16
3
0.16
...
0.14
4
0.08
...
0.07
30
2%
0.19
... 0.18
3
0.18
...
0.15
41/4
0.10
0.08
33
2 7 /o
0.21
0.20
3
0.20
0.17
4
0.12
0.10
38
3
0.21
0.13 0.23
4
0.17
0.10
0.19
4
0.08
0.07
0.09
42
3%
0.25
0.15 028
4 1 A
0.21
0.13
0.23
5 1 /4
0.12
0.07
0.13
48
4
0.32
0.19 0.35
5
0.24
0.14
0.27
5414
0.16
0.10
0.18
54
4 1 /a
0.38
0.23 0.42
5 1 /2
0.29
0.17
0.32
6 1 /4
0.21
0.13
0.23
60
5
0.44
0.26 0.49
6
0.34
0.20
0.38
6%
0.25
0.15
0.28
66
5 1 /8
0.50
0.30 0.55
6 1 A
0.41
0.25
0.46
7 1 /4
0.31
0.19
0.34
72
8
0.57
0.34 0.63
7
0.49
029
0.54
7414
0.36
0.22
0.40
concrete Stmtgth. 5000 psi
78
6 1 /8
0.64
0.38 0.71
7 1 /8
0.57
0.34
0.63
8 1 /4
0.42
0.25
0.47
84
7
0.72
0.43 0.80
8
0.64
0.38
0.71
8%
0.50
0.30
0.56
Concrete Strength. 5000 psi
Concrete Strength, 5000 Psi
90
7
0.81
0.49 0.90
8 1 A
0.69
0.41
0.77
9 1 /4
0.59
0.35
0.66
96
8
0.93
0.56 1.03
9
0.76
0.46
0.84
91/4
0.70
0.42
Inner 0.28
Circular
Plus EF 0.42
Mpdcel
102
8 1 /2
1.03
0.62 Inner 0.41
9 1 A
0.90
0.54
Inner 0.36
Circular
10
0.83
0.50
irner 0.33
Circular
Circular
Plus El- 0.82
Plus El. 0.54
Plus F.6 0.50
108
9
1.22
0.73 Inner 0.49
10
1.08
0.65
Inner 0.43
Circular
1OV4
0.99
0.59
Inner 0.40
Circular
Chular
Pius EE 0.73
Plus Eb 0.65
Plus EF 0.59
gptloel
gptical
A
gPww
114 A .. ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
120 A ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
126 A ... ... ...
132 A A ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
138 A ... ... A ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
144 A A
... ... .. ...
A For modMed or sped designs see 72 or with the penmisslon of its owner utigze the provWWA of Spsdfk:atbn C 655. Stets areas may be nterpotated between
those shown for variations In dlarnoter, boding. or well thickness. Pips over 96 n. In diameter WW have two circular ages or an Inner circular Pius arm Optical cage.
e For these classes and sins, the ntnknun practical steel renforament is specified. The actual ultimate strength is greater than ft mnnxan Strength specified for
norrenforad pips 01 equivalent diWn*M in Spetti "don C 14.
c As an alternatlw to designs requirlm both imam and outer circular age$ the renforcernent may be positioned and proportioned In either of the following ntsnera:
M Inner circular gage plus An rtaptai ago such that the area of the eslptlal age shah riot be less then that specified for the aura age in the table and tuts total Area
d ths Ina circular age plus the eWptical ago shag not be Mss than that specified for the Inner age in the table.
M kner and outer sags plus quadrant mats In accordance with Fig. 1. or
M inter and cuter age plus an aaiPtal cops in accordance with Fig. 2.
o E&pWW and quadrant steel runt be hold In plea by means of hoidng rods, drake, or other posltive mans throughout the entire astkq operator.
8 M an alternative. single age rohdorosntsnt may be used. The mWwcsmmt sea n square n. per kwv foot stuff be 0.30 for wag 5 and 0.20 for wag C.
• test to uitrnsts load is not required for any doss of pips 604n. or Mss in diameter provided ag other requkernertts of this specitoatlon ss met.
40 C 76
TABLE 4 Design Requirements for Class IV Reintgrced Concrete PipeA
Non -See Section 5 tar basis of acceptor= sped8ed by Ws owner.
The sverip test requkerrtants In pokrWo4orce per kwar toot of pipe WXw ft ttree- edge -bearing n%thod ate be Ow the D4oad (test load expressed In
poixtdsdarce per Knew foot per foot of dWnew) to produce a 0.014n. crack, or the tNoads to
produce the 0.01 -kt• crack and the uftlmato bad as
speaukd blow,
mu ood by to internal diameter of Me pipe In feet.
D-k)ad to produce a 0.014n. crack
2000
Daoed to produce the ultimate bad i
3000
ReinWrowwt, IM n of pips wd
Wd A
Wd S
Wd C
Concrete Strargm. 5000 pal
Concrete Strength. 4000 psl
Cc=ets Strength. 4000 pal
Dealgr
Diameter.
K
Wd
chmer
n Reinforoe enta t�Yptical
Wd
RAC is
EllpdoW
Wd
Relnforwrmts
Thickness,
Wier � Reinforce-
Thickness,
kYter Outer
R�
Thickness,
WW
�
Relnfarce-
Cage Caps
Cage Cage
Cage
Caps
12
1%
0.15 ... - -...
- -- 2
0.07
2%
0.07
...
15
life
0.16 ...
2%
0.10 ...
...
3
0.07
18
2
0.17 ... 0.15
214
0.14 ..%
0.11
316
0.07
..
0.07
21
2%
023 ... 0.21
216
0.20 ...
0.17
3%
0.07
0.07
24
2%
029 ... 027
3
027 ...
0.23
3
0.07
0.07
0.08
27
2%
0.33 ... 0.31
3%
0.31 ...
025
4
0.08
0.07
0.09
30
216
0.38 ... 0.35
314
0.35
028
414
0.09
0.07
0.10
33
A
... ... ...
3
027 0.16
0.30
4%
0.11
0.07
0.12
36
A
... ... ...
4
0.30 0.18
0.33
4i6
0.14
0.08
0.15
42
A
... ... ...
4%
0.35 021
0.39
5%
020
0.12
022
48
A
... ... ...
5
0.42 025
0.47
5%
026
0.16
029
54
A
... ... ...
5%
0.50 0.30
0.55
6%
0.34
0.20
0.38
Concrete Stragth, 5000 psi
60 A ... ... ... 6 0.59 0.35 0.66 6% 0.41 0.25 0.48
66 A ... ... 6% 0.69 0.41 0.77 7% 0.51 0.31 0.57
Ckxicrete Strength, 5000 psi
72 A ... ... ... 7 0.79 0.47 0.88 726 0.61 0.37 0.66
78 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... 8% 0.71 0.43 0.79
84 A ... ... ... A ... .. 8% 0.85 0.51 0.94
90 A ... ... ... A ... ... A ... ... .•
96 A ... ... A ... ... ... A ... ... ...
102 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... A ... ..
108 A ... ... ... A ... ... A . ...
114 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... A ... ... ...
120 ... ... A ... ... ...
126 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... A ..• ... ...
132 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... A ... ... ...
138 A ... ... ... A ... ... ... A ... ... ...
144 A A ... A ... ... ...
A For modUlsd or spode daslgne see 72 or wfttt the pemtlwbrt of the owner ufllze the prvAsbta of Spedbca0m C 655. Steal areas ma be Interpolated between
ftee shown fo variations in dlarrtatar, badkg, o r wd tttl Wm& Pipe over 98 kt. in d mw am have two drQAW capes or an kvw drWer pku one sKoftM caps.
s As an ahem dve to designs r*gL*VV both kvw and outer circular cages the roMforcament my be positioned and prcportlartad In sticker of Me bbwkg trww"m
M krter dkdufar cage pku an eiflptical cage such eat ffte area o(ttte sMpdcM caps WW not be leas Wan that apadllad fo ttte outer cage N tfte tattle and ttte tow area
of ftta ktrter circular cage on Wa elliptical cap "not be less Wan that epeclled t We ktrtar cage in the table.
M Ww and outer cage ptus quadrant nets In accordance wUh Fig. 1. or
M Yvter and outer caps plus an a dcW cage In accorderm with Fig. 2.
For Wd C. In sizes 24 to 33 im. a single dreuler cape with an area not lees Wan the sum of Me sped6ed bvw end outer drarlar reinforcernertt erns.
0 ElApticaf and quadrant steal must be held In place by mew of hofdkg nods, d%Ws, or other positlw means thraghaR the entire casting openfbn.
0 For these chases and sizes, the mWmurn practical steel mWorc meet Is speatled.
9 Thr*64dgetewkg test to ultimate bad Is not regt*W for any class of pips 604n. or Ins In diameter provided d older morements of this spedecatfon are met.
owner any deviations from the requirements of 7.1. The
descriptions of modified or special designs shall include the
wall thickness, the concrete strength, and the area, type,
placement, number of layers, and strength of the steel
reinforcement.
7.13 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner proof of
the adequacy of the proposed modified or special design.
Such proof may comprise the submission of certified three -
edge- bearing tests already made, which are acceptable to the
owner or, if such three -edge- bearing tests are not available or
acceptable, the manufacturer may be required to perform
proof tests on sizes and classes selected by the owner to
demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed design.
7.2.4 Such pipe must meet all of the test and performance
requirements specified' by the owner in accordance with
Section S.
7.3 Area -In this specification, when the word area is not
described by adjectives, such as cross- section or single wire, it
shall be understood to be the cross - sectional area of rein-
forcement per unit lengths of pipe.
110 C 7 6
TABLE 5 Design Requirements for Class V Reinforced Cdncrete PIpeA
NOTE -See Section 5 for basis of acceptance specified by the owner.
The strength test requimments In pounds4orce per Inear foot of pipe under the twee- edge•bearing method shat be either the Daosd (test load expressed in
patxxIs -(erne per linear foot per foot of dlarneter) to produce a 0.014n. crack, or the Woods to produce the 0.01 -h. crack and the ultknats load as specHlod below,
nxultipled by the Internet diameter of the pipe in feet.
Daosd to produce a 0.014n. crack 3000
Noad to produce the ulti nata load • 3750
A For modlfled or special designs see 72 or with U» penNsslon of the owner utfte the provisions of Specification C 655. Steel areas may be Interpolated between
those sftown for variations In diameter, loading, or well Wckness. Pipe over 96 In. In diameter stow have two circular capes or an Inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
e As an alternative to design requiring both Inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned In either of the following musters:
An inner circular cage plus an eNlptical cage such that Ute area of the sWptical caps sfnal not be lase Utah that specified for the outer Cage In Ute table and fine total area
of the inner circular caps plus the elliptical Cage shall not be less than that specified for Uw Inner Caps in the table.
An inner and outer cage talus quadrant mats In accordance with Fig. 1. or
An Inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage In accordance with Fig. 2.
o Elliptical and quadrant steal must be held In place by means of holding rods. O%Vs, or OQW positive msarta thfotghout the entire Casting operation.
For these classes and sixes, fir ntf *mxn practical steel minnforcernent is specified.
a
Three-edge-bearing test to ultimate bad Is not required for any class of pipe 60-in. or less In dlameter provided e-1 other requirements of Ws specification are met.
8. Reinforcement
8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement -A line of circumfer-
ential reinforcement for any given total area may be com-
posed of two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than
7 in. or three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 7 in. or
greater. The layers shall not be separated by more than the
thickness of one longitudinal plus 'A in. The multiple layers
shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All other
specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances
of placement in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this
method of fabricating a line of reinforcement.
8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it
shall be placed from 35 to 50 % of the wall thickness from
the inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses
less than 2 in., the protective cover of the concrete over the
circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be
3 /4 in.
8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement,
each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall
of the pipe shall be I in.
8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
thicknesses 2 in. or greater, the reinforcement in the wall
of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in.
from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diamete.,._)
and t in. from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal
diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
thicknesses less than 2% in., the protective covering of the
Relnforcernent, In. It of pips wall
Wall A
Wall 8
Wall C
Internal
Designated
Concrete Strength, 6000 psi
Concrete Strength, 6000 psi
Concrete Strength, 6000 psi
Diameter,
Ch
ular
circular
circular
In.
Wall
Reinforcement
EWPtkal
wall
Rainforcementa
Elliptical
wax
Reinforcements
Spy
Thickness,
Reinforce-
Thickness,
Reinforce-
Thickness,
Reinforce-
In.
kCap
menu
In.
Ca9e
memo
In.
�e outer
ntantc
�
�
12
A
...
...
2
0.10 ...
...
2 3 /4
0.07 ...
...
15
A
...
...
2
0.14
3
0.07 ...
...
1s
A
2
0.19 ...
0.16
3 1 /4
0.10 ...
...
21
A
...
2
0.24 ...
021
3
0.10 ...
...
24
A
...
...
...
3
0.30 ...
024
31/4
0.12 0.07
0.13
27
A
...
3
0.38 0.23
0.42
4
0.14 0.08
0.16
30
A
...
3
0.41 025
0.46
41/4
0.18 0.11
020
33
A
...
...
3
0.46 0.28
0.51
4
023 0.14
025
36
A
4
0.50 0.30
0.56
444
027 0.16
0.30
42
A
4
0.60 0.36
0.67
5
0.36 0.22
0.40
48
A
5
0.73 0.44
0.81
5%
0.47 028
0.52
54
A
A
... ...
...
6
0.58 0.35
0.64
60
A
A
...
...
61/
0.70 0.42
0.78
66
A
...
A
7
0.84 0.50
0.93
72
A
A
7%
0.99 0.59
1.10
78
A
A
...
...
A
...
...
84
A
...
A
... ...
...
A
... ...
...
90
A
...
A
... ...
...
A
... ...
...
•..
/
102
A
...
...
A
,
...
A
... ...
...
108
A
...
...
...
A
... ...
...
A
... ...
...
114
A
...
...
A
...
A
... ...
...
120
A
...
...
...
A
A
... ...
...
126
A
...
...
...
A
... ...
...
A
... ...
...
132
A
A
... ...
...
A
... ...
...
138
A
A
...
A
... ...
...
144
A
A
A
.. ..
A For modlfled or special designs see 72 or with U» penNsslon of the owner utfte the provisions of Specification C 655. Steel areas may be Interpolated between
those sftown for variations In diameter, loading, or well Wckness. Pipe over 96 In. In diameter stow have two circular capes or an Inner circular plus one elliptical cage.
e As an alternative to design requiring both Inner and outer circular cages the reinforcement may be positioned and proportioned In either of the following musters:
An inner circular cage plus an eNlptical cage such that Ute area of the sWptical caps sfnal not be lase Utah that specified for the outer Cage In Ute table and fine total area
of the inner circular caps plus the elliptical Cage shall not be less than that specified for Uw Inner Caps in the table.
An inner and outer cage talus quadrant mats In accordance with Fig. 1. or
An Inner and outer cage plus an elliptical cage In accordance with Fig. 2.
o Elliptical and quadrant steal must be held In place by means of holding rods. O%Vs, or OQW positive msarta thfotghout the entire Casting operation.
For these classes and sixes, fir ntf *mxn practical steel minnforcernent is specified.
a
Three-edge-bearing test to ultimate bad Is not required for any class of pipe 60-in. or less In dlameter provided e-1 other requirements of Ws specification are met.
8. Reinforcement
8.1 Circumferential Reinforcement -A line of circumfer-
ential reinforcement for any given total area may be com-
posed of two layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of less than
7 in. or three layers for pipe with wall thicknesses of 7 in. or
greater. The layers shall not be separated by more than the
thickness of one longitudinal plus 'A in. The multiple layers
shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All other
specification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances
of placement in the wall of the pipe, etc., shall apply to this
method of fabricating a line of reinforcement.
8.1.1 Where one line of circular reinforcement is used, it
shall be placed from 35 to 50 % of the wall thickness from
the inner surface of the pipe, except that for wall thicknesses
less than 2 in., the protective cover of the concrete over the
circumferential reinforcement in the wall of the pipe shall be
3 /4 in.
8.1.2 In pipe having two lines of circular reinforcement,
each line shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement in the wall
of the pipe shall be I in.
8.1.3 In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
thicknesses 2 in. or greater, the reinforcement in the wall
of the pipe shall be so placed that the protective covering of
concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in.
from the inner surface of the pipe at the vertical diamete.,._)
and t in. from the outer surface of the pipe at the horizontal
diameter. In pipe having elliptical reinforcement with wall
thicknesses less than 2% in., the protective covering of the
ISM c 76
0w• «1 2
O"We" 1
NoTe 1 —The total reinforcement area (Asi) of fine Inner cage plus the quadrant
mat In Quadrants 1 and 2 shall not be leas than fhtft specfied for the inner cage in
Tattles 1 to 5.
NoTE 2 —The total reinforcement area ( Aso) of the outer cage plus fine quadrant
mat In Quadrants 3 and 4 shell not be was than that specdled for the outer cage in
Tables 1 to 5.
NoTa 3—The reinforcement area (A'sq of the inner cage in Quadrants 3 and 4
Mall be not Was than 25 % of that spedlled for the Ww cage In Tables 1 to 5.
NoTa 4—The reWorcoment area (Also) of the outer cage in Quadrants 1 and 2
shall be not lees than 25 % of that aped6ed for fins outer cage in Tables 1 to 5.
Nora 5-4f the reinforcement area (Also) of fine outer cage in Quadrants 1 or 2 Is
We than 50 % of that spedlled for the outer cage In Tables 1 to 5, the quadrant
meta used for the outer caps In Quadrants 3 and 4 shall extend Into Quadrant 1
and 2 not less than a distance equal to the wall VW;ness n spedfled In Tables 1
to 5.
FIG. 1 Quadrant Reinforcement
concrete shall be 3 /4 in. at the vertical and horizontal
diameters.
8.1.4 The location of the reinforcement shall be subject to
the permissible variations in dimensions given in 12.5.
8.1.5 The spacing center to center of circumferential
reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 4 in. for pipe up to
and including pipe having a 4-in. wall thickness nor exceed
the wall thickness for larger pipe, and shall in no case exceed
6 in.
8.1.6 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into
the joint, the maximum longitudinal distance to the last
circumferential from the inside shoulder of the bell or the
shoulder of the spigot shall be 3 in. except that if this distance
exceeds one -half the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall
contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum
specified area per linear foot times the laying length of the
pipe section. The minimum cover on the last circumferential
near the spigot shoulder shall be 1 /2 in.
8.1.6.1 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot the
minimum end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1 /2 in.
in the bell or 1 /4 in. in the spigot.
8.1.7 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing
steel shall not be destroyed during the manufacture of the
pipe, except that when agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or
holes may be provided in each pipe fcr the purpose of
handling.
8.1.8 If splices are not welded, the reinforcement shall be
lapped not less than 20 diameters for deformed bars and
deformed cold - worked wire, and 40 diameters for plain bars
and cold -drawn wire. In addition, where lapped cages of
welded -wire fabric are used without welding, the lap shall
contain a longitudinal wire.
8.1.8.1 When splices are welded and are not lapped to the
minimum requirements above, pull tests of representative
specimens shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum
specified strength of the steel, and there shall be a minimum
lap of 2 in. For butt- welded splices in bars or wire, permitted
only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative
specimens shall develop at least 75 % of the minimum
specified strength of the steel.
8.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement —Each line of circumfer-
ential reinforcement shall be assembled into a cage that shall
contain sufficient longitudinal bars or members, to maintain
the reinforcement in shape and in position within the form
to comply with permissible variations in 8.1. The exposure of
the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, or spacers that. have been
used to position the cages during the placement of the
concrete shall not be a cause for rejection.
8.3 Joint Reinforcement —The length of the joint as used
herein means the inside length of the bell or the outside
length of the spigot from the shoulder to the end of the pipe
section. The end distances or cover on the end circumferen-
tial shall apply to any point on the circumference of the pipe
or joint. When convoluted reinforcement is used, these
distances and reinforcement areas shall be taken from the
points on the convolutions closest to the end of the pipe
section. Unless otherwise permitted by the owner, the
following requirements for joint reinforcement shall apply.
8.3.1 Joint Reinforcement for Non - Rubber Gasket Joints.
8.3.1.1 For pipe 36 in. and larger in diameter, either the
bell or spigot shall contain circumferential reinforcement.
This reinforcement shall be an extension of a wall cage, or
may be a separate cage of at least the area per foot of that
specified for the outer cage or one -half of that specified for
single cage wall reinforcement, whichever is less.
8.3.1.2 Where bells or spigots require reinforcement, the
maximum end cover on the last circumferential shall be
one -half the length of the joint or 3 in., whichever is less.
8.3.2 Joint Reinforcement for Rubber Gasket Joints.
8.3.2.1 For pipe 12 in. and larger in diameter, the bell
ends shall contain circumferential reinforcement. This rein-
forcement shall be an extension of the outer cage or a single
wall cage, whichever is less, or may be a separate cage o:' at
least the same area per foot with longitudinals as required in
8.2. If a separate cage is used, the cage shall extend into the
pipe with the last circumferential wire at least one in. past the
inside shoulder where the pipe barrel meets the bell of the
joint.
8.3.2.2 Where bells require reinforcement, the maximum
end cover on the last circumferential shall be 1 th in.
9. Joints
9.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid
together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with
the permissible variations given in Section 12.
10. Manufacture
10.1 Mixture —The aggregates shall be sized, graded.
proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of
i C76
T.. • .
)uter Circular Cage
Elliptical Cage
Inner Circular Cage
NoTE t —The total reinforcement area of the Inner drwlar cage and the eWpdcal cage shag not be less than that specified for the Mtner cage In Tables 1 to S.
NOTE 2 - 1he tow reWoresment area of the outer drmAw cage and the elliptical cage shall not be less than clot specified for the outer cage in Tables 1 to 5.
FIG. 2 Triple Cage Reinforcement
cementitious materials and water as will produce a homoge-
neous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will
conform to the test and design requirements of this specifi-
cation. All concrete shall have a water- cementitious mate-
rials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious
materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the
mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb /yd' unless mix
designs with a lower cementitious materials content demon-
strate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the
requirements of this specification.
10.2 Curing —Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
methods of curing described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 or to any
other method or combination of methods approved by the
owner, that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
cured for a sufficient length of time so that the speed
D-load is obtained when acceptance is based on 5. 1.1 or so
that the concrete will develop the specified compressive
strength at 28 days or less when acceptance is based on 5.1.2.
10.2.1 Steam Curing —Pipe may be placed in a curing
chamber, free of outside drafts, and cured in a moist
atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such
time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the
pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber
shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam
around the entire pipe.
10.2.2 Water Curing — Concrete pipe may be water -cured
by covering with water saturated material or by a system of
perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by
any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist
during the specified curing period.
10.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the
methods described in 10.2.1 to 10.2.4 provided the required
concrete compressive strength is attained.
10.2.4 A sealing membrane conforming to the require-
ments of Specification C 309 may be applied and should be
left intact until the required strength requirements are met.
The concrete at the time of application shall be within 10'F
of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept
moist prior to the application of the compounds and shaU be
damp when the compound is applied.
11. Physical Requirements
11.1 Test Specimens —The specified number of pipe
required for the tests shall be furnished without charge by the
manufacturer and shall be selected at random by the owner,
and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under
this specification. The selection shall be made at the point or
points designated by the owner when placing the order.
11.2 Number and Type of Test Required for Parious
Delivery Schedules.•
11.2.1 Preliminary Tests for Extended Delivery Sched-
ules—An owner of pipe, whose needs require shipments at
intervals over extended periods of time, shall be entitled to
such tests, preliminary to delivery of pipe, as are required by
the type of basis of acceptance specified by the owner in
Section 5, of not more than three sections of pipe covering
each size in which he is interested.
11.2.2 Additional Tests for Extended Delivery Schedules —
After the preliminary tests described in 11.2.1, an owner
shall be entitled to additional tests in such numbers and at
such times as he may deem necessary, provided that the total
number of pipe tested (including preliminary tests) shall not
exceed 1 % of the pipe delivered.
11.2.3 Tests for Occasional Orders —An owner who places
occasional orders shall be entitled to test a number of pipe
not to exceed 2 % of an order, and not to exceed five piece
of any one size; otherwise the number of pipe desired fo.._�
testing shall be included in the order.
11.3 External Load Crushing Strength:
l 1.3.1 The load to produce a 0.01 -in. crack or the ultimate
load, as determined by the three -edge- bearing method as
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...e`
described in the Test Methods C 497 shall be not less than
that prescribed in Tables 1 to 5 for each respective class of
pipe. Pipe that have been tested only to the formation of a
0.01 -in. crack and that meet the 0.01 -in. crack load require-
ments shall be accepted for use. Three- edge - bearing test to
ultimate load is not required for any class of pipe 60 in. or
less in diameter listed in Tables 1 through 5 provided all
other requirements of this specification are met.
Nars 3 —As used in this specification, the 0.01 -in. crack is a test
criterion for pipe tested in the three- edge -bearing test and is not intended
as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.
11.3.2 Retests of Pipe Not Meeting the External Load
Crushing Strength Requirements —Pipe shall be considered
as meeting the strength requirements when all test specimens
conform to the strength requirements. Should any of the test
specimens fail to meet the strength requirements, the manu-
facturer shall be allowed a retest on two additional specimens
for each specimen that failed, and the pipe shall be accept-
able only when all of the retest specimens meet the strength
requirements.
11.4 Concrete Strength.
11.4.1 Compressive Strength — Compression tests for sat-
isfying the design concrete strength may be made on either
standard rodded concrete cylinders or cylinders compacted
and cured in like manner as the pipe, or on cores drilled
from the wall of the pipe. If cylinders are tested, they shall be
tested in accordance with Test Method C 39. The average
compressive strength of all cylinders tested shall be equal to
or greater than the design strength. Not more than 10 % of
the cylinders tested shall fall below the design strength. In no
case shall any cylinder tested fall below 80 % of the design
strength. If cores are cut from the wall of the pipe and tested
they shall be cut and tested in accordance with the require-
ments of Methods C 497. The compressive strength of each
core tested shall be equal to or greater than the design
strength of the concrete. If a core does not meet the required
strength, another core from the same pipe may be tested. If
this core does not meet the required strength, that pipe shall
be rejected. Additional tests shall be made on other pipe to
determine the acceptability of the lot. When the cores cut
from a section of pipe successfully meet the strength require-
ment, the core holes shall be plugged and sealed by the
manufacturer in a manner such that the pipe section will
meet all of the requirements of this specification. Pipe
sections, so sealed shall be considered as satisfactory for use.
11.4.2 Absorption —The absorption of a sample from the
wall of the pipe, as determined in accordance with Methods
C 497, shall not exceed 9 % of the dry mass for Method A or
8.5 % for Method B. Each Method A sample shall have a
minimum mass of 0.1 kg, shall be free of visible cracks, and
shall represent the full wall thickness of the pipe. When the
initial absorption sample from a pipe fails to conform to this
specification, the absorption test shall be made on another
sample from the same pipe and the results of the retest shall
be substituted for the original test results.
l 1.4.3 Retests of Pipe —When not more than 20 % of the
concrete test specimens fail to pass the requirements of the
specification, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may
eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so
mark those pipe that they will not be shipped. The required
tests shall be made on the balance of the order and the pipe
shall be accepted they conform to the requirements of this
specification.
11.5 Test Equipment —Every manufacturer furnishing
pipe under this specification shall furnish all facilities and
personnel necessary to carry out the tests described in
Methods C 497.
12. Permissible Variations
12.1 Internal Diameter —The internal diameter of 12 to
24-in. pipe shall vary not more than t 1.5 % from the design
diameter. The internal diameter of 27 -in. and larger pipe
shall not vary from the design diameter by more than t 1 %
of the design diameter or t 0 /: in., whichever is greater.
12.2 Wall Thickness —The wall thickness shall not vary
more than shown in the design or specified wall by more
than t5 % or 3 A6 in., whichever is greater. A specified wall
thickness more than required in the design is not cause for
rejection. Pipe having localized variations in wall thickness
exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the
three -edge- bearing strength and minimum steel cover re-
quirements are met.
12.3 Length of Two Opposite Sides — Variations in the
laying length of two opposite sides of the pipe shall not be
more than 1 /4 in. for all sizes through 24-in. internal
diameter, and not more than IA in. /ft for all sizes larger with
a maximum of s/, in. in any length of pipe through 84-in.
internal diameter, and a maximum of 2 /4 in. for 90-in.
internal diameter or larger, except where beveled end pipe
for laying on curves is specified by the owner.
12.4 Length of Pipe —The underrun in length of a section
of pipe shall not be more than 'A in. /ft, with a maximum of
1 /2 in. in any length of pipe. Regardless of the underrun or
overrun in any section of the pipe, the end cover require-
ments of Sections 8 and 12 shall apply.
12.5 Position or Area of Reinforcement:
12.5.1 Position —The maximum variation in the position
of the reinforcement shall be t 10 % of the wall thickness or
t 1 /2 in., whichever is greater. Pipe having variations in the
position of the reinforcement exceeding those specified
above shall be accepted if the three -edge- bearing strength
requirements obtained on a representative specimen are met.
In no case, however, shall the cover over the circumferential
reinforcement be less than 1 /4 in. as measured to the end of
the spigot or 1 /2 in. as measured to any other surface. The
preceding minimum cover limitations do not apply to
mating surfaces of nonrubber gasket joints or gasket grooves
in rubber gasket joints. If convoluted reinforcement is used,
the convoluted circumferential end wire may be at the end
surface of the joint providing the alternate convolutions have
at least 1 in. cover from the end surface of the joint.
12.5.2 Area of Reinforcement — Reinforcement will be
considered as meeting the design requirements if the area,
computed on the basis of nominal area of the wire or bars
used, equals or exceeds the requirements of 7.1 or 7.2. Actual
area of the reinforcing used may vary from the nominal area
according to permissible variations of the standard specifica-
tions for the reinforcing. When inner cage and outer cage
reinforcing is used, the inner cage nominal area may vary to
the lower limit of 85 % of the elliptical nominal area and the
outer cage nominal area may vary to the lower limit of 51 %
of the elliptical nominal area provided that the total nominal
4D C 76
area of the inner cage plus the outer cage shall not vary
beyond the lower limit of 140 % of the elliptical nominal
area.
13. Repairs
13.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of
imperfections in manufacture or damage during handling
and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the owner, the
repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of this specifica-
tion.
14. Inspection
14.1 The quality of materials, the process of manufacture,
and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and
approval by the owner.
15. Rejection
15.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of
failure to conform to any of the specification requirements.
Individual sections of pipe may be rejected because of any of
the following:
15.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except
for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the
joint.
15.1.2 Defects that indicate proportioning, mixing, and
molding not in compliance with 10.1 or surface defects
indicating honey - combed or open texture that would ad-
versely affect the function of the pipe.
15.1.3 The ends of the pipe are not normal to the wall
and center line of the pipe, within the limits of variation,,_.)
given in 12.3 and 12.4.
15.1.4 Damaged or cracked ends where such damage
would prevent making a satisfactory joint.
15.1.5 Any continuous crack having a surface width of
0.01 in. or more and extending for a length of 12 in. or more,
regardless of position in the wall of the pipe.
16. Marking
16.1 The following information shall be legibly marked
on each section of pipe:
16. 1.1 The pipe class and specification designation,
16.1.2 The date of manufacture,
16.1.3 The name or trademark of the manufacturer, and
16.1.4 Identification of plant.
16.2 One end of each section of pipe with elliptical or
quadrant reinforcement shall be clearly marked during the
process of manufacturing or immediately thereafter, on the
inside and the outside of opposite walls along the minor axis
of the elliptical reinforcing or along the vertical axis for
quadrant reinforcing.
16.3 Markings shall be indented on the pipe section or
painted thereon with waterproof paint.
17. Keywords
17.1 circular pipe; culvert; D -load; pipe; reinforced con-
crete; sewer pipe; storm drain
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with any Hem mentioned In this standard. Users Of this standard are expressly advised that dO(OMWet/on Of the vakdHy Of any such
Pat" rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responslbUHy.
This standard Is subject to revision at any time by the resPonnSIWO technkd committee and must bs revbwed every five years and
If not revised, either reapproved of withdrawn. Your oonwrrents we invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your commsntS wkl race" careful consideration at a ~kV Of the responsible
technical cornnWee. which you may attend. b you feel that your Comments have rat recetved a lW hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards. 1916 Race St.. Phikdelphla. PA 19103.