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May 12, 1997 �` mil.',
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Malouf Interest, Inc. 7' ' '
3811 Turtle Creek Boulevard, Suite 1800
Dallas, Texas 77219
Attention: Mr. Matt Malouf
Reference: Geotechnical Investigation
Proposed Shopping Center
Sandy Lake and Denton Tap Road
Coppell, Texas
GET NO.: 97DG1146
Dear Mr. Malouf:
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING& TESTING, INC. is pleased to submit this report for the above
referenced project. This study was authorized by you on April 23, 1997. This report briefly
describes the procedures employed in our investigation and presents the conclusions and
recommendations of our studies.
We appreciate the opportunity to work with you on this phase of the project. If you have any
question concerning our work or require additional information, please contact us.
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Very Truly Yours, i */• l, ••*�+,
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Russ M. Hassouna, MSCE., P.E. it ••:cO/STER.=
Senior Engineer evt s`/0`w� r
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Jim A. Palavan MSCE., P.E.
Principal Engineer
405 East 20th Street 2630 Northaven Rd., Ste. 106 13134 Lookout Run,# 2
Houston,Texas 77008 Dallas, Texas 75229
San Antonio,Texas 78233
(713) 861-9700 (972) 488-3500 (210) 657-9700
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Proposed Shopping Center
Sandy Lake and Denton Tap Road
Coppell, Texas
Reported to
Malouf Interest, Inc.
Dallas, Texas
Prepared by
Geoscience Engineering
& Testing, Inc.
Dallas, Texas
PROJECT NO.: 97DG1146
May, 1997
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest, Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 12,1997
Page 1
INTRODUCTION
Geoscience Engineering and Testing,Inc. (GETI)hereby submits this report of Geotechnical
Investigation of subsurface conditions at the site of the Proposed Shopping Center located at
Sandy Lake and Denton Tap Road in Coppell, Texas. GETI's investigation was authorized by
Mr. Matt Malouf with Malouf Interest, Inc.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the Geotechnical Investigation was to determine the subsurface soil conditions
on the site of the Proposed Shopping Center with particular reference to the design of the
foundation for the structure and any pavement recommendations.
FIELD INVESTIGATION
The field portion of this study was completed on the site located on Sandy Lake and Denton Tap
Road in Coppell, Texas on April 28, 1997. The subsurface soil conditions were explored by
advancing and sampling five (5) soil borings. Soil boring B-1 was drilled to a depth of twenty-
five(25')feet, soil boring B-2 to a depth of twenty (20')feet, soil boring B-3 to a depth of fifteen
(15') feet and borings B-4 and B-5 were drilled to a depth of five (5') feet below existing
ground surface. The approximate boring locations are shown on the attached Boring Plan, Plate
No. 1.
Sample depth,description of soil and soil classification(Based on the Unified Soil Classification
System) are presented on the Boring Logs, Plate Nos. 2 and 3 . Keys to terms and symbols used
on the boring logs are shown on Plate No. 4.
The soil borings were of three-inch diameter. Undisturbed samples of the soils were obtained
at two (2) foot intervals continuously to a depth of ten (10) feet, and at five (5) foot intervals
thereafter. Samples of the soils were obtained by means of three-inch O.D. shelby tube sampler.
All undisturbed samples were extruded mechanically from the shelby tubes in the field, wrapped
in aluminum foil, and sealed in plastic bags to prevent moisture loss and disturbance. All of the
samples were transported to our geotechnical laboratory for examination, testing and analysis.
LABORATORY TESTING
All field soil samples from the borings were examined and classified by a soils engineer.
Laboratory tests were then performed on selected soil samples in order to evaluate and determine
the physical and engineering properties of the foundation soils in accordance with the prescribed
ASTM standards. Strength properties of the soils were determined by means of Unconfined
Compressive Tests performed on undisturbed samples.
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest,Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 12,1997
Page 2
The type and number of laboratory tests performed for this study are:
DESCRIPTION NO. OF TESTS
Hand Penetrometer Test 38
Moisture Content Tests 38
Atterberg Limits 11
Dry Density Test 5
Unconfined Compression Test 5
The tests noted above were performed to establish the index properties and to aid in the proper
classification of the subsurface soils. The test results are shown on the boring logs and are
presented on Plate Nos. 2 and 3.
GENERAL SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
The site is gently sloping and covered with grass. The surface soils were dry and hard at the time
of our investigation.
The specific subsurface stratigraphy as determined by the field exploration, is shown in detail
on the boring logs herein. However, the stratigraphy can be generalized as follows:
Depth (FT.) DESCRIPTION
0' - 4' Very Stiff Brown and Tan Clay to Sandy Clay (CH- CL)*.
4' - 10' Soft to Very Stiff Gray and Tan Sandy Clay. (CL).
10' - 25' Firm to Very Stiff Gray and Tan Sandy Clay-Slickensided (CL)..
* Classification is in accordance with the Unified Soil Classification System.0
The information in this report summarizes conditions as found on the date the borings were
drilled. Free groundwater was encountered in soil borings B-1 and B-2 at a depth of Nine (9')
feet and in soil boring B-3 at a depth of fourteen (14') feet during the field drilling operation.
Long term monitoring of the groundwater level was beyond the scope of this study. It should be
noted that the groundwater table may be expected to fluctuate with environmental variations such
as frequency and magnitude of rainfall and at the time of year when construction begins.
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest,Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 1 2,1997
Page 3
EXPANSIVE CLAY
The Atterberg Limit tests indicate that the Liquid Limit of the soils in the upper 8 feet is in the
order of 29 to 71 and the Plasticity Index (P.I.) is in the order of 14 to 49. The subsoil would
then be described as clays having a low to high shrink/swell potential.
UNDERREAMED FOOTINGS
Based on the soil conditions revealed by the field soil test borings, the structure at this site can
be supported on a foundation system comprised of drilled and underreamed footings bearing at
a depth of twelve (12) to thirteen (13) feet below existing grade in the layer of gray and tan
sandy clay. The footings may be sized for a net allowable bearing pressure of 2,500 psf for dead
load plus sustained live load. The bearing pressure contains a factor of safety of 2.5 and can be
increased 25 per cent for total load conditions, whichever is critical.
The plinths of underreamed footings should be reinforced with sufficient reinforcing steel to
resist the potential tension force induced by swelling soils between the depth of seasonal
moisture changes and the final ground surface elevation.
Caving of piers may occur during construction of the drilled piers due to the presence of sandy
clay and groundwater. In order to minimize the possibility of piers caving during drilled pier
construction,the construction contractor should be prepared to use Cased Piers or Straight Sided
Shaft Foundations if caving occur. We recommend that the drilling be performed under the
supervision of a Geotechnical Engineer.
Experience indicates that underreams can be successfully installed, and based on local practice
for performing underream drill piers is to utilize 3.0 to 1.0 for underream to shaft ratio. Should
caving occur during belling operations, the shaft diameter may have to be increased, thereby,
changing the bell to shaft ratio. If the soil conditions warrant the changing of the shaft diameter,
the Structural Engineer of record should be informed about any changes because they may
require a change in reinforcing steel or bell diameter. Another alternative, would be to change
the typical 45 degree angle of the underream to 60 degree.
The concrete should be placed in a timely manner after drilling to minimize the potential for
caving of the foundation soils. No footings should be poured without the prior approval of the
Project Engineer,Architect or Owners Representative. Since the exact size and locations of the
footings are not known at this time. A detailed settlement analysis was not authorized, nor
performed. It is anticipated that the footings designed using the recommended allowable bearing
capacity will experience small settlements that will be well within the tolerable limits for the
proposed structure. A detailed settlement analysis can be performed, if desired.
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest, Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 12,1997
Page 4
A minimum void space of four (4) inches should be provided beneath the grade beams. This
void space allows for movement of the expansive soils below the grade beams without
distressing the structural system. Structural cardboard void forms are often used to provide this
void space.
Void Boxes are typically placed under the grade beams to provide this void space, and act as a
barrier separating the grade beams from the expansive soils. The purpose for using the void
boxes is when the underlying expansive soils swell, the void boxes will then collapse, thus
minimizing the uplift loads caused from the expansive soils on the grade beams. These voids
may act as a channel for water to travel under a foundation system with poor area drainage,
however, if this condition occurs, it may result in the subsequent swelling of the soils and an
increase in subsoil moisture loads on the floor slabs.
It is our opinion that the determination whether or not to provide voids under the grade beams
be made by the owner/builder after both the positive and negative aspects are evaluated.
Geoscience Engineering & Testing, Inc. from our experience with these voids, as well as the
experiences of other experts, brings us to the conclusion that even though they may be effective
in reducing swell pressures on the grade beams, they may provide free water which would be
available for absorption by slab support soils.
We recommend that the concrete slab of the structure be placed on a minimum of twenty-four
(24) inches of non-active type select fill material having a P.I. between 10 and 20 and doweled
into the grade beams in order to minimize any possibility of vertical displacement.
STRUCTURAL FILL AND SUBGRADE PREPARATION
It is recommended that the subgrade and fill material be prepared as follows:
(1) The site should be stripped to suitable depths to remove any existing concrete slab,
topsoil and miscellaneous fill material. The exposed subgrade surface should then be
proof-rolled. All soft or loose soils should be removed and replaced with select fill.
(2) The natural subgrade should be scarified to a minimum depth of six (6) inches. The
scarified soils should then be recompacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum
dry density as determined by the Standard Proctor Density Test (ASTM D-698). The
moisture content should range from -1 to + 3% of optimum moisture.
(3) Select till used to elevate the grade should consist of a clean sandy clay with a Liquid
Limit less than 35 and a Plasticity Index (P.I.)between 10 and 20.
(4) The select fill material should be placed in maximum of eight (8) inch loose lifts and
compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as per ASTM D-
698. The moisture content should be within -1 to +3 % of optimum moisture.
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest, Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG 1146
May 12,1997
Page 5
(5) A bedding layer of leveling sand, two (2) inches thick should be placed immediately
beneath the floor slab. A vapor barrier consisting of six mil plastic sheeting should be
placed over the sand cushion to prevent water migration through the concrete slab. The
excavations for the grade beams should be clean and free of any loose materials prior to
concrete placement.
PAVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
The near surface soils have a high shrink/swell potential and chemical stabilization will be
required to render the subgrade soils inactive.
The assumptions utilized in our pavement thickness analysis are summarized on Plate No. 5.
The following pavement thicknesses are based on these assumptions and procedures published
by the Portland Cement Association and the National Crushed Stone Association.
Recommendations for material properties for the paving layers are provided on Plate No. 6. It
is estimated that the service life for a properly constructed and maintained pavement will be in
order of 20 years. Proper civil design features such as joint design, quantity shoulder support
should be incorporated into the plans and specifications. Joints for concrete pavements may be
designed using the Texas Department of Highways Item 360.7 (Latest Revision). Periodic
maintenance will be required.
Parking Lots - Automobile Only
(DI-1)
Flexible Base Rigid Pavement
1.5" Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete 5.0" Reinforced Concrete
6.0" Crushed Limestone* 6.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
6.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
Parking Lots & Light Duty Access Lanes
(DI-2)
Flexible Base Rigid Pavement
8.0" Crushed Limestone* 6.0" Reinforced Concrete
2.0" Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete 6.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
6.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest, Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 12,1997
Page 6
Medium Duty Access Drives
(DI-3)
Flexible Base Rigid Pavement
3.0" Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete 6.0" Reinforced Concrete
8.0" Crushed Limestone* 8.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
8.0" Lime Stabilized Compacted Subgrade
* Plant mix, hot laid asphaltic base (black base) can be substituted on a ratio of one (1)
inch of black base equal to 1.5 inches of crushed limestone.
SITE DRAINAGE
It is recommended that site drainage be well developed. Surface water should be directed away
from the foundation soils (use a minimum slope of 5% within 10 feet of foundation). No
ponding of surface water should be allowed near the structure.
VEGETATION CONTROL
We recommend trees not be planted closer than half the canopy diameter of mature trees from
the grade beams, typically a minimum of 20 feet. This will minimize possible foundation
settlement caused by the tree root systems.
INSPECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION
The recommendations are based on the subsoils data in the field exploration and laboratory
testing. Due to the geological deposition of the soils in the area, variances may occur between
boring locations.
Therefore,the footing excavations should be inspected under the supervision of a geotechnical
engineer to confirm that the bearing soils are similar to those encountered in our field exploration
and that the footing areas have been properly prepared. The geotechnical engineer should be
immediately notified should any subsoil conditions be uncovered that will alter the conclusions
and recommendations contained in this report. Further investigation and supplemental
recommendations may be required if such a condition is encountered.
Prior to placement of concrete, the footings should be inspected to monitor that:
(1) The footing bears in the proper bearing strata at the depth recommended in this report.
(2) The footing shaft is to the proper dimensions and reinforced steel is placed as shown on
the structural drawings.
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Malouf Interest, Inc.
GET NO.: 97DG1146
May 12,1997
Page 7
(3) The footings are concentric with the shaft and the shaft has been drilled plumb within
specified tolerances.
(4) Excessive cutting, build up of cutting, and any other soft compressible materials have
been removed from the bottom of the excavations.
Samples of the subgrade soil and structural fill material should be obtained prior to compaction
operations for laboratory moisture/density testing (Proctor Tests). The tests will then provide
a basis for evaluating the in-place density requirements during compaction operations. A
qualified soil technician should perform sufficient in-place density tests during the filling
operations to verify that proper levels of compaction are being attained.
GENERAL
The information and recommendations contained in this report summarized conditions found at
the site specified, on the date that the field exploration and soil borings were drilled. The
attached boring logs are a true representation of the soils encountered at the specific boring
locations on the date of field drilling and represent the stratigraphy as found during the field
exploration and drilling of the subject site.
Reasonable variations from the subsurface information presented in this report are assumed. If
conditions encountered during construction are significantly different than those presented in this
report, GETI should be notified immediately.
In addition, the construction process may itself alter site soil conditions. Therefore, experienced
geotechnical personnel should observe and document the construction procedures and all
conditions encountered. We recommend that the owner retain Geoscience Engineering and
Testing, Inc. to provide this service as well as the Construction Materials and Testing and
Inspection required during the construction phase of the project. We would welcome the
opportunity to discuss our recommendations with you and hope we may have the opportunity to
provide any additional studies or services to complete this project.
The following illustrations are attached and complete this report.
Plate
Location Plans 1
Boring Logs 2 and 3
Symbols and Terms Used on Boring Logs 4
Assumptions For Pavement Analysis 5
Pavement Material Recommendations 6
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
Revised April 9, 1998
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Approximate Boring LOCATION PLAN
Locations
Proposed Shopping Center
Sandy Lake and Denton Tap
Road
Coppell, Texas
GET NO.: 97DG1146
NOT TO SCALE PLATE NO. 1
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
GEOTECHNICAL&MATERIALS ENGINEERS
LOG OF BORING
PROJECT NO.: 97DG1146
DRY AUGER: 0-25' DATE OF BORING: 04-28-97
% SHEAR STRENGTH
DEP. SOIL BLOW DESCRIPTION OF MOIS- DRY pass (TSF) LIQ-
IN PER SAMPLES STRATUM TURE DEN # 0 PENETROMETER -UID P.I.
FT. SYMBOL FT % pcf 200 • UNCONFINED LIMIT
COMPRESSION
B-1 0.5 1.0 1.5
1 Very Stiff Brown and Tan Sandy Clay- 15 0
2 Slickensided 12 0 47 29
3 13 0
4 Very Stiff Brown and Reddish Brown 13 O 35 19
5 Sandy Clay / 20 0
6 Soft to Stiff Gray and Tan Sandy Clay 21 0 42 24
7
8
9 V 20 0
10 — 22 111
11 Finn Dark Gray Sandy Clay-
12 Slickensided
13
14
15 21 98
16
17
18
19
20 0
21 22
22
23
24
25 43 0
DRY AUGER: 0-20' DATE OF BORING: 04-28-97
% SHEAR STRENGTH
DEP. SOIL BLOW DESCRIPTION OF MOIS- DRY pass (TSF) LIQ-
IN PER SAMPLES STRATUM TURE DEN # 0 PENETROMETER -UID P.I.
FT. SYMBOL FT % pcf 200 • UNCONFINED LIMIT
COMPRESSION
B-2 0.5 1.0 1.5
1 Very Stiff Brown and Tan Sandy Clay 11 0
2 Slickensided 14 0
3 20 0 36 19
4 16 0
5 Stiff to Very Stiff Gray and Tan Sandy 17 47 29
6 Clay 15 0
7
8
9 V 15 O
10 -' 16 111 • 0
11 Very Stiff Reddish-Brown and Light
12 Gray Sandy Clay -Slickensided with
13 Concrete
14
15 32 0
16
17
18
19
20 34 0
PLATE NO.: -2-
1 � �` a., 1
GEOTECHNICAL&MATERIAL ENGINEERS
LOG OF BORING
PROJECT NO.: 97DG1146
DRY AUGER: 0- 15' DATE OF BORING: 04-28-97
% SHEAR STRENGTH - �
DEP. SOIL BLOW DESCRIPTION OF MOIS- DRY pass (TSF) LIQ-
IN PER SAMPLES STRATUM TURE DEN # 0 PENETROMETER -UID P.I.
FT. SYMBOL FT % pcf 200 • UNCONFINED LIMIT
COMPRESSION
B-3 0.5 1.0 1.5 i
1 Very Stiff Brown and Tan Clay 18 Q
2 14 71 49
3 Very Stiff Gray Clay with Calcareous 17
4 Nodules 16 113 0 68 46
5 Very Stiff Gray and Tan Silty Clay 15 0
6
7 12 0
8 84 ; 18
9 13 0
10 15 111 • 0
11
12
13
14
15 — 18 _ 0
DRY AUGER: 0-05' DATE OF BORING: 04-28-97
SHEAR STRENGTH -
DEP. SOIL BLOW DESCRIPTION OF MOIS- DRY pass (TSF) LIQ-
IN PER SAMPLES STRATUM TURE DEN # 0 PENETROMETER -UID ; P.I.
FT. SYMBOL FT % pcf 200 -• UNCONFINED LIMIT
COMPRESSION
B-4 0.5 1.0 1.5
1 Stiff to Very Stiff Brown and Reddish 14 0 29 13
2 Brown Sandy Clay 15 0
3 16 0
4 Very Stiff Dad Gray Clay 21 0
5 23 _ 0 ,
DRY AUGER: 0-05' DATE OF BORING: 04-28-97
% SHEAR STRENGTH
DEP. SOIL BLOW DESCRIPTION OF MOIS- DRY pass (TSF) LIQ-
IN PER SAMPLES STRATUM TURE DEN # 0 PENETROMETER -UID P.I.
FT. SYMBOL FT % pcf 200 • UNCONFINED LIMIT
COMPRESSION
B-5 0.5 1.0 1.5
1 Very Stiff Brown and Reddish-Brown Clay 13 0 29 14
2 Very Stiff Dark Gray Clay Slickensided 20 0 64 43
3 with Sandy Pockets 22 0
4 16 0
5 16 0
PLATE NO.: -3-
KEY TO SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND SYMBOLS
SOIL TYPES
o p.0•, Gravel (GW,GP, Clayey Sand(SC) 4:i ::;:,i+:!j Sandy Silt(ML)
Pp, �'�� x11 e:`�
�•t.a�..t.�..;s
Sand(SW,SP) re a• Clayey Silt(ML) ///A (C)or Sandy Clay
;>::::•.;; Silty Sand (SM) 11111111111 Silt(ML) � Clay(CH)
CONSISTENCY OF COHESIVE SOILS RELATIVE DENSITY OF COHESIONLESS SOIL
Description Shear Strength-KSF Penetration Resistance Description Penetration Resistance Relative De-tsity . %
Blows/Ft Blows/Ft
Very Soft Less than 0.25 0 - 2 Very Loose 0 -4 0 - 15
Soft 0.25 -0.50 2 -4 Loose 4 - 10 15 -35
Firm 0.50 - 1.00 4 - 8 Medium Dense 10 -30 35 -65
Stiff 1.00 -2.00 8 - 15 Dense 30 -50 65 - 85
VeryStiff 2.00 -4.00 15 • 30 Very Dense > 50 85 -100
Hard Greater than 4.00 >30
SOIL STRUCTURE
CALCAREOUS NODULES - Nodules of Calcium Carbonate
FERROUS NODULES - Nodules of Ferrous Material
SLICKENSIDED - Having inclined planes of weakness that are slick and glossy
BLOCKY - Having inclined planes of weakness that are frequent and rectangular in pattern
LAMINATED - Composed of thin layers of varying soil type and texture
FISSURED - Containing shrinkage cracks frequently filled with fine sand
INTERBEDDED - Composed of alternate layers of different soil types
ISAMPLE SYMBOLS {-A N
Shelby Tube Standard Penetration Auger or Wash No Recovery
Sample Test Sample
GROUNDWATER
a (24 hr)-Water level after drilling (time increment after drilling)
I_ -Free water observed during drilling
FAILURE DESCRIPTION (COMPRESSION TEST)
B-Bulge SLS-Failure surface occuring along slickensided plane
S-Shear SAS-Failure surface occuring along or in sand seam
M/S-Multiple Shear SS -Failure surface occuring in or along other secondary
structure such as calcareous pockets
PLATE 4
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
ASSUMPTIONS FOR PAVEMENT ANALYSIS
1.0 Traffic Conditions - (National Crushed Stone Assoc.)
1.01 Parking Lots (DI-1)
Light traffic - Few vehicles heavier than cars.
No regular use by trucks.
Daily EAL = 5 or less
1.02 Parking Lots & Light duty Access Lanes (DI-2)
Medium-Light traffic - Maximum of 1,000 vehicles per day,
including not more than 10 percent two axle loaded trucks
or larger vehicles carrying light loads or empty.
Daily EAL = 6 to 20
1.03 Medium Duty Access Drives (DI-3)
Medium traffic - Maximum of 3,000 vehicles per day,
including not more than 10 percent two axle trucks or 1
percent heavy trucks with three or more axles.
Daily EAL = 21 to 75
2.0 Flexible Base Pavement
2.01 Saturated CBR of natural clay subgrade: 3
2.02 CBR of imported clay subgrade: 6
3.0 Rigid Pavement
3.01 Modulus of subgrade reaction: 100 pci
(imported clay subgrade)
3.02 Modulus of rupture: 500 psi at 7 days
(concrete)
PLATE NO. 5
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.
PAVEMENT MATERIAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1.0 Limestone Base - Base material shall be composed of crushed limestone meeting the
requirements of grade 1 in the Texas Department of Transportation(TexDOT) 1-993
Standard Specifications Item 247. The limestone shall be compacted to a minimum
of 95 percent of the maximum density as determined by the Modified
moisture/density relation (ASTM D 1557).
2.0 Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Surface Course (Class "A") - The asphaltic surface
course should be plant mixed, hot laid Type "D": (Fine Graded Surface Course) and
meet the requirements specified in TexDOT Item 340.
3.0 Asphalt Stabilized Base - Plant Mix - The asphaltic base should be plant mixed, hot
laid and meet the requirements specified in the TexDOT 1993 Standard Specifications
Item 345.
4.0 Concrete - The materials and properties of concrete shall meet the applicable
requirements in the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice. The concrete shall have a
minimum modulus of rupture of 500 psi at 7 days as per ASTM C 293. It is our
experience that concrete with a compressive strength of 3,000 psi should meet this
criteria. The mixture shall contain 3 to 5 percent entrained air.
PLATE NO. 6
GEOSCIENCE ENGINEERING AND TESTING, INC.