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SWM-PS 990803STEPS TO DEVELOP A MUNICIPAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PROGRAM FORUM AGENDA AUGUST 3, 1999 (8:30 a.m. — 12:00 p.m.) 8:30 — Sign -in and Registration 8:40 — Welcome and Explanation of EPA's Four Components Keith Kennedy, NCTCOG 8:50 — Explanation of TNRCC Program Steve Ligon, TNRCC 9:00 — Interdepartmental (13ooperation Shirin Yousuff, City of Fort Worth 9:20 —.Program Assessment Carol Stuewe, TNRCC 9:35 — BMP Identification Cornell Yancy, City of Grapevine Pippa Couvillion, City of Frisco 10:15 — Establishing Measurable Goals for BMPs, Jeff Rice, NCTCOG 10:30 — break 10:40 —Employee Training and Education Shirin Yousuff, City of Fort Worth 11:00 - Tentative Video 11:15 - BMP Implementation Leslie Calderon, NCTCOG 11:35 — Evaluation of BMP Performance and Open Discussion Dr. James Caffey, City of Arlington Forum adjourned at 12:00 p.m. Watershed Organization Name Storm Water Contacts in North Central Texas Title Phone Fax e-mail Cast t-orK City of Allen Dan Tracy Civil Engineer 972 - 727 -0167 972 - 727 -0165 dtracy @ci.allen.tx.us East Fork City of Balch Springs William McDonald* Director of Public Works 972 -557 -6095 972- 286 -7859 East Fork Collin County Ruben E. Delgado Director of Engineering 972 - 424 -1460 972 - 548 -3754 engineering @co.collin.tx.us East Fork City of Garland Philip Welsch* Storm Water Management 972 - 205 -2189 972 - 205 -2823 pwelsch @ci.gadand.tx.us East Fork City of McKinney David Simons* Civil Engineering Designer 972 - 542 -2676 972 - 542 -2506 dsimons @mckinneytexas.org East Fork City of Mesquite Matt Holzapfel, P.E.* City Engineer 972 - 216 -6353 972 - 216 -6360 mholzapf @ci.mesquite.tx.us East Fork City of Plano Kyle Odom* Environmental Health Specialist 972 - 941 -7143 972 - 941 -7142 kyleo @gwmail.plano.gov East Fork City of Plano Alan Upchurch City Engineer 972 - 941 -7152 972 - 941 -7397 alanu @gwmail.plano.gov East Fork City of Richardson Tom Moore* Environmental Health - Water 972 - 238 -4170 972 -644 -2618 tom moore@cor.gov Elm Fork Denton County Steve Rollins Q uarfi, 940 - 565 -8624 940 - 565 -5657 — East Fork City of Rockwall Chuck Todd Public Works Director /City 972 - 771 -7790 972 - 771 -7748 Engineer East Fork Rockwall County Bill Bell County Judge 972 - 882 -0240 972 - 882 -0247 East Fork City of Rowlett N. L. Stewart Director of Public Works 972 - 412 -6286 972 - 412 -6118 East Fork City of Sachse Gary Adams Building Official 972 - 495 -7600 972 - 495 -4104 East Fork TxDOT - Dallas District Jay McCurley* Environmental Quality Specialist 214 - 320 -6207 214 - 320 -6615 jmccurl @mailgw.dot.state.tx.us Elm Fork Town of Addison — ....___._....._.._...__. -- .- -- -- ..._.__.- .... -- Jim Pierce * Assistant City Engineer 972- 450 -2879 972 - 450 -2834 jpierce @ci.addison.bc.us Elm Fork City of Carrollton Scott Hudson Division Manager 972 -466 -3058 972 -466 -3175 shudson @ci.carrollton.tx Elm Fork City of Coppell Kent Collins Graduate Engineer 972 -304 -7019 972 - 304 -3570 kcollins @ci.coppell.tx.us Elm Fork City of Corinth Mike Fairfield Public Works Director 940 - 497 -2263 940 - 321 -5564 Elm Fork City of Denton Dale Hoelting Drainage Engineer /Fld Plain Adm. 940 -349 -7180 940 - 349 -7334 dehoelti @cityofdenton.com Elm Fork Denton County Steve Rollins Director of Planning 940 - 565 -8624 940 - 565 -5657 srollins @co.denton.tx.us Elm Fork Denton County Jack Wagner Director, Centralized Road & 940 - 565 -8690 940 - 565 -5620 Bridge Elm Fork City of Double Oak Richard Cook Mayor 972 - 539 -9464 972 - 539 -9613 Elm Fork City of Farmers Branch Jerry Murawski City Engineer 972 - 919 -2588 972 - 241 -6305 murawskj @ci.farmers - branch.tx.us Elm Fork Town of Flower Mound Robert Milton Director of Public Works 972 - 874 -3150 972 - 539 -2798 Elm Fork City of Frisco Gary Hartwell Public Works Director 972 - 335 -5520 972 - 335 -5559 Elm Fork City of Grapevine Cornell Yancy Engineering Drainage Coordinator 817 - 410 -3137 817- 410 -3003 Elm Fork Town of Hickory Creek Mike Milisavljevich Director of Public Works 940 - 497 -2528 940 - 497 -3531 * Member of the Regional Storm Water Management Coordinating Council August 2, 1999 Watershed Organization Name Title Phone Fax e-mail Elm Fork City of Highland Village Tim Huffman Street Superintendent 972 - 317 -1688 972 - 317 -0998 Elm Fork City of Irving Karen C. Siddall Drainage Utility Specialist 972 - 721 -2772 972.721.2592 publicworks @cityofduncanville.com Elm Fork City of Irving Diane Malas, Ph.D. Water Pollution Control 972 - 721 -2247 972 - 721 -2280 dmalas @ci.irving.tx.us Mainstem City of Hutchins Curly White Supervisor 972 - 369 -1300 972 - 225 -5559 Elm Fork City of Irving Mike Walter* Engineering Supervisor 972 - 721 -2789 972 - 721 -2592 mwalter @ci.irving.tx.us Elm Fork City of Lake Dallas Stewart Fairbum* City Manager 940 - 497 -2226 940 - 497 -4485 scf @ix.netcom.com Elm Fork City of Lewisville T.S. Kumar* Asst. City Engineer 972 - 219 -3492 972 - 219 -3487 kumar@cityoflewisville.com Elm Fork City of Southlake Charlie Thomas Deputy Director of Public Works 817 - 481 -5581 817 - 488 -6796 mpolley @ci.southlake.tx.us Elm Fork City of The Colony Pat Dunlap Public Works Director 972 - 625 -2741 972 - 624 -2298 Elm Fork City of University Park Gene R. "Bud" Smallwood Director of Public Works 214- 987 -5400 214 - 987 -5499 ........ .............. _.._....... . .... ..... _ ..... _._.. . ..... _._._..._......__...__.... — - - caffeyj @ci.arlington.bc.us Mainstem City of Cedar Hill --._-_ .._... ............. Charlie Hastings -- -- -- -- -- - ----- ......... _ _ - -- Project Engineer in Training -- - -------- ..... 972- 291 -5370 _ ..... 972 - 291 -5120 charlie.hastings@cedarhilltx.com Mainstem City of Cleburne Julie Winchell* Environmental Coordinator 817 - 645 -0961 817- 645 -0926 juliw @cleburne.net Mainstem City of Corsicana Connie Standridge City Engineer 903 - 654 -4884 903 -654 -4999 Mainstem City of Dallas Larry McDaniel* Manager, Storm Water 214- 670 -8141 214 - 670 -8047 Imcdanie @bigtex.ci.dallas.tx.us Management Mainstem Dallas County Public Dale Davidson Project Engineer 214 - 653 -6423 214 - 653 -6416 Works Mainstem City of Desoto Thomas Johnson* City Engineer 214 - 230 -9614 972 - 230 -5818 Mainstem City of Duncanville Dennis Schwartz* Director of Public Works 972 - 780 -5015 972 - 780 -5077 publicworks @cityofduncanville.com Mainstem Town of Highland Park Meran Dadgostar Town Engineer 214 - 559 -9384 214 - 559 -9335 Mainstem City of Hutchins Curly White Public Works Director 972 - 369 -1300 972 - 225 -5559 Mainstem City of Lancaster Jason Cosby Public Works Director 972 - 227 -6075 972 - 227 -7220 jcosby @airmail.net Maingtcm (itv of Ceonn..illo .yam.,, "m Berman .,6.. uciniaii .:___.__ Director of Operations 972- 287 -2050 972 -287 -3891 Mainstem City of Stephenville Danny Johnson Director of Public Works 254 - 918 -1223 254 - 918 -1207 djohnson @ci.stephenville.tx.us Mainstem City of Waxahachie Jeff Chambers Public Works Director 972 - 938 -2101 972 - 937 -5518 jhambers@waxahachie.com Mainstem City of Wilmer Harold Finch Public Works Director 972 - 441 -6373 972 - 441 -3194 _........ ._ ................_. West Fork . ... ....... _......._._._..........._ ... ...... ................ .................. _...................... City of Arlington ..._....._._.._.......__..__...._ ........... . ... _...._.......... - -.... _..._ .. ......... James E. Caffey, Ph.D., P.E. - _ . ...... _...... - .......... - .... .......... . .. _. . ...... I. ............... - ._... -- ..... . ..... Environmental Manager _....... ...... . .. - - .._..- - ....__..__..... 817 - 459 -6568 -- - ....... . ........... ............... . 817 -459 -6538 ........ .............. _.._....... . .... ..... _ ..... _._.. . ..... _._._..._......__...__.... — - - caffeyj @ci.arlington.bc.us West Fork City of Azle Mike Shingler* Director of Community 817 - 444 -2541 817 -444 -7149 mshingler @ci.azle.bc.us Development West Fork City of Bedford Ronald Sullivan Senior Engineer 817 - 952 -2246 817 - 952 -2240 West Fork City of Benbrook David R. Gattis, AICP* Assistant City Manager 817 - 249 -3000 817 -249 -0884 cityhall @ci.benbrook.tx.us West Fork City of Blue Mound Bill Harrison Mayor Pro Tern 817 -- 817 - 232 -0665 West Fork City of Burleson Kirk Barnes Environmental Services Manager 817 -447 -5400 817 - 426 -1906 kirktbarnes @hotmail.com * Member of the Regional Storm Water Management Coordinating Council August 2, 1999 Watershed Organization Name Title Phone Fax e-mail West Fork City of Colleyville Randell G. Brown Public Works Manager 817 - 540 -0609 817 -354 -0469 Randellb @flash.net West Fork City of Crowley Jim McDonald Public Works Director 817 - 297 -9771 817 - 297 -6178 West Fork City of Dalworthington Greg Shugart City Administrator 817 - 274 -7368 817 - 265 -4401 dwgctyhall @aol.com Gardens West Fork Town of Edgecliff Village Charles Talbot Director 817 - 293 -4313 817 - 293 -8726 West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork West Fork City of Euless City of Euless City of Everman City of Forest Hill City of Fort Worth City of Grand Prairie City of Haltom City City of Hurst City of Keller City of Kennedale City of Lake Worth Town of Lakeside City of Mansfield City of North Richland Hills Town of Pantego City of Richland Hills City of River Oaks City of Saginaw City of Sansom Park Tarrant County TxDOT - Fort Worth District City of Watauga Town of Westover Hills City of Westworth Village City of White Settlement Paul Kruckemeyer Andrea Baxter Earl Keaton Michael Duehring Gene Rattan* Lynn S. Hurley Greg Van Nieuwenhuize Jim Sparks Michael H. Barnes Michael Box Terry Highfill Bill Boomer David McCarver Gregory W. Dickens Ronald Gibson John Cherry Tommy Troutman Dolph Johnson Marvin Gregory Robert Berndt* Dean Tesmer* Johnnie Reagan Robert Ralph Nancy Tsavis Mark White City Engineer Assistant Director City Manager Director Environmental Manager Environmental Specialist City Engineer City Engineer Director of Public Works Director of Development Director of Public Works City Engineer Public Works Director Public Works Director Director Public Works Director Public Works Superintendent Public Works Director Superintendent Enviromental Specialist Environmental Quality Supervisor Director of Public Work & Parks Public Works Director Director Director of Public Works 817- 685 -1629 817 -685 -1646 817- 293 -0525 817 -534 -3591 817 - 871 -5463 972 - 237 -8058 817- 222 -7750 817 - 788 -7080 817 -431 -1055 817 -478 -5418 817- 237 -1211 817- 335 -5065 817 -473 -9371 817 - 581 -5521 817 -254 -1765 817- 595 -6629 817 - 626 -5421 817- 232 -4640 817- 626 -3791 817- 884 -2634 817- 370 -6627 817- 514 -5837 817 - 737 -3127 817 - 738 -3673 817 - 246 -4971 817- 685 -1617 817 -685 -1664 817 - 551 -7549 817 -534 -4207 817 - 871 -5464 972 - 237 -8228 817- 222 -7755 817 - 788 -7097 817 -431 -2051 817 -483 -0720 817- 237 -1333 817- 238 -9187 817 -477 -1416 817 -656 -7538 817- 265 -1375 817- 595 -6652 817- 624 -2154 817- 232 -9868 817- 624 -2258 817 -884 -1178 817- 370 -6759 817 -427 -0935 817- 737 -3130 817 - 738 -0535 817 - 246 -8761 rattang@ci.fort-worth.tx.us jcumming @ci.grand - prairie.tx.us enadept@flach. net kellerpw @gte.net dmccarver@mansfield-tx.com nrhpwadm @airmail.net djohnson @ci.saginaw.tx.us rberndt@tarrantcounty.com dtesmer@mailgw.dot.state.b(.us johnniereagan @ci.watauga.tx.us * Member of the Regional Storm Water Management Coordinating Council August 2, 1999 �R NEW Proposed Phase II y. 6 Minimum Measures • Public education and outreach on storm water impacts • Public involvement/participation One in a Series of Forums for the • Illicit discharge detection & elimination Regional Storm Water Management Program of North Central Texas • Construction site stormwater runoff control • Post- Irving Central Library Auditoriu construction stormwater management in new development & redevelopment August 3, 1999 • roiiu ion preventiontgood housekeeping for municipal operations Pollution Prevention /Good Housekeeping Pollution Prevention /Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations for Municipal Operations (cont.) • You must develop and implement a cost - effective EPA recommends that, at a minimum, operations and maintenance program to prevent or reduce you consider the following as pollutant runoff from municipal operations. components of your program: - Maintenance activity schedules • Provide employee training and inspections to reduce • Park and open space maintenance floatables and other pollutants • Storm drain system maintenance - Controls for reducing pollutants g p " s • Fleet maintenance from streets, parking lots, • Building management corporation yards, and solid waste s operations • Planning - Proper disposal of waste removed from storm drains - Assess water quality impacts of new flood control projects STEPS TO DEVELOP A MUNICIPAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING-P2 RO RAM STEPS TO DEVELOP A MUNICIPAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING P2R GRAM an77-- sta e & Street 8 Road Storm Sewer Rec din =Par Waste Flood Buildi k_Meintenance P.,. on Maintenance Y 9 Mainw Transfer I Control I Maintenance i Interdepartmental Cooperation ning and Education Plan Implementation Dlementation Phase STEPS TO DEVELOP A MUNICIPAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING P2ROGRAM Landsce e& Street &Road Stone Sewer R dm fleet Waste Flood Buildin Perk Maintenance Operations Maintenance 9 Maintenance Transfer Control Maintenance Interdepartmental Cooperation Plan Development -'� Phase STEPS TO DEVELOP A MUNICIPAL GOOD HOUSEKEEPING P2R GRAM .Canasta e 8 Street & Roed Storm Sewer Fleet r 7--' Flood Buildin Perk Maintenance Operations Maintenance Regdiny Maintenance Transfer Conhol Maintenance Plan Evaluation/ Modification Phase i Interdepartmental Cooperation i Establishing Measurable Goals for BMPs • Under Phase II, EPA requires "measurable goals" to be specified for each of the six minimum control measures • Permittees required to identify the BMPs and associated measurable goals in NOI • Meant to gage permit compliance and program effectiveness • "Measurable goals" unique to Phase If • EPA recognized that some Phase I management plans include similar provisions - inspection of a specific number of storm drains per year — stencil inn stnrm eirain inhnfc each nnrmif .sew - operate a permanent, year -round HHW facility MOST COMMONLY USED BMPs THROUGOUT THE REGION i8X O BB go% ■ H 0 68% 68Y. Ba% 64% 88% 68% ® G 6oX 60% 58% of 52% 52% E 0 MM ■0 no 13 U o cc ■ dd B H F G I K L M 0 0 U cc dd B Cohim llMerb ye-apingand ickingluplitterrequiarly. H Keep outside areas (dumpstens parking bra, etc.) free of trash and debris, and regularly dean them to revers lutars build F Label all storm drain InleLa on municipal rounds with 'No Durr ' message G Clean u Its Immodesty to minimize safety hazarda and deter Ili I Use absorbent for liquid ' wills and sweeping and m000lm to clean outside areas. K Use designated wash areas, preferably covered, to prevent contact with storm water. Berm wash area. or use other measures to contain wash water. L Property contain and dispose of clean materials ra towale absorbers materiels etc. M Cover fuel arses. O Pave fueling areas with concrete rather than asphah, or apply a sealant to protect asphalt from spilled fuels. O Ua. absorbent materials or smell iRs end for oral claeni rather then hors down the area. U Recycle reases dl 811iters arsitreez cleans adutbm bamerles and h rausc 8lransmleaon fluids. « Use lardscaping pesticides and fanilizers wtv as needed. rid Avoid over -water to revers ezces. runoff. Establishing Measurable Goals for BMPs • Measurable goal definition - The expected outcome for a minimum control measure or particular BMP expressed in a manner that can be evaluated or assessed (NCTCOG, 1999) • Concepts - month and year BMP fully implemented - frequency of proposed action - percentage reduction in usage of potential pollutants - percentage reduction in pollutants discharged • Examples - recycling program fully implemented by specified date - training of appropriate employees conducted annually - percentage reduction in annual pesticide use - percentage reduction in floatables discharged SELECTED CONTROL BMPs USED BY SURVEY RESPONDENTS BMP i BMP F Label all storm drain inlets on municipal grounds with 'No Dum i ' mewede G Claan u sills Immedia l to minimize safe hazards end deter s ilgn . 1 Use absorbent for I' uid s ills and swell i and m in to clean outside areas. K Use designated wash areas, preferably covered, to prevent contact with storm water. Berm wash areas or use other measures to contain wash water. M Coverfuali areas O Pave fueling areas with concrete rather than asphah, or apply a sealant to protect es halt Proms illad fuels. O Use absorbent materiels or mop up small spills, and for general cleaning rather the hosing down the area. cc I Use landscaping pesticides and fertilizers onl as needed dd.. Avoid over- waterin to prevent excess runoff What New Programs Do You Need? • What's already being done? — Quantify current programs — Who manages these programs? • Define where gaps exist • Define which program elements are right for your community Setting the Right Course Takes Time To... • Conduct a thorough evaluation of options • Involve the public and build consensus • Make organizational adjustments, if needed • Get funding mechanisms in place • Build the framework for regional solutions The sooner you start, the sooner you'll see results. Why Get Started Now? After all... • Phase II Rule is not finalized • Tool box is not developed • NPDES permitting authorities (i.e. TNRCC) have not defined additional requirements • Permitting time line seems like a long way_ off (no immediacy) EPA Expected Costs of Proposed Phase ll Implementation First Permit Cycle Percentage of Low End of Per High End of Per Municipalities Capita Costs Capita Cosa Expected to Incur ($ per Capita) ($ per Capita) Measure: Costs ( %) Public Education 39 $0.02 $0.34 Illicit Discharge Detection and 90 $0.04 $2.61 Elimination Post Construction Storm Water 4 $1.09 $1.09 Management re J S S E Environmental Protection Workshop for Supervisors: Do y2u know the correct answer, to these? 1. Can liquid paint go in the trash? 2. Is it okay to wash city vehicles with soapy water over a storm drain? 3. Who is contacted if there is a large ( >25 gallons) spill on the ground? 4. Can absorbent with auto fluids be disposed of in the trash? 5. Why must you never wash auto fluids and other chemicals down storm drains? 6. How is the information from the "Workplace Chemical List" used? 7. Why is it important to keep a current MSS binder' ? 8. Where do you pickup drums for storing hazardous &; regulated wastes? 9. How do you arrange for disposal of your hazardous and regulated wastes? Good Housekeeping & Stormwater Protection Topics Covered by the City of Fort Worth: What a hazardous waste is and how to identify them Smart chemical management principles m' How to manage specific wastes that can contribute to storm water pollution What to do if there is a chemical spill at a city facility how to minimize use and disposal of hazardous wastes The City's Storm Water Quality Program ar Evidence of stormwater pollution ar Best Management Practices Disposal of household chemical waste What Is Considered A "Hazardous Waste "? A waste is a discarded material that cannot be directly used in another process, and that must be disposed of or recycled. A hazardous waste is a waste with one or more of the following characteristics: ♦ Ignitable- chemicals that can be easily set on fire (flashpoint of less than 14F) ♦ Corrosive- acids and bases (pH of 2 or less or pH of 12.5 or higher) ♦ Reactive- normally unstable, or reacts violently with water, or is a sulfide or cyanide bearing waste that generates toxic gases ♦ Toxic - poisonous if eaten, inhaled, or absorbed through the sidn ♦ Listed Hazardous Wastes- a list of known hazardous wastes in provided in 40 CFR 261, Subpart D 9/15/98 Product Labels A product's label is the most important way to find out about a product's hazards (if there are any). Always read the label before you move, handle, or open a chemical container. A label can tell you the following: ' The identity of the chemical, and what "chemicals" are contained in the product The name and address of the company that manufactured or imported the chemical ' The chemical's health hazards ' Storage and handling instructions Protective clothing, equipment, and procedures If a label is removed from a container, be sure to re- attach it. or write the contents on the container! 100A Material Safety Bata Sheets Almost every chemical whether it is a hand cleaner or a pesticide has a'Material Safety Data Sheet., It is important that when a chemical is purchased an MSDS accompanies the package. An MSDS provides all the information you need to know about how to properly store, use, and dispose of a chemical. If the product's label does not provide adequate information, always refer to the M5D5. If you can not locate the MSD5, call the manufacturer (their number is usually on the product's label) They can fax you one. Always be sure to have the latest version of the product's M50S. Product formulations may change. Information provided on an MSDS includes: Section I: Supplier's Information Section II: Hazardous Ingredients /Identity Information Section III: Physical /Chemical Characteristics Section IV: Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Section V: Reactivity Data Section VI: Health Hazard Data Section VII: Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Section VIII: Control Measures 9/15/98 2 Smart Chemical Management Principles • Only buy the amount you need what you need and can reasonably use! • Always ask yourself - "Is there a less hazardous alternative product that I can use that will be safer to use and that will not create a disposal problem ?" • Make sure you have an MSDS for each chemical used • Make sure each product is properly labeled! • Flammable chemicals should be stored in a fire proof cabinet, away from corrosive and toxic chemicals • The best way to get rid of a product is to use it up!! If you can't use it, find someone who can • Don't store incompatible chemicals together (see attached list) • Always make sure chemicals are stored in containers that are compatible with the product • If you must dispose of a product, call Environmental Management Wastes That Can't Go In The Trash (Note: these are also referred to as "REGULATED WASTES ") 9/15/98 3 Disposal of Paint and Thinner Waste Hazardous Wastes that Non Hazardous Wastes: n Ua be Wastes: Hazardous: Solvent based Painting tools Latex paints paints (alkyd (rollers, brushes, (water based) or oil based) rags, drop cloths, etc.) Solvents and Blasting abrasive Latex paint thinners "wash" without any solvent Lead paint chips 8 How to Manage Used Oil Used oil is not considered a hazardous waste by the TNRCC, but it is still regulated by the state under 30 TAC Chapter 324. Used oil is easy and inexpensive to manage. Some key rules to follow are: 0 Containers used to store used oil must be good condition. Drums are provided by the city's used oil recycler, but do not accept any dented or corroded drums for storing the oil; *The drums that are used must be labeled the words 'USED OIL" with letters 3" tall; • The recycler will transport the used oil from your site. You are not permitted to transport more than 55 gallons of used oil without registering with the state as a used oil transporter; • Never dump used oil on the ground or down the drain. Contact Environmental Management if you spill 25 gallons or more of used oil onto land or any amount that creates a sheen in water; *Always store drums of used oil on pallets; and • Make sure any amount of used oil you accumulate is shipped out in 30 days or less (month to month at least). 9 9/15/98 4 How to Manage Used Oil cost. • Always store used oil in open top 55 gallon UN approved drums tanks designed for storing used oil 0 Used oil and filters shipped to the recycler using a bill of lading or similar shipping document. Please forward the originals to Environmental Management, and keep a copy for your records. *There must be sufficient spill equipment to handle a spill of at leas gallons f every 55 gallon drum of oil and filters. • Never mix used oil with other auto fluids, except: -t transmission and hydraulic fluids, MOTOR MOTOR -> petroleum based nonhazardous lubricating fluids, OIL OIL O t� -► hydraulic, cutting, gear and cooling oils, and IOW-40 10w -30 -� synthetic oils Used oil mixed with other wastes or auto fluids can't be recycled and may have to be handled as hazardous waste! to How to Manage Used Oil Filters As with used oil, used oil filters are easy to manage. They are not considered a hazardous waste stream, but they are still regulated by the state under 30 TAC Chapter 330. The rules for managing used oil filters are as follows: • Used oil filters including filter components cannot be disposed of in municipal landfills. • Containers used to store used oil filters must be in good condition and not leaking or rusted • Used oil and filters shipped to the recycler using a bill of lading or other similar document. Please forward the originals to Environmental Management, and keep a copy for your records. These documents must be retained for at least three years. • The drums that are used must be labeled the words 'USED OIL FILTERS' with letters 3" tall 9/15/98 5 Managing Lead Acid Batteries The EPA and TNRCC require spent lead acid (auto) & gel cell batteries to be recycled or returned to the manufacturer order to exempt them from the hazardous waste regulations. Lead acid batteries are prohibited from the landfills and incinerators, largely because of their large lead content. Some wise practices for managing lead acid batteries are: =* DO NOT place batteries in the dumpster => Defective batteries and those still under warranty should be returned to the supplier for credit Where ever possible, store batteries to be recycled indoors in a designated area Place batteries on wooden pallets, one battery high only Keep neutralizing caustic available in the event a battery le acid and call Environmental Management for clean -up. Designated Waste Storage Areas Each division /section at a city property should have its own waste storage area. Additionally, a different waste storage container should be used for each waste stream unless you are permitted to combine different wastes by DEM. Each waste storage area should be located in an area where: There is controlled traffic The division /section responsible for the area can control who deposits waste A bobtail truck can sample, and remove the drums without interfering with the sites operations Note: If you generate a lot of waste (on average, more than 220 lbs /month at one address), you have many additional requirements. Environmental Management will provide additional training for staff at such locations as is needed. 9/15/98 6 Waste Storage Site Assessment by DEM As needed, OEM will go to each site that generates hazardous or other regulated wastes to ensure that wastes are being properly stored, and to make sure that there are adequate supplies to ensure the safe and complaint storage of the wastes. A "Waste Storage Site Assessment Form" will be completed, and a copy provided to the site supervisor so that he /she will know the corrective actions that must be taken. 14 What are Some Procedures that may Create a Spill or Release Outdoors? Some examples: • Consolidation of used motor oil in drums • Consolidation of waste fuels from city vehicles or planes • Application of pesticides /fungicides /outdoors • Painting processes • Changing machinery lubricant • Chlorinating City pools • Pumping gas or diesel Whenever you are engaged in one of these process, or any other similar procedure, please use caution to avoid a spill! Contaminated soil or grass is both labor intensive and expensive to remediate. The Department of Environmental Management can provide each site with spill response supplies for small spills. Please use these them. If you have spilled a toxic material, or a large quantity of a substance, please call the Fire Department at 922 -3000. They will secure the scene, and call Environmental Management for clean -up. 15 9/15/98 7 What is the Proper Procedure to Follow if there is a Spill? Small Spills (generally, non - reportable spills per TAB For spills or releases of automotive fluids onto land, departments may clean these upon their own. But, the waste from the spill (absorbent pads, kitty litter) should be handled as a hazardous waste. Contact Environmental Management (561 -3700) for waste pick -up. Large Spills (generally, reportable spills per TAC): For spills of larger than 25 gallons of an automotive fluid on land and /or water and spills of any quantity of a hazardous substance, or when in doubt, call the Fire Department at 911 (or 922- 3000). The Fire Department is called as the first responder to secure the scene. They may then contact the Environmental Management Spill team to handle the clean up. If you are ever in doubt about the substance that has spilled, call 911! 16 Absorbent with Auto Fluids (oil, gasoline, antifreeze, & others) is a Class I waste - it can't go in the trash! Contact DEM for disposal at X8504. ,IIIIj� Remember! )I: Il�! Absorbent i+ i with Auto Fluids Cannot go in �•� the Trash. Place it in WIs this special drum Used OiI j <= / Absort>�tt re..— 9/15/98 N. Waste Minimization Strategies More often than not, any process or procedure where chemicals are used can benefit from waste minimization. Ask yourself the following questions: • Is there a less hazardous chemical that I can use? • Am I buying only the quantity I need? • Can another department or division use any leftover product? • Can a waste be recycled and used on site in another process? • Am I doing everything I can to reduce the volume and toxicity of the waste produced in my processes? j a4F* O 1s 0 Look for Less Hazardous Chemical Alternatives There are certain key words on a product's label (required by federal regulations) that will tell you if it is hazardous or not: Danger: A product with this word on its label indicates a high degree of exposure hazard. A taste to a teaspoon full of this product could be fatal. Example: pesticides and drain cleaners. Warning: A product with this word on the label is dangerous, but less so than one with 'danger" on its label. Example: cleaning products Caution: Products with caution on their label are less hazardous than those with 'warning' or danger,' but can be fatal if a large enough dose in ingested. Example: Non -toxic cleaners A smart practice is to buy read a product's label and determine whether it is hazardous. If one of the above words appear on the label, see if there is another product that is less hazardous. 'O'Remember, if it's hazardous to you, it's hazardous (and therefore, very expensive) to dispose of 19 9/15/98 9 Look for Less Hazardous Chemical Alternatives, cont. Another smart strategy is to AVOID products that fall into one or more of these categories: ♦ Chlorinated Compounds: such as "trichloroethane" or "methylene chloride ". Look for the prefix "chloro -" on the label; ♦ Aerosols: Spraying causes the contents of a container to:be:broken down into small particles that can be inhaled. While sprays drC,1 dick and easy to apply, they are hard to focus. This causes clou�l�f4he aerosol to spread to nearby surfaces. =�`�, f'."I P Y ... ♦ Sodium Hydroxide or Lye: These are caustic substances "that can- cause severe burns. They are often found in drain openers";_; ♦ Phenols: These are toxic to the skin and if ingested, can,; se your circulatory system to fail ♦ Petroleum distillates: These are compounds extracted from crude oil. They are flammable and often found in solvents. zo Smart Paint Management Reduces Waste! • Buy only the amount you need. Reducing waste at its source is the best way to avoid having to deal with leftover paint disposal. • If You store paint properly it will last for years. Paint manufacturers suggest that painters cover paint can openings with plastic wrap and make sure the lid is tightly secured, then store the paint can upside down to create a tight seal around the lid to keep paint fresh. ° Leftover paint should be used up. Properly stored paint can be used for touch -up jobs and smaller projects. Smaller quantities of similar colors of latex paint can be blended and mixed for use as a primer on larger jobs. • Leftover point can be donated or exchanged. bo you know another painter who may need some point? Is there a small amount of a certain color you need? Try contacting another city painter who you can exchange with. It will save you both money and time. zr 9/15/98 10 What does the Water Quality Division Do? The Department of Environmental Management Water Quality Division is responsible for maintaining and monitoring water quality in urban lakes, rivers, neighborhood creeks, and storm drains. Storm drain systems are designed to remove storm water runoff quickly from urban areas. In this part of the country, storm drain systems are separate from sewage systems, and untreated runoff flows directly to the nearest bodies of water. The Problem: Contaminated Storm Water Runoff Unfortunately, any pollutants such as pesticides, oil, and detergents that are present on urban land, streets, or other surfaces are carried along. This also means that anything a person might pour into or dispose of in a storm drain inlet goes directly into a body of water the next time it rains. 22 It is VERY IMPORTANT to protect storm drains from oo I I utants! 23 9/15/98 11 Unfortunately, any pollutants such as pesticides, oil, detergents, fuels (gasoline and diesel), and emulsified asphalt that are present on urban land, streets, or other surfaces are carried along with the rain. 2.1 9/15/98 12 Q. Is there just sand and mud going down storm drains, or are chemicals also entering them? A. 5ee below: This is a *passive skimmer "that was placed in a storm drain at an ESD facility. It selectively absorbs hydrocarbons (oil, grease) to reduce the amount washed down the drains. The brown areas are absorbent contaminated with pollutants. The skimmer had only been in use for 2 weeks. 26 To Help Avoid Stormwater Pollution Caused By Your Various Activities, We Recommend The Following "Best Management Practices" • Maintain all vehicles and heavy equipment. Inspect frequently for leaks, especially at 'deadlines." • Conduct all vehicle/equipment maintenance and refueling at one location— away from storm drains. • Use drip pans or drop cloths to catch drips and spills if you drain and replace motor oil, radiator coolant, or other fluids on -site. • Collect all used fluids, store in separate containers and recycle whenever possible. • Sweep up dry spilled materials immediately. Never attempt to bury them or "wash them away' with water. • Use and maintain curb inlet protection such as silt fencing, hay bales, oil absorbent boom, etc. • dean up spills on dirt areas by digging up and properly disposing of contaminated soil. • Report significant spills to the Fire Department. They will contact us to assist with the clean up as needed. • Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills immediate . • Cover stockpiles and excavated soil with secured tarps or plastic sheeting. 27 9/15/98 13 Pesticides are also a BIG problem in wastewater! The Problem: Traces of certain pesticides sometimes get into Fort Worth's sewer system, then they go through the treatment plant, and into the Trinity River. Unfortunately, these pesticides have been arriving at the Trinity River at levels high enough to harm the river's water quality! Village Creek Waste Water Treatment Plant is an award winning facility, but it was never designed to remove pesticides. The two pesticides of particular concern are: MALATHION $ DIAZINON What City of Fort Worth Employees Can Do To Help: ./Stop using either of this chemicals! If you have any at your facility, don't use it & complete a Hazardous Waste Disposal Request Form to have it disposed of. ./Never pour pesticides or allow rags, etc. with its residue to be washed down any sinks,tubs, or drains. ,(Avoid over - application of pesticides and over -spray onto pavement. 28 Information about the Environmental Collection Center 0 K/Ikr / w(nrniin � Pool rise _ _ Kill - -0- Weed Latin Point 29 9/15/98 14 Introducing: ' Captain Crudl What is the Environmental Collection Center? The City of Fort Worth has established a regional program to help people dispose of their household chemical wastes in an environmentally responsible manner. The Environmental Collection Center (ECC), located at 6400 Bridge Street in Fort Worth. It is open to residents of Fort Worth and participating cities on: • Thursdays and Fridays from 11 a.m. until 7 p.m. and on • Saturdays from 5) a.m. until 3 p.m. The number for the ECC information line is (817) 871 -5257. 30 9/15/98 15 Reducing Stormwater Pollution: A Guide for City of Fort Worth Employees Background Information Urban stormwater is one of the most significant sources of pollution in our nation's rivers and lakes„ Urban stormwater is the third largest source of impairment in lakes and fourth largest source of river damage. One of the reasons urban areas contribute so much pollution is that 63% of the US population lives in urban areas, which collectively account for only 2% of the nation's land area. Because of this problem, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit to cities with a population of over 100,000 people, such as the City of Fort Worth. This means that Fort Worth must closely control the amount of pollutants that enter the storm drain system. The City of Fort Worth Department of Environmental Management's Water Quality Division is responsible for maintaining and monitoring water quality in urban lakes, rivers, neighborhood creeks, and storm drains. Storm drain systems are designed to remove storm water runoff quickly from urban areas. In this part of the country, storm drain systems are separate from sewage systems, and untreated runoff flows directly to the nearest bodies of water. Unfortunately, any pollutants such as pesticides, oil, detergents, fuels (gasoline and diesel) or even emulsified asphalt that are present on urban land, streets, or other surfaces are carried along with the rain. Anything a person might pour or dump onto the ground or dispose of in a storm drain inlet goes directly into a body of water the next time it rains. c: stormwater guide 1 Revision: 3/99 Do we do anything now that helps reduce stormwater pollution ?? By implementing a number of street operation and maintenance activities, the Streets Division helps the City stay in compliance with our Stormwater Discharge (NPDES) Permit to "reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable." Some of the ways the Streets Division helps the City minimize pollutants in our storm drain system are: ♦ conduct-roadway spill cleanups (as required) ♦ street sweeping associated with seal coating projects conservative use of deicing salt in a 1:29 ratio ♦ cleaning of curb /drainage inlets ♦ cleaning of borrow ditches and channels Why Should We Implement "Best Management Practices" ? There are additional "best management practices" or "BMPs" that can be followed by divisions to further reduce pollutants that enter the City's storm drain system. Some of the activities that may contribute to stormwater pollution are: Soil excavation and grading operations often contribute to urban runoff pollution. By loosening large amounts of soil and sediment, earthmoving activities can cause sediment to flow into storm drains. Sediment is the most common pollutant washed from work sites, creating multiple problems once it enters local lakes, rivers, and streams. Sediment clogs the gills of fish, c: stormwater guide 2 Revision: 3/99 blocks light transmission and increases water temperature. This disturbs the food chain upon which both fish and people depend. Sediment also carries with it other work -site pollutants such as pesticides, cleaning solvents, cement wash, asphalt, and car fluids like motor oil, grease and fuel. Thus, poorly maintained vehicles and heavy equipment leaking fuel and oil at construction sites also contribute to stormwater pollution. To Help Avoid Pollution Caused By These Activities, We Recommend The Following "Best Management Practices" • Avoid excavation and grading activities during wet weather. Schedule excavation and grading work for dry weather. • Use as little water as possible for dust control. • Maintain all vehicles and heavy equipment. Inspect frequently for leaks. • Conduct all vehicle /equipment maintenance and refueling at one location —away from :storm drains. • Perform major maintenance, repair jobs, and vehicle /equipment washing off -site. • Use gravel approaches where truck traffic is frequent to reduce soil compaction and limit -the tracking of sediment into streets. • Use drip pans or drop cloths to catch drips and spills if you drain and replace motor oil, radiator coolant, or other fluids on -site. • Collect all used fluids, store in separate containers and recycle whenever possible. • Do not use diesel oil -to lubricate equipment or parts. • If gasoline or diesel is used to wash out asphalt from truck beds, please make every effort to collect the solvents for disposal. Or, use a less hazardous chemical such as D -TAR for removal of asphalt. • Sweep up dry spilled materials immediately. Never attempt to bury them or "wash them away" with water. • Use and maintain curb inlet protection such as silt fencing, hay bales, oil absorbent boom, etc,) • Clean up spills on dirt areas by digging up and properly disposing of contaminated soil (Call Environmental Management at 871 -5468 for disposal assistance). c: stormwater guide 3 Revision: 3/99 • Report significant spills to the Fire Department. They will contact us to assist with the clean up as needed. • Clean up leaks, drips, and other spills immediately. • Never hose down "dirty" pavement or surfaces where materials have spilled. Use dry cleanup methods whenever possible. • Construct diversion dikes to channel runoff' around the site. Line channels with grass or roughened pavement to reduce runoff velocity. • Cover stockpiles and excavated soil with secured tarps or plastic sheeting. Questions? Call Environmental Management's Storm Water Quality Division at 871 -5451. c: stormwater guide 4 Revision: 3/99 Monitoring Program Delivery Systems May Involve • Strategic planning • Comprehensive planning • Tracking the number of capital projects implemented • Determining actual maintenance frequencies and production rates Monitoring Program Delivery Systems May Involvf; • Linking goals to outcomes in program evaluation methods • Measuring regulatory compliance • Achieving public participation goals Evaluation of Quantifiable Outputs • Set a goal - number of samples, percent of responses within 24 hours. arrive at spills within one hour • Apply manpower to an operations strategy • Measure or count successes out of total • Compare against goal • Reset goal, revise strategy or adjust resources Monitoring Program Effectiveness Includes Physical measurements that determine how well the program is meeting its goals. Common steps involve: • Stream gauging and water quality sampling • Channel bank erosion monitoring • Fish habitat/population monitoring • Sediment deposition monitoring More Specific Measure • East Bouldin Creek, Austin, Texas • Most polluted creek in Austin • Implemented non - structural and educational best management practices • To evaluate effectiveness. historical data was used to select two baseline watersheds • Ambient water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate data .vas collected for statistical comparison Evaluating Public Involvement and Education Programs • Operation: Water Works conducted by the City of Olympia. Washington, and partners • Assessment of how effective the program has been at reducing threats to the environment from business sources • Analyzed the projects activities and outcomes • How well the goals set were achieved Levels of Evaluative Evidence Inputs (staff and volunteer time, money and materials) that contribute directly to the delivery of the activities (educational involvement) Reactions of targeted at certain participants Personal reactions Contribute to participants acquiring new Knowledge. Attitudes, Skills and /or Aspirations Levels of Evaluative Evidence • Changes in KASA then lead to practice changes • These changes in behavior produce the hoped -for end result TABLE OF CONTENTS Storm Water Phase II Proposed Rule Fact Sheet Series: Pollution Prevention /Good Housekeeping Minimum Control Measure Flow Chart: Steps to Develop A Municipal Good Housekeeping P2rogram Pollution Prevention for Municipal Operations Best Management Practices (BMPs) For Municipal Operations Useful References Case Studies United States Office of Water Environmental Protection (4203) Agency EPA 833 -F -99 -010 April 1999 Fact Sheet 2.8 � EPA Storm Water Phase II Proposed Rule Storm Water Phase II Propsed Rule Facia Sheet Series Overview 1.0 - Storm Water Phase II Proposed Rule Overview Small MS4 Program 2.0 - Small MS4 Storm Water Program Overview 2.1- Who's Covered? Deskination and Waivers of Regulated Small MS4s 2.2 - Urbanized Areas: Definition and Description Aitrunwn Cotarol Areasures 2.3 - Public Education and Outreach Minimum Control Measure 2.4 - Public Participation/ Involvement Minimum Control Measure 2.5 - lAiat Discharge Detection and Elimination Minimum Control Measure 2.6 - Construction Site Runoff Control Minimum Control Measure 2.7 - Post - Construction Runoff Control Minimum Control Measure 2.8 - Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping Minimum Control Measure 2.9 - Permitting and Reporting: The Process and Requirements 2 "pderal and State -Owned -ogram Implementation C ction Program 31 rstruction Program Ow, V kWv trial "No Exposure" 4.0 - Conditional No Exposure Exemption for Industrial Activity Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping Minimum Control Measure This fact sheet is based on the Stonn Water Phase 11 Proposed Rule. Therefore, the infonnation provided herein is subject to change upon publication of the final Phase 11 rule in November 1999. A revised series of fact sheets will be provided at that titne. A comprehensive list of the current fact sheets is in the text box at left. This fact sheet profiles the proposed Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations minimum control measure, one of six measures the owner or operator of a Phase II regulated small municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) would be required to include in its storm water management program to meet the conditions of its National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. This fact sheet outlines the Phase H Proposed Rule requirements and offers some general guidance on how to satisfy them. It is important to keep in mind that the small MS4 owner or operator would have a great deal of flexibility in choosing exactly how to satisfy the minimum control measure requirements. Why Is Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping Necessary? The Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for municipal operations minimum control measure is a key element of the proposed regulated small MS4 storm water management program. This measure would require that the small MS4 owner or operator examine and subsequently alter their own actions to help ensure a reduction in the amount and type of pollution that (1) collects on streets, parking lots, open spaces, and storage and vehicle maintenance areas and is discharged into local waterways; and (2) results from actions such as environmentally damaging land development and flood management practices or poor maintenance of storm sewer systems. While this measure is meant primarily to accomplish the goal of improving or protecting the quality of receiving waters by altering the performance of municipal or facility operations, it also can result in a cost savings for the small MS4 owner or operator, since proper and timely maintenance of storm sewer systems can help avoid repair costs from damage caused by age and neglect. What Is EPA Proposing? Re cognizing the benefits of pollution prevention practices, the proposed rule would require an owner or operator of a regulated small MS4 to: ❑ Develop and implement an operation and maintenance program with the ultimate goal of preventing or reducing pollutant runoff from municipal operations into the storm sewer system; ❑ Include employee training on how to incorporate pollution prevention/good housekeeping techniques into municipal operations such as maintenance of parks and open spaces, fleets, buildings, and storm water systems, as well as land development planning. To minimize duplication of effort and conserve resources, the MS4 owner or operator cguld use training materials that are available from EPA, their State or Tribe, or relevant organizations; ❑ Determine the appropriate best management practices (BMPs) and measurable goals for this minimum control measure. Some program implementation approaches, BMPs (i.e., the program actions/activities), and measurable goals are suggested below. Fact Sheet 2.8 — Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping Minimum Control Measure Page 2 What Are Some Guidelines for Developing and Implementing This Measure? The intent of this control measure is to ensure that existing municipal or facility operations are performed in the most appropriate way as to minimize contamination of storm water discharges. EPA encourages the small MS4 owner /operator to consider the following components when developing their program for this measure: What Would Be Appropriate Measurable Goals? Measurable goals, which would be required for each minimum control measure, are meant to help gauge permit compliance and program effectiveness. The measurable goals, as well as the BMPs, would greatly depend on the needs and characteristics of the owner /operator and the area served by its small MS4. The measurable goals should be chosen using an integrated approach that would fully address the requirements and intent of the minimum control measure. An integrated approach for this minimum measure could include the following measurable goals: Maintenance activities, maintenance schedules, and Target Date long -term inspection procedures for structural and non- 1 year............ structural controls to reduce floatables and other pollutants discharged from the separate storm sewers; Controls for reducing or eliminating the discharge of pollutants from areas such as roads and parking lots, maintenance and storage yards (including salt/sand storage and snow disposal areas), and waste transfer stations. These controls should include programs that promote recycling (to reduce litter), minimize pesticide use, and ensure the proper disposal of animal waste; Procedures for the proper disposal of waste removed from the separate storm sewer systems and the areas listed in the bullet above, including dredge spoil, accumulated sediments, floatables, and other debris; and Ways to ensure that new flood management projects assess the impacts on water quality and examine existing projects for incorporation of additional water quality protection devices or practices. EPA encourages coordination with flood control managers for the purpose of identifying and addressing environmental impacts from such projects. The effective performance of this control measure hinges on the proper maintenance of the BMPs used, particularly for the first two bullets above. For example, structural controls, such as grates on outfalls to capture floatables necessitate that the outfalls be cleaned out regularly, while non - structural controls, such as training materials and recycling programs, need to be updated periodically. 2 years.......... 3 years.......... 4 years.......... Contact Activity Pollution prevention plan (the new BMPs and revised procedures) completed; employee training materials gathered or developed; procedures in place for catch basin cleaning after each storm and regular street sweeping Training for appropriate employees completed; recycling program fully implemented Some pollution prevention BMPs incorporated into master plan; a certain percentage reduction in pesticide and sand/salt use; maintenance schedule for BMPs established A certain percentage reduction in floatables discharged; a certain compliance rate with maintenance schedules for BMPs; controls in place for all municipal/facility areas of concern For Additional Information Ow U.S. EPA Office of Wastewater Management • Phone: 202 260 -5816 • E -mail: SW2 @epa.gov • Internet: www.epa.gov /owm/sw2.htm Reference Documents ow Storm Water Phase H Proposed Rule Fact Sheet Series. • Contact the U.S. EPA Water Resource Center at 202 260 -7786 or at waterpubs @epa.gov • Internet: www.epa.gov /owm/sw2.htm ow Storm Water Phase II Proposed Rule, published on Jan. 9, 1998 in the Federal Register (63 FR 1536). • Internet: www.epa.gov/owm/sw2.htm Landscape & Park Street & Road Storm Sewer Recycling Fleet Waste Flood Building Maintenance Operations Maintenance Maintenance Transfer Control Maintenance EPA's 4 Recommended Components of a Good Housekeeping P2rogram • Maintenance activities, maintenance schedules and long term inspection procedures • Controls for reducing or eliminating the discharge of pollutants • Procedures for the proper disposal of waste • Ways to ensure that new flood management projects address the water quality impacts Interdepartmental Cooperation 11 Program Assessment 11 II BMP Identification II his. co Establish Measurable Goals for BMPs U U Z (� Employee Traininq and Education II BMP Implementation II I Evaluation of BMP Performance LEGEND F=-] Plan Development Phase Plan Implementation Phase Plan Evaluation/ Modification Phase GROUNDS MAINTENANCE Areas where building or grounds maintenance is conducted can contribute contaminated runoff when measures have not been taken to prevent discharges. The overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, over - watering and inadequate erosion control may result in an illegal discharge. • Utilize native vegetation to reduce water, fertilizer or pesticide needs. • Use landscaping pesticides and fertilizers only as needed. • Avoid over - watering to prevent excess runoff. • Use integrated pest management (IPM) where appropriate. • Sweep paved surfaces, rather than hosing down or using blowers. • Do not dispose of grass clipping and leaves by dumping them into the storm drain. • Properly contain and dispose of wash water, sweepings and sediments. • Use non -toxic substitutes for chemicals when possible. • Regularly inspect and clean storm drains, also stencil inlets with "No Dumping ". • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Control litter by sweeping and picking up trash on a regular basis. • Educate employees on pollution measures. SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES • Have the pH and fertility of your soil tested. Your soils may not require any fertilizer. If fertilizer is required, follow the recommendations on the container. Test your soil for degree of compaction. Relatively well compacted soils are unhealthy for plants and can convey as much runoff as pavement. To test for degree of soil compaction, try advancing a screwdriver into the ground without pounding. If the screwdriver does not penetrate easily, the soil is relatively well compacted. • Aerate well- compacted soil with a hand or mechanical corer. Do not use spike -type rollers: these actually make compaction worse. Examine soil texture and drainage. Neither very sandy nor heavy clay soils provide a good foundation for lawns or other plantings. To examine soil texture, squeeze a handful of soil into a ball. If the soil remains in a clump, it has too much clay. In general, soil with a good texture will stay somewhat spongy. If the soil is too sandy, add compost or other organic matter to hold nutrients and prevent leaching. If the soil has too much clay, add organic matter and sandy loam for coarseness. Mixing sand with clay will produce a soil similar to concrete. 4 POLLUTION PREVENTION FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS The following excerpt was taken from the Natural Resource Defense Council's Report on Storm Water Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution, Chapter 5. A wide range of municipal operations can affect storm water quantity and quality. The Natural Resource Defense Council's (NRDC) case studies reveal that some local governments have been able to manage their municipal operations to make a significant positive contribution to reducing storm water pollution. Successful storm water strategies address areas of municipal activity in a variety of ways. First, a number of municipal services primarily provided for other purposes can curb storm water pollution. Street sweeping, collection of leaves and other yard waste, collection and recycling of used oil or other substances, and general trash control all keep contaminants out of urban runoff. Improvement or expansion of such programs significantly assist storm water pollution prevention, and because people want these programs, builds support for the broader issue of storm water management. Second, municipalities engage in a number of activities that directly cause storm water pollution. They operate and maintain vehicle fleets of municipal buses, police cars, and garbage trucks. These vehicles emit into the atmosphere nitrogen and particulates which will eventually end up on the ground and then in the storm water. These vehicles also deposit oil, grease, and metals onto roads and parking lots. Municipalities apply pesticides and fertilizers to municipal parks, cemeteries, highway rights -of -way, and golf courses. Municipalities can include storm water control requirements in all contracts for construction work and other contracts where such provisions are relevant. Most simply (and a very common action), timely maintenance of vehicles reduces the amount of oil, grease and metals left on roads and parking lots. More dramatically, municipal fleets can be converted to low- emission or zero - emission vehicles powered by natural gas, electricity, or other energy sources to reduce emissions and thus deposition of nitrogen and particulates. A number of municipalities reduce or even eliminate the use of artificial pesticides and fertilizers by employing sound landscaping practices such as planting native species and using integrated pest management (IPM). Third, municipalities often manage some type of storm sewer or storm drain system; how they do so can make the difference between simply moving the water to another place and successfully addressing storm water pollution. For example, if catchbasins are not properly cleaned, the materials that collect in them - sediment, trash and other storm water contaminants — can be resuspended in storm water during a storm and eventually flow into a stream or waterbody. Local governments have found effective designing devices to reduce velocity using vegetated swales to facilitate infiltration and purify storm water runoff, or using preserved natural areas to store or convey storm water. Fourth, training and education efforts that target municipal officials and agency personnel have also proven to be important. Park and utility workers educated in integrated pest management, fertilizer use, and composting; fleet workers educated in fluid disposal; construction workers educated in erosion controls — all these have made noticeable differences in the storm water impacts of municipal operations. In municipalities constrained by human resources, programs that provide training or certification for non - government personnel, such as citizen construction site or storm drain and outfall inspections have proven effective. Furthermore, NRDC case studies demonstrate that a well- trained and informed staff improves interactions with the community, raising community awareness, improving credibility, and setting positive examples for the community. Finally, although no local government surveyed had a full program in this area, several local government officials strongly recommend that periodic environmental audits would make any program far more successful. A broad -based audit would be particularly useful regarding problems such as storm water that reflects a cumulation of numerous minor problems. With environmental audits becoming more popular in industry, methods for such audits of local governments should be fairly readily available. Some Common Municipal Operations: • Street sweeping • Leaf and yard waste collection • Recycling and household waste collection • Building maintenance • Fleet maintenance • Grounds maintenance • Parks, public grounds and golf course maintenance • Snow and ice control • Waste management and disposal • Catchbasing cleaning • BMP selection, monitoring and maintenance • Training of municipal officials and agency personnel • Certification of non-government personnel National Resource Defense Council, Report on Storm Water Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution, Chapter 5. http://www.nrdc.ora/nrdci)ro/storm/ChaD5.htmi 2 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) FOR MUNICIPAL ACTIVITIES BMPs are defined as general good housekeeping practices, schedules of activities, pollution prevention techniques, educational practices, maintenance procedures, prohibitions of practices and other management practices. BMPs also include treatment practices, operating procedures, and practices to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or water disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. BMPs FOR THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES: Building Maintenance • Floors and Outside Impervious Surfaces p. 5 • Parking p.6 • Trash Bins p. 6 Fleet Maintenance • Vehicle and Equipment Operation, Maintenance and Repair p. 7 • Vehicle and Equipment Fueling p. 7 • Vehicle Washing Facilities p. g Grounds Maintenance • Soil Management Practices P. 9 • Pesticide, Herbicide and Fertilizer Application P. 10 • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) P. 11 Materials Loading, Unloading, Handling and Storage P. 19 • Cleaning Rags p. 12 • Drum and Barrel Containers p. 13 • Spills and Leaks p. 13 -14 Storm Drains and Discharge Points p.20 • Grates and Basins p. 15 Training and Education p. 16 Waste Management and Disposal • Waste Fluids p. 18 • Antifreeze p. 18 • Aqueous Cleaner P. 19 • Brake Fluid P. 19 • Oil P. 19 • Paints p.20 • Recycling p.20 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY City of Arlington Parks and Recreation Department, Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance Program, National Park Service and the North Central Texas Council of Governments, Creek Care Guide For Residents and Businesses, 1999. San Diego County Storm Water Management Program, Business Best Management Practices. http: / /www.co.san- diecio. ca.us /cnty /cntydepts /landuse %nv health /stormwater /business.html Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Preventing Nonpoint Source Pollution: A Guide to Pollution Prevention for Small Businesses, GI- 241 /GBEP T -2, June 1998. University of Missouri Outreach & Extension Office of Waste Management, Pollution Solutions: Waste Reduction Assistance for Business, Common P2 Methods. http: / /outreach.missouri.edu /polsol/ 4 BUILDING MAINTENANCE Areas where building maintenance, repair, remodeling and minor construction are conducted can contribute contaminants to runoff when measures have not been taken to prevent discharges. • Use soil erosion control techniques if bare ground is temporarily or permanently exposed. • Enclose painting operations, consistent with local air quality operations. • Properly store and dispose of waste materials generated from the activity. • Properly store materials that are normally used in repair and remodeling such as paints and solvents. • Sweep paved surfaces, rather than hosing down or using blowers. • Properly contain and dispose of wash water, sweepings and sediments. • Use non -toxic substitutes for chemicals when possible. • Regularly inspect and clean storm drains, also stencil inlets with "No Dumping" • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Control litter by sweeping and picking up trash on a regular basis. • Maintain good housekeeping practices while work is underway. • Train employees. Your success depends on an effective training Droaram. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF FLOORS AND OUTSIDE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES Contaminants from your facility can contribute to polluted runoff when floors and outside impervious areas such as parking lots are not maintained or cleaned properly. • Keep outside areas (dumpsters, parking lots, etc.) free of trash and debris, and regularly clean them to prevent pollutant buildup. • Use absorbent for liquid spills and sweeping and mopping to clean outside areas. • Regularly inspect and clean out grease traps. • Avoid spilling onto floors or other surfaces through good housekeeping. • Control litter by sweeping and picking up trash on a regular basis. • Never dispose of wash waters to the storm drain. • Use "dry" cleaning methods (sweeping, vacuuming, etc.) on sidewalks and parking lots and dispose of waste properly. • Use damp mop to clean floors, and contain the wash water for proper disposal (sewer, on- site treatment, etc.). • Label all storm drain inlets "No Dumping ". • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spilling. • Train all employees. Your success depends on an effective traininq program. 5 PARKING LOTS Parking lots can contribute to pollution if not maintained properly. • Use dry cleaning methods to clean parking lot pavement — absorbents, brooms, or wire brushes. • Clean up sediments and other solids from parking lots immediately to prevent them from blowing or washing away. • Mechanically remove loose debris before washing the lot with water. • Dispose of parking lot debris properly. To determine the proper disposal method, contact the facility that you expect to take the material to for disposal. • Clean parking lots early in the day if heavy rains are forecast. • Assign numbered parking spots for each driver or vehicle. This helps to identify leaking vehicles so they can be repaired. • Pressure wash pavement only when necessary. Avoid the use of acids and other harsh cleaners. • If pressure washing is used, wash with water only. Be aware that dissolved pollutants or cleaning products can percolate through underlyinq soils to drinking water supplies. TRASH BINS • Don't put liquids in trash bins or trash cans. • Place trash bins or trash on concrete surfaces. • Keep lids tightly closed to keep the rain out. • Assign someone to regularly clean up the ground around trash bins. • If a trash bin or trash can leaks, immediately repair or replace it. • Make sure that storage containers are in good condition and lined with a material that will not deteriorate. • Trash bins or trash cans stored outside should be watertight, rodentproof, and protected from R FLEET MAINTENANCE VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR Your facility can contribute contaminants to runoff when vehicles and equipment are improperly operated, maintained or repaired. Leaky and poorly maintained equipment and improper maintenance work areas might result in an illegal discharge. • Inspect all vehicles and heavy equipment frequently for leaks. • Conduct all vehicle and equipment maintenance at one location away from storm drains, preferably on a paved surface under cover. • Move activities indoors, or cover equipment areas with a permanent roof. Conduct maintenance only in areas designed to prevent storm water pollution. • Inspect and clean equipment to prevent leaks and excessive buildup of contaminants. Keep drip pans and containers under areas that might drip. • Use drip pans or drop cloths to catch drips and spills if you drain and replace motor oil, radiator coolant, or other fluids on site. • Never pour materials down storm drains. Connect process equipment areas to the sanitary sewer or a facility wastewater treatment system. • Avoid hosing down work areas. Clean small spills with rags, conduct general clean up with damp mops and clean larger spills with absorbent material. • Use non -toxic substitutes for chemicals when possible. Recycle greases, oil & filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, batteries and hydraulic & transmission fluids. • Do not use diesel to lubricate equipment or parts. • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading • Train employees on discharge prohibitions. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT FUELING Spilled fuel can contribute contaminants to runoff from your facility. Improperly stored rags used to clean up spilled fuel may also result in an illegal discharge. • Covering fueling areas. • Install perimeter drains or slope the surrounding pavement inward with drainage to a sump or an oil -water separator. • Pave fueling areas with concrete rather than asphalt, or apply a sealant to protect asphalt from spilled fuels. • Install vapor recovery nozzles to control drips. • Discourage 'topping off' fuel tanks. • Use a drip pan to collect drips and avoid spills. • Use absorbent materials or mop up small spills, and for general cleaning rather than hosing down the area. Remove the absorbent materials promptly. • Use a rag cleaning service for contaminated rags used to clean up spills, which can not be disposed of in trash. • Transport industrial equipment to a designated fueling area rather than using mobile fueling. • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Train employees on proper fueling and cleanup procedures. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT WASHING AND CLEANING. Your facility can contribute contaminants to runoff if wash water from equipment and vehicle cleaning is rinsed onto parking lots or into gutters or storm drains. Improperly stored rags may also result in an illegal discharge. • If possible use off -site commercial washing and steam cleaning. • Use designated wash areas, preferably covered, to prevent contact with storm water. Berm wash areas or use other measures to contain wash water. • Designate a washing site for vehicles where water will drain by gravity to the sewer system. Never discharge wash water to the storm drain. Discharge it to the sanitary sewer after contacting your local sewering agency to find out if pre- treatment is required, or if possible, filter and recycle it. • Alternatively, divert wash water to an open lawn or other vegetated areas so that it can percolate into the ground. • If it is not possible to divert wash water to the sanitary sewer or a vegetated area, use atgrade storm drains fitted with filter fabric bags. These bags can be hung down into the drains' catch basins to filter out solids from the wash water runoff. The solids can be removed when the bags are full. • Protect curb gutter inlets with filter fabric to trap solids from the wash water runoff. • Post signs in the washing area that states that oil changes are prohibited there. • Wash vehicles with biodegradable, phosphate -free detergent. • Use non -toxic cleaning products — baking soda paste for battery heads, cable clamps, and chrome; baking soda mixed with a mild, biodegradable dishwashing soap for wheels and tires; white vinegar or lemon juice mixed with water for windows. • Use a bucket (not a running hose) to wash and rinse cars to conserve water. • Use alternative washing and cleaning methods to reduce the potential for non -storm water discharges. If possible, use "dry" cleaning methods, such as wiping down, rather than hosing vehicles or equipment. • Avoid pressure washing if possible. Conduct pressure washing only if you are equipped to capture and properly dispose of all wash water. This area should be bermed to collect the wash water and graded to direct the wash water to a treatment facility. In addition, use high - pressure, low- volume water to reduce overspray. • Another way to recycle water is to use wash water from the final wash step for the first wash step, which doesn't require clean wash water. Likewise, use final rinse water for the first rinse step, which doesn't require clean rinse water. • Make sure that the drains at your facility are installed with grit traps and are routed through an oil separator. • Properly contain and dispose of clean up materials (rags, towels, absorbent materials, etc.). • Label all storm drain inlets "No Dumping ". • Educate employees on proper washing methods to prevent pollution. 0 PESTICIDES, HERBICIDES AND FERTILIZERS Through use of simple economical gardening and landscaping practices, you can reduce the pollutants that run off from the facility. Avoid using chemicals entirely during wet weather. • Pesticides and herbicides, as potential pollutants, should be stored indoors, unless doing so will increase risks to health and safety. Indoor storage is preferred because it prevents containers from weathering, keeps precipitation out, and prevents spills directly into the ground. • Develop a pesticide and herbicide plan for each landscape that your facility is responsible for maintaining. • List specific uses for selected pesticides and herbicides. • Make a chart containing brands, formulations, application methods, and quantities to be used for each location. • Implement safety, storage, and disposal methods for pesticides and herbicides used at each location • Use application equipment that can be shut off immediately in an emergency. • Monitor equipment use and maintenance procedures at each location. • Implement monitoring, record - keeping, and public notice procedures for pesticides and herbicides used. • Establish procedures for reviewing pesticide and herbicide plans annually. Be sure to evaluate the effectiveness of all treatments used, public concerns, effects on sensitive areas, and any recent toxicological information. • Schedule treatments that must take place during the most vulnerable stage in the pest's life cycle, and when they are least disruptive to naturally existing pest controls. • Follow the label directions exactly. Never use rough estimates when mixing or applying pesticides, fertilizers or herbicides. • Never mix'different pesticides, fertilizers or herbicides unless explicitly instructed to do so on the product label. • Immediately triple -rinse or power -rinse empty containers in the field at the time of application. • Triple rinsing is carried out in these steps: 1. Allow the concentrate to drain from the empty pesticide or herbicide container for 30 seconds. 2. Fill 20 percent of the container with water, replace the lid, and shake the container so that all interior surfaces are rinsed. 3. Drain the rinse water into the spray tank, allowing it to drain for at least 30 seconds 4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 two more times. 5. Use the rinse water (or "rinseate ") according to label directions. • Keep your equipment free of leaks to prevent pesticides, herbicides, and other fluids from being unintentionally deposited onto the ground. • Clean equipment as soon as you have finished using it — do not leave equipment that contains pesticides or herbicide residue at the mixing, loading or application site. You can reduce equipment cleaning by clustering jobs that use the same spray solution. • Be sure to dispose of containers in accordance with the label directions and with federal, state, and local laws. • If empty pesticide or herbicide containers cannot be refilled, reconditioned, recycled, or returned to the manufacturer, then promptly crush, break, or puncture them so that they cannot be reused. 10 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) IPM recognizes that pests are an integral part of the natural system, and works to keep them at tolerable levels by using cultural, mechanical, and biological controls instead of chemicals. • When pest controls are needed, identify the pest and its stage of development, and use the least toxic control possible. • Work to eliminate conditions favorable to pests and to promote natural controls such as beneficial insects. • When treatment becomes necessary, select methods that are least disruptive to natural pest controls and least hazardous to human health and the environment. Start with cultural, mechanical, or biological controls. • Space, thin, and prune shrubs and trees to promote air circulation. This is the most important thing that can be done to manage plant disease. • Cultural controls are practices that will keep plants healthy, such as selecting disease -and- pest- resistant varieties and maintaining a good soil foundation. Redesigning the landscape so that it doesn't provide any support for the pest can be the most cost - effective long -term cultural control strategy. • Mechanical controls include: 1. Removing insect eggs, larvae, cocoons, and adults from plants by hand; 2. Removing weeds by pulling or hoeing; 3. Covering the garden with landscape fabric or mulch to prevent weed germination; 4. Removing pest- infested plant residue in the fall. • Many organisms feed on or infect pests. These natural enemies frequently prevent the pest population from reaching damaging levels. Biological controls include predators, parasites, pathogens, pheromones, and juvenile hormones. See table below for more information about natural insect control. NATURAL PREDATORS FOR INSECT CONTROL Green lacewings Praying mantis, aphids, mealy bugs, thri s, spider mites Ladybugs Aphids, Colorado potato beetle Praying mantis Almost any insect Ground beetles Caterpillars that attack trees and shrubs Parasitic nematodes Grubs, beetles, cutworms, army worms Trichogramma wasp Corn borer, cabbage looper, other (extremely small, non-stinging wasps) worms Seedhead weevils and other beetles Weeds 11 MATERIALS LOADING, UNLOADING, HANDLING AND STORAGE Your facility can contribute contaminants to runoff when loading, unloading and storing materials. Spills, improper storage and sloppy techniques may result in an illegal discharge. • Park delivery vehicles so that spills or leaks can be contained. • Protect materials from rainfall, run -on, run -off and wind dispersal. For example, cover loading docks to reduce the exposure of materials to rain. • Use seals or door skirts between trailers and buildings to prevent exposure to rain and use grading or berming to prevent storm water run -on. • Position roof downspouts to direct storm water away from loading, unloading and storage areas. • Use drip pans under areas that may leak (hose connections, filler nozzles, etc.). • Sweep parking lots or other surfaces to remove debris blown or washed from loading, unloading and storage areas. • Store liquids in a designated area on a paved impervious surface within a secondary containment. Keep outdoor storage containers in good condition. • Clean storm drains regularly, and stencil inlets with "No Dumping ". • Use catch basin infiltration inserts. • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Provide training to employees on spill prevention, containment and cleanup. CLEANING RAGS • Moisten rags with a squeeze bottle instead of soaking rags in solvent, cleaning fluids, etc. • Wring out rags with a hand operated or mop wringer. • Use separate labeled rag containers for each material. Put a wire rack in the bottom of each container so the liquid can drain out; collect and reuse or recycle the material. • Instead of cleaning your own rags, use a commercial laundry service. • Use rags and absorbents to their limit before cleaning or disposing of them. • Unless you have determined them to be otherwise, manage disposable rags as hazardous wastes. 12 DRUM AND BARREL CONTAINERS Container sizes range from 55- gallon drums, barrels of various sizes, or small liquid containers such as 5- gallon buckets and 1- gallon cans. The methods for managing bulk liquid containers are similar regardless of their size: you should train your employees how to prevent spills and how to respond to spills if they occur. • Keep containers in good condition, handle them carefully, and replace any leaking ones. • Inspect containers for signs of leaks or corrosion every week. • Store containers on a base that is chemically resistant to the container contents. The base must be leakproof, free of cracks or gaps, and have enough volume to contain the container contents, plus any rainfall that it may have to hold. It must be designed for ease of inspection so that leaks can be easily seen. • Make sure that containers are strong enough to contain the materials they are to hold. Line containers with materials that will not deteriorate under normal conditions of use. • Use containers for outdoor storage that are watertight, rodentproof, and tamper resistant. • Keep products in the original containers that they were received in, if possible. If not, clearly label the replacement containers. Cover all labels with transparent tape to keep the labels from falling off or from becoming illegible. • Keep containers closed except when you fill or empty them. • Watch for indicators that a drum or barrel is under pressure — such as swelling and bulging — which may result in a leak or rupture. • Store drums on pallets to prevent concrete "sweating" that can cause corrosion. • Provide adequate lighting in storage areas. • Maintain clean, even floor surface in worker and vehicle traffic areas. • Keep isles clear of obstructions. • Maintain sufficient distances between drums containing incompatible chemicals to prevent reactions in the event of container leak. • Avoid stacking containers against process equipment. • Insulate and inspect electric circuitry for corrosion and potential sparking. • Use large containers instead of small containers whenever possible. • Empty all drums and containers completely before cleaning or disposing of them to minimize the amount of waste you generate. SPILLS AND LEAKS Spills happen! Yes, even though your employees are properly trained to prevent spills, sometimes a mistake can result in more than just a drip or splatter. You should be prepared to respond to spills so that they are contained on site. 13 • Equip floor drains with valves that can be closed in the event of a large spill. Regularly inspect these valves to ensure that they are functioning correctly. • Specify cleanup instructions for each material that is handled on site, along with safety requirements and persons designated for spill response and cleanup. • Make spill containment and cleanup kits easy to find and use. Conduct initial employee training with periodic refresher training. • Contain the spill! If the spill might enter a drain, immediately close the control valve. If no valve is present, plug or cover the drain inlet (for example with a rubber mat). Turn off any automatic sumps. • Cover a powder spill with plastic sheeting to keep it from dusting up or becoming airborne. If the powder will not react with water, you can contain it by covering it with wet paper towels or by using a light spray of water. You can sweep or wipe up the wetted powder or paper towels easily. Dispose of the towels as if they were made of the same chemical as the powder. • If the spill is a liquid, cover it with an absorbent material that can be swept or scooped up. Sawdust or vermiculite are good for this purpose. Absorbent booms can be used to contain and soak up larger spills. • Remove spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation from sumps or collection areas in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent overflow of the collection system. • Unless the material has a high flash point, avoid using emulsifiers and dispersants. The idea is to contain the spill — not scatter it. Similarly, do not use a hose or wet mop. Using water adds to the volume of the spill and spreads the material to a larger area. • Report significant spills to the appropriate authorities immediately and get outside help if needed. • Do not put rags that were used to soak up even non - hazardous spills in an uncovered container. Store them in a covered bin and send them to a professional cleaning service. • Clean up spills on unpaved areas by digging up stained soil areas. Make sure to dispose of the contaminated soil properly. • Use wringable pads or booms to recover spilled materials. If this is not possible, use dry cleanup methods — such as sawdust, cat litter or rags. Avoid hosing down dirty pavement or permeable surfaces where liquids have spilled. • Use oil- absorbent pads, rather than granulated absorbents, to collect oil spills and leaks. Reclaim both the pads and the used oil. • Install spill basins or dikes in storage areas. • Install splash guards and drip boards on tanks and faucets. • Install overflow control devices on process and storage tanks. • Specify welded pipe joints instead of threaded joints, which can leak. • Never leave a container unattended if it is being filled or drained. • Use a funnel of proper size and material when transferring liquids from one container to another. • Place spill collection trays under open containers and under the spouts of liquid storage containers. • Use this rule of thumb for your container storage area: the spill containment system should have sufficient capacity to contain 10 percent of the volume of all containers, or 100 percent of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. • Use absorbents to their maximum capacity. For more information on using oil- absorbent pads refer to TNRCC document RG -237, Used Oil Absorbents: Proper Management Practices. 14 0 ot 4 STORM DRAINS AND DISCHARGE POINTS �� '� rhs�►�, Dirt, oil, grease and litter are washed down the storm drain with each rainfall creating polluted runoff. Polluted runoff from your facility can reach water bodies and other wildlife habitats and harm fish, birds and human life. Identify every storm drain and stencil each one with the message "Do Not Dump ". This will inform employees and others that dumping wastes down these drains is not appropriate. • Prevent spills from entering storm drains and discharge points. • Eliminate illegal connections to the storm drain. • Routinely maintain storage areas to keep any drainage from reaching your site's storm water management system. If you are not sure where a drain goes to, contact your facility manager, local wastewater utility, or a plumber. If you're still not sure, have the drain dye - tested. • Inspect and clean out all storm drains, discharge point & catch basins. • Control litter by sweeping and picking up litter regularly. • Clean mats in a floor- mounted mop sink or use a mat cleaning service. • Collect all wash water and discharge to the sanitary sewer. • Use "dry" cleaning methods (sweep rather than hose down) to clean shop floors, materials processing and storage areas, access roads and parking lots. • Use secondary containment measures for waste storage areas. • Label all storm drain inlets "No Dumping ". • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Train all employees on BMPs, good housekeeping practices and spill response. Your success depends on an effective training proqram. GRATES AND BASINS • Prevent pollution down stream of basins by regularly inspecting for and removing debris that can block grates and lead to localized flooding. • Inspect catch basins at least twice a year to see if they need cleaning. • To find out how much material has accumulated in the storage area of your catch basin, insert a long, thin probe into the storm drain grate. Notice where the probe contacts the debris and continue probing to the bottom to estimate the depth of accumulation. • Catch basins should be cleaned out before the storage area is half full. After this level is reached, solids begin washing out of the basin. • Cleaning should be done in the spring, in the fall, after trees have shed their leaves, and at other times as needed. • Solids removed from catch basins may contain high levels of pollutants such as oils, metals, chemicals, and nutrients. To determine how to properly dispose of these solids, contact the waste disposal facility to where they will be sent. 15 TRAINING AND EDUCATION Employee training for continuous improvement is recognized as one of the best methods to improve performance, employee morale, and reduce waste and pollution generation. • Educate employees in erosion controls. • Train employees about safe handling of materials and wastes. • Train employees on spill prevention and clean up. • Train employees on leak prevention and detection. • Train employees on integrated pest management (IPM). • Train employees on proper use and disposal of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers. • Write procedures for using equipment and materials in simple form and post them for quick reference. Plastic lamination can protect instructions. • Require employees to return empty containers before getting new supplies. • Train employees to recognize and understand the meaning of storm drain stenciling signs. 16 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL 7 lmm, r�I Your facility can contribute contaminants to storm water runoff if wastes are not managed and disposed of properly. Poor waste management may result in an illegal discharge. For specific information about classifying your waste and about regulations that might apply to your facility, refer to the TNRCC publication Guidelines for the Classification and Coding of Industrial Wastes and Hazardous Wastes (RG -22). TNRCC Publications Inventory and Distribution P.O. Box 13087 Austin, TX 78711 -3087 (512) 239 -0028 TNRCC RENEW Catalog (Resource Exchange Network for Eliminating Wastes) hftr)://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/admin/topdoc/t)d/002 • Cover and berm waste storage areas. • Keep outside areas (dumpsters, parking lots, etc.) free of trash and debris. • Store wastes indoors when possible. • Keep waste containers covered. • Regularly inspect and clean grease traps. • Use non -toxic substitutes for chemicals when possible. • Recycle food grease, cleaning solutions, oil, antifreeze, batteries, and fluids. • Sweep parking lots or other surfaces to remove debris blown or washed from storage areas. • Store liquids in a designated area on a paved impervious surface within a secondary containment. Keep outdoor storage containers in good condition. • Regularly inspect and clean storm drains, and stencil inlets with "No Dumping ". • Clean up spills immediately to minimize safety hazards and deter spreading. • Regularly control litter by sweeping and picking up trash and litter. • Educate employees on proper waste disposal.. 17 WASTE FLUIDS You should be aware that there are certain restrictions on what your facility can discharge to a sanitary sewer. Every sanitary sewer ultimately connects to a wastewater treatment plant that is regulated by state and federal permits. These types of liquid wastes may be subject to sanitary sewer discharge regulations: • Oils and greases from any source. Oils and greases that solidify when cooled can stop up sewer systems. In large amounts, oils that remain liquid can coat and inactivate biological components of wastewater treatment systems. • Water used to wash equipment and vehicles. This wastewater often carries with it large amounts of sand and grit, which can settle out in the sewer system. • Wastes that contain toxic substances. These wastes can kill the bacteria that break down organic wastes as part of the wastewater treatment process. • Don't mix different types of waste fluids — store used oils, halogenated solvents, and antifreeze separately to allow for their recycling. • Never dump unused cleaning products onto pavement or down a storm drain. • When you consider buying deicers, cleaners, cures, paints, or other chemical products, select the ones with the least hazardous chemicals necessary to get the job done. • Keep waste fluid containers protected from weather. • Label all waste fluid containers. • Transfer all waste fluids using a funnel of proper size when transferring liquids from one container to another. • Recycle all fluids to the maximum extent possible. • Use properly designated tanks, containers, and vessels. • Regularly inspect all tanks, containers, and vessels to ensure their physical integrity. • Develop a written program for all loading, unloading, and transfer operations. Ensure that all employees are properly trained in the program's specific tasks. • Install secondary containment areas or structures where waste fluids are managed. • Document all waste fluid Willaae. ANTIFREEZE • Segregate antifreeze and other coolants from all other waste fluids. • Never pour antifreeze on the ground. • Do not pour antifreeze down storm drains, floor drains or sewers. • Do not mix antifreeze with any other waste liquid. • For information on antifreeze recycling refer to TNRCC document RG -235, Used Antifreeze (Used Coolant): Proper Management Practices, or call the Used Oil and Used Oil Filter Recycling Program at (512) 239 -6695. ilm AQUEOUS CLEANERS • If an aqueous cleaner is used, use pre - cleaning methods such as scraping or wire brushing to reduce the loading on the aqueous cleaner. • If using caustic -based cleaning solutions consider switching to detergent -based cleaners. • Pre -rinse dirty engine parts in a first tank of dirty cleaning solution to remove gross amounts of grime before transferring to a clean tank for final cleaning and rinse. • Routinely monitor solution composition and make adjustments if necessary. • Routinely remove sludge and solids from the solution tanks. • Screen sludge and solids out before they reach the waste sump. • Use demineralized water for the cleaning bath make -uD. BRAKE FLUID • Collect brake fluid in containers clearly marked to indicate that it is dedicated for that purpose. • If your waste brake fluid is hazardous, manage it appropriately and use only an authorized waste receiver for its disposal. • If your waste brake fluid is non - hazardous, determine from your local solid waste collection provider what should be done for its proper disposal. • Do not mix brake fluid with spent motor oil. • Do not pour brake fluid down drains or onto the ground. • Recycle brake fluid (considered used oil) through a TNRCC- registered recycler. • For more information on brake fluid recycling, refer to TNRCC document RG -257, Used Oil Generators, Collection Centers, and Handlers. OIL • Never pour oil down the storm drains or on the ground. • Clean up oil spills immediately. • Drain oil filters completely — collect the drained oil for recycling. • Use oil separators to remove oil and grit from runoff before it enters the storm sewer system. • Regularly maintain oil separators to keep them functioning as intended. • If your separator has oil- absorbent pads, replace them in the spring, in the fall, and at other times, as needed. If your separator does not have oil- absorbent pads, consider installing them. With pads you might be able to reduce the need to clean out the entire oil separator as frequently. • Recycle oil filters through a TNRCC — registered recycler. For more information on registered recyclers, call the Used Oil and Used Oil Filter Recycling Program at (512) 239 -6695. Also refer to TNRCC document RG -257, Used Oil Filter Generators, Collection Centers, and Handlers. 19 PAINTS • Use paints with high solids and low volatile organic compound (VOC) content. • Use paints that are free of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, zinc, etc.) and cyanide. • Use water -based paints. Clean equipment and parts with water and detergent. • Use a nonphenolic, nonacid stripper. Substitute dibasic esters (DBEs) for methylene chloride strippers. • Be sure that the proper liners are installed in paint pots. • Use graduated sizes of sprayer cups specific to the job at hand. • Use automatic paint mixer to minimize spills. • Use high- eff iciency painting equipment, such as an HVLP spray gun. • Use low air pressure and aim the spray gun perpendicular to the work piece to increase accuracy. • Use automatic paint gun washer to minimize paint cleaning wastes. • Use a mechanical paint stripping system, such as plastic blast media, instead of solvents. RECYCLING & DISPOSAL Properly dispose of wastes (fluids and materials), and recycle when possible, to eliminate illegal discharges. Reduce, reuse and recycle (R3) hazardous and non - hazardous wastes when possible, to lower your disposal costs and the amount of waste going into our landfills. Participate in waste exchange opportunities to decrease the waste you generate and save money. Recycle what you must: oil and batteries. Recycle what you can: metal, water -based paints, used tires, paper and cardboard, glass, aluminum and tin. 20 USEFUL REFERENCES National Resource Defense Council, Report on Storm Water Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution, Chapter 1. http://www.nrdc.org/nrdcr)ro/storm/chap5.html Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC), USEPA, Quarterly List Pollution Prevention Publications, Summer 1999. http: / /www.epa.gov /or)ptintr /library/libppic.htm The Southwest Pollution Prevention Information Center Juan Maldonado Phone: 915- 747 -6273 Fax: 915- 747 -5437 Email: jumaldon @ utep.edu hftr):Hi)2.uter).edu/maribel/baseline2.html The Texas Nonpoint Source Book: Pollution Prevention Controls Applicability Index Ratings hftp://www.txnpsbook.or-q/BMPs/ 21 CASE STUDIES P2 Case Studies: APAC- Texas, Inc., Trott! & Thomson Division. TNRCC Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling. By purchasing concrete cure in 250 - gallon reusable totes, (APAC) eliminated the handling, storage, and most importantly the disposal of the 55- gallon steel drums. P2 Case Studies: Dallas Area Rapid Transit. TNRCC Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling. DART fleet of buses, service vehicles, and other vehicles utilize large amounts of ethylene glycol (antifreeze). In order to reduce the amount of coolant/'antifreeze purchased and used, DART needed a solution to reuse this material. P2 Case Studies: H.E. Butt Grocery Co. TNRCC Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling. With the installation of the Valvoline SYSTEM -ONE parts washer with distillation unit, HEB fleet maintenance was able to totally eliminate the hazardous waste stream of parts washer solvent. Preventing Pollution In Our Cities and Counties: Cincinnati, Ohio. National Association of County and City Health Officials, National Association of Counties, The National Pollution Prevention Roundtable, Municipal Waste Management Association, and the United States Conference of Mayors. The city is in the process of adopting a pollution prevention policy statement and implementation for a plan for "in- house" pollution prevention activities. Preventing Pollution In Our Cities and Counties: Dade County, Florida. National Association of County and City Health Officials, National Association of Counties, The National Pollution Prevention Roundtable, Municipal Waste Management Association, and the United States Conference of Mayors. Any facilities, private or county, implementing pollution prevention, benefit by becoming better educated, saving money, decreasing liability and dealing with fewer regulators. Preventing Pollution In Our Cities and Counties: San Francisco, California. National Association of County and City Health Officials, National Association of Counties, The National Pollution Prevention Roundtable, Municipal Waste Management Association, and the United States Conference of Mayors. The city's program addresses hazardous wastes generated by city agencies, the private sector, and households. The goal related to city departments is to turn them into models of pollution prevention for the private sector. Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance. The Local Government Environmental Assistance Network. Pollution prevention (P2) opportunities abound in vehicle and equipment maintenance. Purchasing Practices That Encourage Regulatory Compliance and Pollution Prevention. The Local Government Environmental Assistance Network. By incorporating environmental and health criteria into purchasing specifications, local governments can avoid the use of potentially harmful chemicals, reduce the risk of accidents and toxic releases, and more easily achieve regulatory compliance 22 APAC- Texas, Inc TNRCC Executive Office Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling Pollution Prevention & Conservation .. - P2 Case Studies Page 1 of 2 Address/Phone/Fax PPC@tn cc.state.tx.us APAC- Texas, Inc., Trotti & Thomson Division 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Location Beaumont Number of Employees 150 Industry Highway Heavy Construction Waste Reduced 55- gallon steel drums Process Concrete Paving Operations Contact Person Roger Tutt, (409) 866 -1444 Information Current as of January 1998 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Help Search January 10, 1997 APAC- Texas, In., Trotti & Thomson Division, converted from 55- gallon steel drums to reusable bulk containers for concrete curing compound. By purchasing concrete cure in 250 - gallon reusable totes, we were able to eliminate the handling, storage, and most importantly the disposal of the 55- gallon steel drums. 3. INNOVATIVE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY N/A 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT Since the 55- gallon drums were not reusable and could not be recycled because they contained a resin -based concrete cure, we were able to eliminate the disposal of approximately 100 drums per year into the local landfills. The disposal of the compound residue in the drums had to be handled separately and placed in injection wells. Both these processes were eliminated. 5. COST SAVINGS/BENEFITS The savings in disposal costs from the drums and the curing compound residue resulted in a savings of approximately $6,000 per year. http: / /p2. utep .edu /casestudies /Apac97.html 7/15/99 APAC- Texas, Inc TNRCC disclaimer Comments regarding Pollution Prevention Planning: PPC @tnrcc.state.tx.us Technical questions regarding the TNRCC Web Server: webmast @tnrcc.state.tx.us http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/oppr/ppping/chevron295.html Page 2 of 2 http: / /p2. utep .edu /casestudies /Apac97.html 7/15/99 Dallas Area Rapid Transit TNRCC r' w Executive Office Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling Pollution Prevention & Conservation P2 Case Studies Dallas Area Rapid Transit 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Page 1 of 2 Address/Phone/Fax PPC @ tnrcc.state.tx.us Location East Dallas Equipment Services Number of Employees 84 Industry Service, Transportation Waste Reduced Antifreeze Process Recycling Contact Person Joe Coker, (214)828 -6791 Information Current as of January 1998 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Helu Search January 10, 1997 Dallas Area Rapid Transits (DART) fleet of buses, service vehicles, and other vehicles utilize large amounts of ethylene glycol (antifreeze). In order to reduce the amount of coolant/antifreeze purchased and used, DART needed a solution to reuse this material. 3. INNOVATIVE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY An in -house antifreeze recycling machine has been introduced to all DART facilities to check and reuse spent antifreeze. The spent material is deposited into a yellow drum, which is sent to another part of the facility for testing. After all levels are checked, fresh additives are added to replenish the antifreeze to a state of safe reuse. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT DART has significantly reduced a serious waste stream common to this industry, antifreeze. This reduction is beneficial to the environment as well as this facility. 5. COST SAVINGS/BENEFITS The reduction of pure usage has allowed DART to excavate all of their underground tanks. http: / /p2. utep .edu /casestudies/DART297.html 7/15/99 Dallas Area Rapid Transit Page 2 of 2 These were 4,000 or 6,000 -gallon capacity tanks. The tanks are being either totally eliminated or replaced with double lined above ground tanks or smaller capacity (1,000 gallon) underground tanks. In the elimination situations DART is focusing on using so little antifreeze that they can operate out of a few 55- gallon drums on site. TNRCC disclaimer Comments regarding Pollution Prevention Planning: PPC@tnrcc.state.tx.us Technical questions regarding the TNRCC Web Server: webmast@tnrcc.state.tx.us http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/oppr/Ppping/chevron295.html http: / /p2. utep .edu /casestudies/DART297.html 7/15/99 H TNRCC Executive Office Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling Pollution Prevention & Conservation P2 Case Studies H.E. Butt Grocery Co. 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Page 1 of 2 Address/Phone/Fax PPC@tnrc state.tx.us Location San Antonio Number of Employees 45,000 Industry Food & Drug Waste Reduced Parts Washer Solvent Process Distillation Contact Person Tommy Johns, (210) 938 -5628 Information Current as of May 20, 1998 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Help Search January 10, 1997 With the installation of the Valvoline SYSTEM -ONE parts washer with distillation unit, HEB fleet maintenance was able to totally eliminate the hazardous waste stream of parts washer solvent. The system uses a high flash solvent ( >140 degrees Fahrenheit) that does not contain any carcinogens or any listed material. The process uses a 30- gallon system that separates contaminated solvent from clean solvent. With only a four minute downtime, the operator is able to flush the five gallons of used solvent into the vacuum distillation unit and begin the recycling process, while at the same time replenish the five gallons of used solvent with clean solvent. The distillation process takes about six hours; however, you are able to use the parts washer in only four minutes. After the unit has completed the distillation of the solvent, the operator is able to dump the still bottoms into the waste oil, which is then recycled. Pure solvent is always readily available on demand without the need to wait for periodic deliveries and hazardous waste disposal services. 3. INNOVATIVE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY The system eliminates waste recovery services and could avoid classification as a waste generator. It also eliminates potential liabilities for improper handling, storage, and transportation of waste material. SYSTEM -ONE is a totally enclosed treatment that separates solvents from oil and other http: / /p2. utep.edu /casestudies/HEB97.htm] 7/15/99 ., . H Page 2 of 2 impurities. The resultant residue meets the regulatory definition of used oil under 40 CFR 260.10 and may be managed as a used oil and is exempt from hazardous waste disposal regulation. But remember, the responsibility for proper chemical management rests with the user. The user must ensure that the solvent is never contaminated with a hazardous material or waste. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS This system will allow HEB to eliminate a large hazardous waste stream. The new solvent does not exhibit any characteristics of hazardous waste therefore eliminating a hazardous waste stream into the environment. 5. COST SAVINGS/BENEFIT The system will save $49,000 in service and disposal costs over a period of 60 months. The elimination of the hazardous waste stream will keep some of our sites Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator. TNRCC disclaimer Comments regarding Pollution Prevention Planning: PPC @tnrcc.state.tx.us Technical questions regarding the TNRCC Web Server: webmast @tnrcc.state.tx.us http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/oppr/ppping/chevron295.html http: / /p2. utep.edu /casestudies/HEB97.html 7/15/99 Cincinnati, Ohio Summary Cincinnati is aspiring to create a model urban area pollution preven- tion program through the creation of a multifaceted strategy which focuses on city government opera- tions, business and industries and outreach to the general public. This is being done through pollution prevention (P2) training, technical assistance, and promotional efforts. The city estimates that the poten- tial savings are well over $2 million for 10 small to medium sized industries that participated in its initial P2 outreach program. Program Description Impetus for Pollution Prevention Activity The program began in August 1992 as a result of city leaders rec- ognizing the importance of pollution prevention and identify- ing opportunities for partnership and assistance from U.S. EPA, University of Cincinnati, American Institute for Pollution Prevention, Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Sciences, and other local resources. In addition, a U.S. EPA/City of Cincinnati agreement provided for solid waste management and P2 assistance through the Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) which provided salary cost sharing for an expert who assisted in the start-up of the city's Pollution Preven- tion Incentives for States (PPIS) project and P2 program. The initial goal of the program was to create a model urban area pollution prevention strategy for three sectors: local governments; business /industry; and the general Jurisdiction: Cincinnati. Ohio Population: City proper: 364,278 CMSA: 1,744,124 Type: Urban, suburban Contact: J. Zruce Suits, Pollution Prevention Program Manager, Office of Environmental Management, �ity�cf C�nCitiitrati; ,,. - . Vwa Cpntenmal. Plaza, Suite 610,E 805 ?central Avenue, - Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 -1947 Phone- 513/352 -6270 Overall Annual Budget of City: Approx. $718 Million in FY95 Lead Agency Conducting Pollution Prevention Work: Office ,of Environmental Management (Under the Office of the City Manager), public. The long range goal was to sustain local government P2 pro- motion and implementation efforts in all three sectors for community - wide pollution prevention. Strategy The City of Cincinnati is committed to promoting and implementing P2 in its own opera- tions as well as reaching out to area business /industry and the gen- eral public. This urban area strategy is an attempt to provide a model program for implementing pollution prevention as the pre- ferred method of environmental protection across an entire commu- nity. The city is in the process of adopting a pollution prevention policy statement and implementa- tion plan for "in- house" pollution prevention activities. All city departments and divisions have had P2 training and will be respon- sible for implementing P2 practices on a daily basis. Base- lines and goals are being established along with measure- ments for improvements and cost savings. The city has also invited other local and state governmental agencies to participate in P2 training and promotional activities. Some of these focus on P2 opportunities for air and wastewater inspectors. The city has led the commu- nity in adopting an "Environmental Preference" purchasing ordinance for all city purchases. One particu- larly noteworthy example of in -house initiatives has been the conversion from lead, solvent -based highway line striping paints to lead -free, waterborne paints. While retraining employees and converting equipment has been challenging, management and employee commitment is beginning to produce P2 results. Through the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Sci- Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: A Compendium of Case Studies ences (IAMS), the city is providing P2 training and tech- nical assistance to small and medium -sized businesses. In each business that is assisted, a pollution prevention team usually consisting of employees, management, and a pol- lution prevention expert is created. After the pollution prevention team conducts an on -site assessment, the com- pany is made aware of the types of waste, pollution, and associated costs that have been identified. The team then conducts a brainstorming session to make suggestions for using alternative processes or materials that would create less waste or use less toxic materials. Resources Used Staffing Resources The P2 program manager in the Office of Environ- mental Management (OEM) under the City Manager's Office is the city's only full -time staff member dedicated exclusively to P2. This person is responsible for ccordi- nating all in -house government P2 activities (including the PPIS grant). Other individuals in OEM's Solid Waste Management and Employee Safety and Air Quality Sec- tions also dedicate various portions of their work time to the city's P2 efforts. However. OEM's role as P2 coordi- nator relies on cooperation and assistance from all city departments and divisions. Each department or division director is responsible for implementation and documen- tation of P2 efforts and improvements. Employees trained in P2 comprise an interdepartmental coordinatin« com- mittee. The committee serves as a pool from �Nhich P2 assistance teams are formed to perform P2 opportunity and waste reduction assessments, and help in brainstorm- ing and implementing improvements. It is important to point out that the city's P2 efforts are being accomplished without the creation of an additional layer of bureaucracy. Instead, the program relies on existing personnel and resources to implement a P2 "culture change" and waste reduction effort throughout cite government operations. Expenditures and Funding (October 1992 - February 19951 Money is received through the U.S. EPA PPIS Match- ing Grant which passes through the University of Cincinnati, the City General Fund, Infrastructure Fund, and other funds. Written Materials and Technical Assistance Sources Used A variety of materials were used in the development of the program including the following: EPA's Facility Pol- lution Prevention Guide: Ohio EPA's Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization Planning Guidance Manual and State of Ohio Pollution Prevention Strategy; material from other local governments including Anchorage, Alaska's Green Star Program materials; material from other non -profit organizations including the Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Sciences' hnplementing Pollu- tion Prevention At Your Facility; and materials from the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable and its member organizations, The American Institute for Pollution Pre- vention and many others. Public or Private Sector Partners The following organizations have contributed to the success of Cincinnati's P2 program: University of Cincin- nati: U.S. EPA; Office of Pollution Prevention, State of Ohio: Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Sciences; National Pollution Prevention Roundtable: An::rican Institute for Pollution Prevention: Air and Waste Manage- ment Association: Department for Environmental Services. Hamilton COtlntv'. Ohio: Environmental Ser- vices. State of Kentucky: Kentucky Partners: Environmental Advisorti Council, City of Cincinnati; Hamilton County Environmental Action Commission: Greater Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce; Ohio Envi- ronmental Council: The Cincinnati Zoo: P2 Peer Review Advisory Committee (General Electric Co.. The Procter R Gamble Co.. etc.): "Make Peace With Nature" syndi- cated television program (courtesy of WKRC -TV Cincinnati). Citicable Government Access television: Liebel Flarsheim Co.. Amko Plastics. Inc.: and others. Salaries and wages S 112. )20 Fringes 531.47 i outcome and Travel S4.000 Training 515.404 Accomplishments Equipment /materials /contracted service 518.000 Workshops Indirect overhead 51.66' $24,070 Assessment of Effectiveness Subcontracted P2 Assistance 5100.000 The city is still in the initial stages of implementation Total $307,206 of its urban area strategy. However, in the case of the out - reach efforts to business and industry. there have been some measurable successes in pollution preventionAwaste reduction, either realiz °d or projected. Ten small to medium -sized industries have been assisted with P2 train- ing, opportunity assessments. and implementation activities. Potential eliminations or reductions of pollution and wastes were measured in millions of gallons and tons per year. Potential cost savings were well over S2 million annually, in materials alone. Most of the industries are now in the process of implementing the identified P2 practices. The city is still in the beginning stages of performing its first departmental, or divisional, P2 waste reduction opportunity assessments. Two "pilot " assessments have just be completed: the City Printima Services and the Municipal Garage. These high profile divisions were selected because it is expected that methods and lessons learned from their operations can be transferred to others. both in and out of the city structure. Other city depart- ments and divisions will soon follow using these two divisions as models and utilizing the "cadre" of trained P2 "cause champions" from their own departments and from the coordinating committee pool in forming interde- partmental P2 assistance teams. This approach will facilitate transfer of information and identification of pos- sible P2 opportunities in similar city operations. P2 activities related to the third sector of the urban area strategy —the general public —will probably be the most difficult to measure in terms of effectiveness. How- ever, with a goal of making P2 and waste reduction more popular than recycling, future successes in terms of reductions in pollution and wastes across the whole com- munity, from all sources, are expected. Community and Department Gains Still in its early stages, the city's work is ongoing. One example of early gains is that the OEM has eliminated virtually all waste leaving its own office. Paper, the largest part of the office's waste stream, is re -used before it is recycled. All corrugated cardboard is either re -used or recycled, as are packing materials, toner cartridges, newspapers, magazines, metal, plastic, and aluminum. The office is constantly looking for ways to improve and is convinced improvements are possible. The example OEM sets will help other city operations in their efforts. The example set by city government will help the private sector, the general public, and other institutions with their Iforts. Lessons Learned i the process of establishing goals for P2 reductions and eliminations for city Loyernment operations, it may be prudent to ward against measuring all departments or divisions against each other by an arbitrary starting point. In other words, if the goal is to reduce pollution and waste by 25 percent oyer a two -year period, make sure entities Let credit for what they did prior to the starting point, so that they aec not penalized for their good work prior to the baseline measuring point. Cincinnati is pay- ing close attention to this because employee, division, and departmental competition and recognition activities are planned for the near future. As much as possible, there should be a level playing field. Another piece of advice would be to not give up. P2 is a way of life, an ongoing, neverending process of improvement. The process of implementing a change in waste management culture like P2 is difficult. The "we've always- done -it- that -way" argument can be con- vincing, as is the staternent, "It can't be done." Fortunately, there are now too many businesses, indus- tries, governments, and, most importantly, individuals who can attest that there are better, safer, cleaner, and more responsible ways of doing things. Pollution Prevention Materials Available From Jurisdiction Available in September 1995: Videotape copies of the "Make Peace With Nature" television program special series on P2 (produced by WKRC -TV Cincinnati) —a series of interviews with representatives from business, industry, government (federal, state and local), and non- profit organizations (including the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable), all agreeing on one thing: P2 pays I Available in September 1995: Copies of videotape on Cincinnati's experience with changing over from solvent - based, leaded highway line striping paints to water borne, no -lead paints. This video and its companion report may help others avoid some of the problems and delays Cincinnati has encountered. Available in September 1995: Final report (and possi- ble video) on the PPIS grant project "Urban Area Pollution Prevention Strategy," which will list and discuss the City of Cincinnati's project and ongoing model pro- gram, including successes and failures, boosts and barriers, problems, and solutions. Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: A Compendium of Case Studies JACIA'l,.�, �AI LLI�I.V�= San Francisco, California Summary The City and County of San Francisco employs an active and aggressive pollution prevention program focused on reducing the amount of hazardous waste that is generated as well as decreasing the amount of pollutants that enters the city's sekyer system. As a result of its efforts, the city has realized decreases in its waste totals, the amount of heavy metal mass discharged, and has noticed changes in consumer awareness and behavior. Program Description Impetus for Pollution Prevention Activity HWMP's pollution prevention activities started in 1988 in response to the passage of a state law in 1986 (AB 2648, Tanner) which authorized counties to develop county hazardous waste management plans for the reduc- tion and management of hazardous waste to the year 2000. During the development of these plans, counties were continually urged to focus on waste reduction to reduce the need for treatment and disposal facilities. Since San Francisco was a county that essentially exported all of its waste, it felt this pressure from Jurisdiction: San Francisco, California Population: 750,000 Type: Urban Contact: Aiex Dong, Acting Hazardous Waste Program Manager Office of the Chief Administrative -Officer Hazardous Waste Management Program ,,(HWMP) 1`145'Uthiket,Street, Suite 401 SanTrancisco,'CA 94103 Phone:, 415!695 --7339 Fax:.,-415/695-7377 Steve Medbery, Chief Department of Public Works Bureau of Environmental Regulation & Maiiagernent' (BERM) 38011' =`3rd' Street, Suite 600 San Francisco, CA 94124 Phone: 4151695 -7310 Fax-,415/695-7377 Overall Annual Budget of Jurisdiction: $2.9 billion (1995 -1996) lead Agency- Conducting Pollution'Prevention' Work: The Office of the Chief Administrative Officer's Hazardous Wasted , Management Program {HWMP) Department of Public Work's Bureau of Environmental Regulation :& Management (BERN/1). neighboring counties as well. The initial goals of the HWMP �yere to target specific small busi- nesses that had a lot of waste reduction potential in an effort to minimize illegal disposal and to help achieve the year 2000 goal of 10 - 40 percent waste reduc- tion. In San Francisco. unlike other parts of the country, small businesses or small quantity gen- erators, generate most of the hazardous waste — approxi- mately 55 percent. To encourage small businesses to pursue waste reduction, the plan also sought to make city departments models of waste minimization for the pri- vate sector. Finally, there was an initial major goal of educating all users of the city's Household Hazardous Waste Collection Facility on safer alternatives. The creation of BERM's Water Pollution Prevention Program (WPPP) in 1990 was a result of criteria outlined in the city's "Best Management Practices Implementation Plan" (October 1990) which was required by the city's Oceanside National Pollu- tant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit require- ments. The purpose of the WPPP was to decrease the identified toxic pollutants that entered the combined sewer system which eventually was discharged into the San Francisco Bay or the Pacific Ocean. The WPPP was charged with qualifying and quantifying the city's pollutants of concern, identifying sources of Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: A Compendium of Case Studies the pollutants. developing and implementing source reduction /pollution prevention strategies, and initiating evaluation methodologie, to determine the effectiNene >, of the program. Strategy HWMP's pollution hrcv ention actin itic� arc proac- tive, comprehensive, and multi- media. The city'; program addresses hazardous wastes generated by cite agencies, the private sector. and households. The goal related to city departments is to turn them into models of pollution prevention for the private scc- tor. All pollution prevention opportunities are identified or encouraged via the following: 1) review of existing generators and waste disposal patterns: 2) on -site assessment done in -house or by outside contractors: and 3) development of a city employee recognition pro- gram. Both technical assistance and some financial assistance are offered to the city agencies. Active tech- nical assistance include on -site assessments, waste classification (sampling and analysis, if required), and waste exchange. Also, publications on safer alternatives and a quantitative methodology — much simpler than the Life Cycle Assessment process — have been devel- oped to identify safer products. This methodology has been peer reviewed and has been recently published in one of ASTM's Standard Technical Publications. Finally, financial assistance has been provided to city agencies to purchase waste minimization equipment, such as a waste paint thinner recycling still. On the private sector side, the initial focus was small businesses, but now attention is turning to the larger businesses. For city agencies, technical assistance and some financial assistance, in the form of five percent matching grants, are available. Using a very proactive approach, staff and their contractors identify, prioritize (based on waste reduction potential), and approach businesses to provide technical assistance in the form of on -site technical assistance and workshops. Three novel projects have been conducted in the last several years. One project looked at the possibility of technol- ogy transfer between large -to -small quantity generators. A recently finished project looked at quantifying waste minimization achieved by selected groups of businesses and the various factors that motivated them, particularly the impact the city had in this regard. A third project, done several years ago, involved the development and dissemination of a self -help checklist to help property owners minimize environmental contamination from leaking underground tanks. To keep the business community informed about potentialk u,cful waste ^iinimization technologies and rC,1ulation. a newsletter is published and disseminated tw ice a v car. Fach issue of the newsletter features a hu,ines, that i, doing something in pollution preven- tion. Finally. the cite has heen running a pilot collection program for conditionally exempt small quantity gener- ators (CFSQG,,). This program also disseminates waste minimization information to the CESQGs and compiles information on their pollution prevention activities that are eventually disseminated to similar businesses. In the area of household hazardous waste, city resi- dents have been inundated with public information cai,tpaigns and publications promoting proper manage- ment. usin17 safer products. buvinR only what is needed, and recycling,. For those who want to act rid of their household hazardous waste, the city has provided a per- manent household hazardous waste collection facility which has been another significant educational tool in pollution prevention. The city is trying to measure household hazardous waste reduction by surveying users of the facility on how their buying habits have chanced. WPPP's P2 activities target business, industry, and residential sectors. WPPP develops educational materi- als for the general public and technical assistance materials for individuals, specific business, and indus- try. WPPP also conducts steering committees, workshops, presentations and other public participatory projects. Resources Used Staffing Resources The above mentioned lead agencies have staff devoted to P2 work in the following manner: First, in the HWMP, there are five staff devoted to P2 work. The Hazardous Waste Program manager works on P2 approximately 75 percent of the time, including the area of household hazardous waste. Two assistant program managers are fully budgeted for P2 work to help city departments and the private sectors. Additionally, there are two graduate student interns who provide support to the assistant program managers. Finally, staff resources are frequently augmented by outside contractors for specific projects. WPPP has two full -time staff. Staff are dedicated to 5 ra -C --o,. Califoi rnia public education, source identification. ;and source :oij trol strategies. Expenditures and Funding Sources Exclusive of salaries, the folio%v in« h,i\ e been burl geted/spent for P2 work for fiscal year 199-1 -1995 (fiscal year ends June 30th ) HWMP's Budget In coordination with other San Francisco Bay Area counties development of a Green Business Recognition Program Green Ribbon Panel Awards to recognize exemplary environmentally conscientious businesses Further development of the Hazardous Material, Resource Center, which �yill be open to the public in the future Informational booklets and brochures Computer Data Base Service to obtain information identifying safer products Small Business Waste Reduction Grants Public outreach campaigns �','ritten Materials and Technical Assistance Sources urces Used The Cit' :111d Countv of San Francisco uses a variety Ot document,, including EPA's P2 facilities management "LlIdes, state materials, material from other non -profit �,r«anizations. and material from other local govern- ments which is col1� ,,„d from all Bay Area and California agencies for each others use. Public or Private Sector Partners The Printing Industry of Northern California. San S6.376 Francisco Dental Society. California Dental Society. American Dental Association and Hospital and metal finishing associations have been partners. S7.�,()O Outcome and 57.335 Accomplishments S50,000 52,000 525,000 520.000 Support for waste classification and help city departments implement waste reduction $0,000 Total $138,211 Note: The above does not include a couple of projects continued over from the previous fiscal year. WPPP's Budget Public education Cooling towers $178,000 Small businesses, e.g.,screen printers, $76,000 jewelers, and automotive services Total $79,000 $330,000 HWMP is funded by the impound account -- the Qarbage monies. Very infrequently this is supple - »>r:nted by small state grants. WPPP is funded by the sewer service charge. j Assessment of Effectiveness The city has done very well in meeting and pursuing its goals. especially those related to the private sector and household hazardous waste. The city has used various techniques, manifest data, and surveys over the last few years to assess progress in waste minimization. The manifest data appears to show that the city has done a better job in waste reduction for the period 1989 to 1992 than perhaps seven of the eight other counties in the San Francisco Bay Area, taking into account changes in the number of generators and employment data. Some Bay Area counties have had totals similar or slightly higher for the period, whereas, the city has shown an approximately 25 percent decrease in its waste totals. This achievement is matched by only one other San Francisco Bay Area county. Since the inception of the P2 program, surveys have been done as a matter of course to assess the effectiveness of projects. Finally, a recent study's pre- liminary results show that almost all the facilities demonstrating waste reduction practice at least one method of waste minimization and the most common techniques are better management practices and house- keeping. Fifty percent of the facilities received information from HWMP and 21 percent have expressed interest in participating in a city- sponsored waste minimization assessment. The next phase of the survey is to verify waste minimization claims by con- ducting on -site waste assessments. Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: s A Compendium of Case Studies i San Francisco, California' In the area of household hazal'doll, «acre. ,tu \ e\ show that 75 percent of the u,er, of the city's house- hold hazardous waste collection f<<cilit\ have heen buying less toxic or safer products. To verify this. the city has evaluated the volume of waste hrouLht in by participant,. These hay e slio%v n ,ignifieant decrease, for the last several years. For example. each participant brought in 9.4 gallons in 1955 ( the ear of inception when there were 50 participants per week) verso, 7.0 gallons in 1993 twhen there ��ere _'25 participants per week) and 40 percent of the users were new. Over the past 15 years. the quality of the influent to the city, water pollution control plant has improved. Specifically. from 1975 through 1990, the total heapv metal mass loadinLT into the SF«VPCP (influent) decreased 91 percent. Alost of thi, reduction can he attributed to the city's aggressive pretreatment program. However. it appears that the WPPP has played a significant role in reducing the silver levels in the influent from photo finishers and printers when they were added to the list of rep =Mated ,ilver dischar�__- ers. A second method that `v'4'PPP uses to measure the effectiveness of its program is bi- annual phone surreys of city residents, which began in 1992. The second sur- vey, in 1994, showed that, in general, residents were using toxic products.at a lower rate and that they appear to be taking a greater personal responsibility in reducing water pollution. Community and Department Gains The HWMP has, through its pollution prevention efforts, helped city departments and businesses save money and reduce exposures to toxics. In return, it has received national recognition, such as the 1992 Award for Best Local Government Reduction Program in the Nation presented by the HAZMACON Conference. WPPP's efforts are reducing the levels of toxic pol- lutants discharged to sewer systems which helps the city to meet NPDES limits. Efforts also assist busi- nesses in complying with wastewater discharge permits. Finally, efforts provide residents and small businesses with information on proper disposal outlets and product alternatives. Lessons Learned There are two basic approaches to a waste minimiza- tion program, passive and active. Passive approaches rely on such tools as newsletters. Active approaches involve soliciting participation on a one -to -one basis .md prov Min_ 011 -,11e consultations. Many waste mini - mization nroLIram, .u-e passive. San Francisco's program has element, of hoth, but is more active than passive. The passi% -e approach is less expensive, but San Frailcl,CO has found the active approach more �ffecti�e. San Fr'fflcisco believes that a model waste minimization program must contain elements of both. The city found that personalized solicitations such as telephone calls were extremely effective in getting busi- nesses to attend workshops and allow waste assessments of their facilities. Doing workshops prior to the waste assessments is another way -- the most etfectiNe ��av found to date -- to engender cooperation rrom husine,,e,. The city found that field te,tinL, educational and technical pieces -- rev ic\k by members of the target audienee -- was eery effective in producing readable any usable materials. The grant program for small businesses has been successful. The city found in implementing the grant program that the paperwork that businesses needed to fill out to apply and receive the grant was sometimes daunting. In fact. one business decided against receiv- ing the grant because of the paperwork. As a result, the city streamlined the bureaucracy. San Francisco has found that in the development and implementation of a waste minimization program, it is important to continually solicit the input and comments of businesses. San Francisco has accomplished this through focus meetings with key representatives of the target businesses at the developmental stage and through follow -up questionnaires and telephone sur- veys. The city discovered that a waste minimization pro- gram is more favorably received when it operates in conjunction with a program that addresses waste that would still be generated. It seems businesses are more receptive to waste minimization programs when they know there will be a place where they can afford to dis- pose of the waste they will continue to generate. Another observation is that success or participation might have been greater in some of the above programs if they were done in such a way that the businesses did not feel that their participation could lead to enforce- ment in other areas. The success of the waste minimization program for city departments, depends a great deal on top manage- ment's endorsement and the development of collegial relationships with counterparts in the city agencies. Otherwise, turf invasion might become a concern. One key to developing a collegial working relationship is to Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: . A Compendium of Case Studies work on projects jointly and to recognize the ronn-ibu- tions of the participating department through a jointly authored report and a recognition program. A hi« hin- drance is the bureaucratic nature of « overnment. sshich seems so often to have instilled the tear of liabilit% in government personnel. paralvzing them from attempt- ing something nest'. Overall, however. esdecialls in cases where one has control through the chain of command. it appears that is easier to try out new products or processes in a gyov- ernment setting. This is perhaps due to the fact that government is not profit oriented, making it a more conducive environment for experimentation. It appears that government and bic businesses are more likely to explore new technologies. Small bUSI- nesses with limited funds. are more risk adserse and. in some cases, must be induced by grants to rry "off -the- shelf' technologies. Also, social psychological research studies done in the early 1980's may have relevance in encouraging small businesses to implement waste reduction activities. These studies showed that rational economic models (REMS) often failed to change the behavior of small groups or individuals, especially when benefits are marginal or hard to detect in terms of energy conservation. In these cases, it seems that REMS that are presented using social psychological tools make a significant difference in changing behavior. An underlying theme is that whatever approach is used should be user- friendly and showcase peers who are already successfully using the techniques or technolo- (2ies. The latter is of paramount importance in terms of encouraging the use of new techniques or technologies. Another obvious recommendation is program elements should be affordable to the targeted businesses. Pollution Prevention Materials Available From Jurisdiction HWMP's Publications and Materials On the Safe Side Newsletter, biannually. automotive Radiator Repair Shops Fact Sheet, 1995 LiOting Manufacturing Facilities Fact Sheet, 1995 Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Facilities Fact Sheet, 1995 Reprographics Facilities Fact Sheet, 1995 Silversmithing and Electroplating Facilities Fact Sheet, 1995 lallmv Manufacturing Facilities Fact Sheet, 1995 Quick Checklist for Auto Body Repair Shops, 1994 Qrri, , : hecK' /i_si ror.4utorrrotive Repair Sltops. 1994 Quic, Checklist for Paintirr,; Contractors, 1994 Quirk Checklist for Printers. 1994 Snurlr husiness /-la,.ardou.s ltuste Reduction Technology Transfer' Oppor lunitie s and Public Assistance Needs in San Francisco - Lessons from the Lithographic Prirttin� an(l Paintin,,, Industries, August 1994 Cite Safe Fast Facts #1 - Industrial Solvents. 1994 Cite Safe Fast Facts #2 - Adhesives, 1994 Y'oru- Guide to Less Toy is Shopping, 1994 Waste Reduction Assistwice for Small Quantity Generators. 1993 Service Station Her: ardoers ttaste Reduction and .Llcurcr(ement Checklist. 1991 V4'PPP's Publications and Materials Uale r ltarriors, newsletter When Something goes Down the Drain..., general public brochure Get to the Root of the Problem, homeowners brochure Help Paint the Town Green, pollution prevention tips for painting contractors The Green Wrench Guide, pollution prevention tips for auto repair & body shops R,v of a Health• Environment, pollution prevention tips for hospitals and medical office buildings Estuarviu'ise, brochure for citizens Public Education Plan, document Clean Image, pollution prevention tips for photopro- cessing and printing operations Note: Both the HWMP and the WPPP produce a vari- ety of bill inserts, bus transit signs, point -of- purchase posters, and door hangers. Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: . A Compendium of Case Studies Dade County, Florida Summary Dade County is comprised of a relatively small urban area, with a sprawling suburban community and an outlying rural area in the .outhcm region of the county. County Department of Env ironmental Resources Man - <«emeilt (DERM) has provided local assistance for the multitude of large, medium, and small busi- nesses and industries in need of assistance since it became appar- ent in 1992 that enforcement alone was not adequate to protect South Florida's unique environ- ment effectively. Program Description Impetus for Pollution Prevention Activity Although some pollution pre- vention (P2) activities were initiated beforehand, Dade County's pollution prevention program officially began in October 1992 with funding from the Florida Depart- ment of Environmental Protection (DEP) through Florida EPA. The duration of the grant is three years (ending date December, 1995), however DERM will continue to fund the program after the grant expires. The US Enviromental Protection Agency's Pollution Prevention Incentive for t:.;, States (PPIS) Grant was the primary impetus because it provided initial funding for the program, as well as an opportunity for the State (FDEP) and Dade County DERM to work coopera- tively on implementing pollution prevention at the local Jurisdiction: Dade County, Florida Population: Over two million Type: Urban. Suburban Contact: . Nichole `Hefty," 1'rograrri Manager Dade,Co. Dept., of Environmental Resource s:lVl anagement (DERM) 3! 33.5, n,d.,A.ve,. Suite 1200 Miami Focitln =�3i30 =1540 Phone '�31i�>372 -6825 ' Fax:: 305/372 -6760 Overall Annual Budget of County: $2 billion Lead A9'ency'Conducting'`P2 Work. Department of Environmental Resources-(DERM) level. One of the most important state and local factors providing impetus for environmental regu- lation and initiative is the fact that Southeast Florida's only source of drinking water is the Biscayne Aquifer, ranging from three to ten feet below the sur- face of the ground in Dade County. Therefore, it is impera- tive that all measures are taken to protect this aquifer from contami- nation. DERM has traditionally been an enforcement - oriented agency, until it became apparent that enforcement alone was not ade- quate to effectively protect South Florida's unique environment. This progam was established to provide local assistance to busi- nesses and industries in need of assistance. Further -more, the size and population of Dade County alone dictate that it be a leader in pollution prevention and set an example for the rest of the state. The initial program goals were as follows: • train DERM and other county staff; • provide on -site technical assistance to county departments and local industry and help them implement pollution prevention measures; • provide /host educational workshops /technology transfer for local industry, government agencies, and P2 partners: • produce and distribute P2 /waste minimization edu- cational material for local industry & county departments; and • develop partnerships and educational modules with local educational institutions (all levels). Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: A Compendium of C atP Sn i�fPc The program focuses on the follcm in-,: • solid waste mana«ement: • purchasing: • POTW: • consumer education: • fleet maintenance: • stormwater run -off: • technical assistance to businesses: • air pollution issues. • facilities /buildings: • energy conservation, • small quantity hazardous waste. • all inclusive, multi -media (primary focus): and • county departments. Strategy This program strives to implement pollution preven- tion at the local level by: 1 ) providing training to in -house staff as well as to staff of all other count\, departments. 2) sponsoring and !-_)sting multiple annual workshops, 3) producing and distributing educational material (including a quarterly newsletter with a mate- rials exchange). 4) providing on -site technical assistance to county departments and local industry, and 5) integrating pollution prevention into enforce- ment consent agreements. In -house pollution prevention measures include stan- dard office waste minimization practices such as double -sided copies, reuse of single -sided paper for printing of draft copies, and posting or circulation of memos (instead of copies for each employee). An example of a noteworthy activity is the Solvent Alternatives Exposition, held in Miami in November 1993. This exposition brought government and indus- try experts together with local and regional industry for a full -day of workshops on waste minimization, pollu- tion prevention, and solvent alternatives. It included a full exhibit floor where participants could further research the alternatives presented in the sessions and speak to representatives of companies which could pro- vide these alternatives. In addition to standard table -top displays, some vendors set up actual operating equipment. This enabled participants to bring in parts or other items that required cleaning and actually see first -hand the viability of a particular cleaning alterna- tive or type of equipment. There were more than 300 participants in this exposition and program staff still continues to get positive feedback on the event. The second annual Solvent Alternatives Exposition was held on March 7 -8, 1995 in Miami and was also a great suc- cess. This year's exposition targeted solvent alternative, and pollution prevention for the printing :nd paintir)2 industric,. a, ��ell a, cleaning applications for all t%pe. 0t indu,n�. Resources Used Staffing Resources A half -time program manager is responsible for administering the PPIS Grant and managing the P2 pro- gram and staff. (including speaking engagements, publicity. workshop organization, networking, training of county staff. technical assistance to local industrv. and production of newsletter). The program is also ,tatted b\ a full-time engineer and a part -time clerk. Tkyo administrative services staff devote 20 percent of their time. One computer services staff member works half time for the P) program. In addition 13 staff members from various DERM divisions also support .he project. Expenditures and Funding Sources PPIS Grant - 5300,000 over three years Montenay Agreement - 575,000 ($65,000 for program manager and S 10,000 for part -time Clerk) Joint Grant with DERM Air Section - 538,000 2 Staff from Administrative Services reassigned to assist P2 Program part -time (listed above). Written Materials and Technical Assistance Sources Used The written materials and technical assistance sources most commonly used are as follows: • EPA documents- P2 Guides, i.e. "Facility P2 Guide" • state materials- P2 Programs • material from other local governments' P2 Programs • material from universities University of Texas., Mississippi State • material from other non -profit organizations - Inform, EDF • other sources /contacts (Waste Reduction Resource Center) WRRC, Solvents Alternatives Guide (SAGE) The program keeps a large library of documents and information for assistance to industry and county IPreventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: 0 A Compendium of Case Studies departments making it difficult to name specific docu- ments. The EPA, the WRRC, and other P2 Programs have been the most helpful. Public or Private Sector Partners The following organizations have played partnership roles in the P2 program: Industry Environmental Association (IEA), Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce, Automotive Services Association (ASA), FL Dept. of Env. Protection (FDEP), Dade Co. Departments, Broward Co. Dept. of Nat. Resources Protection (DNRP), EPA Region IV, American Business Women's Association (ABWA), Miami -Dade Community College (MDCC), S. Fla. Assoc. of Env. Professionals (SFAEP). Outcomes and Accomplishments Assessment of Effectiveness Overall, the P2 program has been eery successful in meeting its goals. In addition to training several count departments and initiating P2 measures at various Dade County facilities, it has assisted several local industrial facilities. During the two- and -a- half -year span of the program. it has hosted or participated in more than 1 local and regional educational workshops addressing pollution prevention. The success of the workshops is measured bs the attendance numbers as vyell as responses to questionnaires. The newsletter has received positive feedback with many requests for peo- ple to be included on the mailing list (currently over 1.000 ). Program staff would like to provide more assistance to both local industry and count� departments. How- ever due to the small number of staff' (3 full time). it has been more effective to concentrate efforts towards education (workshops and training) to reach the great- est number of facilities and individuals. The county also hopes that more staff will be assigned to the pro- gram within the next year. which a otild :rllo\v more resources to be devoted to on -site technical assistance. Community and Department Gains Even though the program is only t��o- and- a -hah- years old, Dade County has benefited in many v,ays. Through the efforts of the pollution prevention pro- gram, DERM has gained a much better public image, particularly in the industrial community. DERM has historically been an enforcement - oriented agency and now the industrial community is beginning to see that DERM can and will extend a helping hand. Although it is hard to document, it is also anticipated that by edu- cating and assisting the regulated com- munity, the number of enforcement actions and new or repeat clean -ups (remediation) will be reduced. Furthermore, initiating pollution prevention at county facilities sends an important message to the community. This sets an example for local industry to follow and shows the entire community that the county government is dedi- cated to protecting the county's valuable resources and environment. Any facilities, private or county, imple- menting pollution prevention, benefit by becoming better educated, saving money, decreasing liability and dealing with fewer regulators (DERM enforcement). In addition, their success stories are published in the P2 newsletter, providing good public relations. The com- munity as a whole benefits from better eL:ucation and increased environmental responsiblity from industry. Lessons Learned Technical assistance is difficult with small staff. The program has been unable to conduct the number of on- site technical assistance audits originally anticipated and it is difficult to properly follow through with those facilities assisted. It has been determined that the pro - oram would more effectively benefit the community by concentrating efforts on education (workshops, train- ing. newsletter. etc.). The program has also obtained assistance \N ith on -site technical audits from Florida DEP's Retired Engineers VA'aste Reduction Assistance Program (REWRAP). The bureaucratic system is a general barrier Bur- densome procedural requirements and delays present many barriers. For example. it is often difficult to pro- duce educational workshops in a timely and efficient manner. It is imperative that program staff plan well in advance. The program also established a Pollution Pre- vention Trust Fund from which it will finance workshops. This mill alloy staff to bypass the cumber- some and time- consuming county bid process. DERM'.s repwation. Due to DERM's his - tor< Lind reputation of strict enforcement. local industry is skeptical of the 1:12 program's offer of technical assis- tance. afraid this may be a coy means by which regulators can infiltrate their facilities and are hesitant to invite DERM into their facilities. This is being over- come by having the state's retired engineers help with Preventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: A Compendium of Case Studies on -site audits (local facilities are less afraid of the state) and by working closely with local trade associa tions (i.e.. ASA. IEA. etc.). The trade association, are an extremely important ally because thev introduce the program and its benefits to their memhers and promo[e the validity and value of the P2 programs assisruHce and workshops. The success of the workshops has also been important in demonstrating to the community that DERM is really willing to provide assistance and that this assistance is valuable. Furthermore. those facilities that have received technical assistance from the pro- gram are publicizing its good work. It is difficult to o,ercone inertia. The difficulty of enticing people to change is well documented and Dade County's program has encountered that internally. within the department. as well as externally. Those who are accustomed to being regulators are hesitant to give up the ticket book, and "Notice of Violations" and offer P2 solutions instead (in enforcement settlements). Similarly, field inspectors who are accustomed to look- ing for violations and issuing notices are hesitant to offer "low- tech" P2 tips in the field. A persistent edu- cation campaign and encouragement, as well as involvement in the P2 program and decision - making process (for enforcement settlements) is helping to overcome this barrier. It has also been difficult to implement the P2 ethic throughout the department for a number of reasons. This is being overcome by involv- ing all sections. 'allowi(, them to initiate their own P2 easures, anti encourag m ing other sections to do the say »e (rather than hay in2' �tll P2 tips and encouragement collie only from the P2 Program). This requires 'a CO(Terati\e etl,ort which. in itself', is sometimes diffi- cult to oh[aln Ill suCh an organization. Pollution Prevention Materials Available from Jurisdiction I Pollution Prevention Quarterly (Newsletter) New Best Management Practices and P2 Tips booklets lrnlrlementin Pollution Prel,ention at the Local Level Guidebook (currently being developed, will be com- pleted by October. 1995 ) Additional Comments Considering that this program has only been in exis- tence for tv\o and a half vears. has a staff of three and operate, on a budget of S 100.000 per year, staff believes the program has made substantial accomplish - ments. Dade County's program has developed a reputation throughout Region IV as one of the leading pollution prevention programs. The program has set a prime example of how successful pollution prevention efforts can be implemented at the local level. The county hopes that, with the assistance of this guide- book, other local govermrtents and organizations will follow its lead. eventing Pollution in our Cities and Counties: OMW A Cnl- 71C)Pnrliin„ of Cam Studies P2 -*Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance http://www.igean.org/htrnl/p2-8.cftn Animal Feed Ops n Go! s. A"ifl*ncft N *hV"k Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance Introduction Pollution prevention (P2) opportunities abound in vehicle and equipment maintenance. Usually three factors contribute to the level of success of a P2 plan. The first factor involves auditing current procedures, researching P2 opportunities, and committing to make appropriate and beneficial changes. This step requires researching alternative products and funding equipment purchases. The second factor is funding. Generally present funding can be re- appropriated in a phased plan to purchase new equipment, products and/or contract services. The third factor deals with the regulatory requirements and contract services available based on the facility's location. Some facilities base their decisions for a P2 plan on the regulatory requirements found in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) laws and/or stricter local regulations. P2 technology with this approach will enhance the safety of workers, improve regulatory compliance, and may lower operating cost of a facility. There are many options for P2 depending on the waste stream's characteristics and regulatory requirements. Some of the best ideas for P2 can come from the mechanics who perform the task everyday, but changing old habits is the key to P2 success. The single most important thing to remember is that P2 can play an important role in any plan as long as appropriate research and planning is performed. The following separated waste streams offer suggestions for evaluation to determine if these P2 opportunities exist in your facility. Typical Wastes Generated • Cleaning solvents. • Anti - freeze /coolant. • Used/soiled shop rags. • Unrecovered freon from a/c. • Oil/lubricants. • Scrap metal. Parts Cleaning Systems There are many different types of parts cleaning systems. Some utilize a pump to circulate cleaning solvent/solutions that clean parts. These machines can be managed by the facility or contracted to a service that maintains the system and hauls away any generated waste. The type of system and the solvent/solution (organic based, aqueous, citrus based, etc.) used in the system will determine regulatory management requirements and P2 opportunities. Some systems have a distiller to clean the solvent and a reservoir tank to hold the waste that is "cooked" out, while others utilize filters to extract impurities. Protecting the integrity of the cleaning solvent/solution in order to extend its life and reduce disposal quantities is P2. For example, by managing your own system that utilizes filters, you can change the filters based on the system's use before they reach a regulated threshold and not because of a pre -set contracted service. Also, there are aqueous, semi - aqueous, and citrus -based systems that offer unique opportunities for P2. With any of these types of systems, it is important not to 1 of 5 7/26/99 4:00 PM P2 'Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance http://www.Igean.org/htmUp2-8.cfm introduce any non - compatible solvents /solutions into them that would cause them to become regulated hazardous waste. [► •YTiT • •I • rIAMITromwn • Utilizes non - chlorinated solvents in the system. • High flash point solvent of 143 degrees or higher. • Can meet all regulatory requirements regarding disposal of filters. >143 • Closing the lid when the system is not being used to reduce evaporation. • OSHA safety requirements for use are minimal. Some factors for aqueous solution systems: • The system cleans to the standard required for the part to function properly. • There will be minimal regulatory restrictions if disposal of the solution is required. • A balance can be maintained for the bioremediation in the system to work properly. Key Tips: Maintain the solution/solvent integrity to extend its life and increase frequency of filter replacement to reduce disposal costs of solvent/solution. Let the part sit in the wash basin and drip dry to reduce solvent "drag out" loss. Choosing aqueous systems may reduce regulatory requirements all together. Pressurized/Aerosol Cleaners Never use chlorinated solvents /solutions in any application to clean parts. Avoid using any aerosol cleaning products that are not RCRA approved. The use of these types of solvents /solutions can cross contaminate fluids and make them regulated under RCRA and increase OSHA requirements. Solvent/solutions purchased in bulk and applied with self - pressurizing applicators will reduce the use of the product and waste containers. Pre- cleaning with a putty knife and wire brush and utilizing recyclable shop rags will also reduce disposal cost and excess use of solvents /solutions. Verify compatibility of the solvent/solution with the parts washer's solvent/solution. Aqueous solutions may be the best option when utilized properly. There are pre - cleaning solvents /solutions that can affect the parts washing tank if, after use, further cleaning of a part is required in that system. Eliminate overuse and set standards on the amount of cleaning required for the particular part to function properly. • • • • • FolanyorTWU71 - • Use non - chlorinated solvents. • Choose a solvent/solution compatible with the parts washer. • Verify solvent/solution content with RCRA/OSHA regulations. • Does the manufacturer /supplier offer system product support and/or training? Key Tips: Utilizing a scraping device and/or wire brush, recyclable shop towels, and a non - regulated RCRA solvent/solution will reduce usage and hazardous waste regulatory requirements. Low VOCs and the reduction of potentially toxic vapors will be less harmful to the employee. Anti- freeze/Coolant Using manufactured specified anti - freeze /coolant is required to maintain warranties and extend the life of the vehicle /equipment. There are some ways to recycle anti - freeze /coolant to manufacture specifications and reuse on -site. Verify the vehicle /equipment warranty will be honored if this re -used anti - freeze /coolant is utilized. One method to recondition used 2 of 5 7/26/99 4:00 PM P2 - Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance http://www.Igean.org/htmi/p2-8.cftn anti - freeze /coolant is to utilize a mobile service to perform on -site recycling at your facility. Verify that the service is licensed and has a neutral third party laboratory's test results to prove the system works and they guarantee the system's product. Another approach is to purchase your own on -site recycling machine. This allows you to fully manage the systems use and the quality of the product it produces. Either one of these will reduce new product purchases, RCRA disposal costs, and insure a readily available product. Some factors to look for in choosing the best method for the facility: • Verify warranty coverage of the vehicle /equipment for the system/service chosen. • Verify disposal approval for filters generated from recycling system. • See if bulk containers for used/recycled anti - freeze are available and proper storage can be achieved. Key Tip: Whatever method is chosen, make sure testing and warranties of the system's product is backed and the manufacturer of the vehicle /equipment allows for the use of the reconditioned anti - freeze /coolant. Shop Rags Do not use disposable shop rags. Contract with a service to provide reusable rags for the facility as needed. Provide mechanics with a certain amount to perform the job. Require them to bring back and exchange used rags for new rags. Verify the service provider has an approved method and facility for recycling the rags. The only exception to utilizing a service is if the facility's non - regulated waste is disposed at a Waste -to- Energy plant that can incinerate waste rags. Remember to never use chlorinated solvents regardless of the recycling/disposal method. Some factors to look for in selecting a service: • A regulatory approved method for the facility where the rags will be recycled. • Will set a pick -up schedule for the used rags as required by your facility. • Offers different rag selection based on the use for the facility. Key Tip: Use as few rags as possible and always utilize a service to recycle them at an approved facility. Air Conditioning There are several manufacturers that have different machines that will recover freon from a system for off -site recycling. Other machines recover and recycle the freon and then place the recycled freon back into the repaired unit. These types of machines reduce new freon purchases and disposal cost associated with the management requirements of the waste stream. If repair of this type of equipment is performed off -site, verify their practice for handling generated waste. Some factors to look for in selecting a machine: • It is regulatory approved and registered. • Backed by third party test results verifying efficiency. • Has factory warranty and supplier training. Lubricating Oils There are several types of lubricating oils in the various types of vehicles /equipment in use today. Changing these oils should be performed as determined by the use and not specific timed dates. If the vehicle /equipment is 3 of 5 7/26/99 4:00 PM P2 - Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance http : / /www.Igean.org/html/p2 -8.cfm underutilized and /or is only needed for a specific task, changing the oils by a timed date is a waste of resources. Synthetic oils generally have a longer span of time for use before a change is required. When choosing the correct lubricant, verify warranty approval and track the miles/hours of use of the product in the vehicle /equipment. Check various options of disposal to see if refining of the waste oils is available over fuel blending for incineration. Keep non - compatible oils separate from one another to reduce possible cross contamination and increased disposal cost. Metal Recycling Most parts replaced are made of metal. Some metal parts must be exchanged for the new part when purchased. However, there are many that can be recycled thereby saving the facility from disposal cost. Lead tire weights, broken engine brackets, nuts and bolts, and body parts are just a few that have value for recycling. Set up places to store the recyclable metal, preferably out of the weather, and contract with a scrap dealer to pick -up what is recycled at the facility on an as needed basis. Some scrap dealers will supply the container to the facility for the storage of the metal to be recycled. The scrap dealer may require separation of the different metal types. Conclusion Pollution prevention (P2) will have a positive effect on procedures /processes and regulated waste generated at the facility when the P2 concept is initiated. When product use is reduced and/or eliminated, the reduction of manufacturing, transporting, and handling are all affected. This allows the need for energy and raw material reductions to occur. Although the facility may not benefit entirely from this occurrence, the entire scope of pollution prevention for the industry does. Changing procedures and incorporating new technology to reduce or eliminate waste is true pollution prevention and must be encouraged from top management to every employee. The major key to incorporate a successful P2 plan is to utilize current funds and available resources to implement the changes required in the plan. Inventory control, product research, operational procedures, and regulatory compliance requirements all must be evaluated before implementation occurs. Evaluate and document current product uses and procedures to verify the extent of the P2 plan's success at the facility. Success Story The purpose of this case study was to evaluate and eliminate violations and the potential to violate the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) at Lee County's Fleet Management Facility, to reduce associated liabilities regarding the Facility's employees' health and safety, to implement and utilize Best Management Practices (BMP's), Pollution Prevention (P2) technologies and Preferable Purchasing Techniques (PPT) where possible and to perform research and institute Recycling Procedural Requirements (RPR) where profitable. The Fleet Management Facility maintains over 1600 pieces of equipment from lawn mowers to heavy equipment utilized by various departments in Lee County. Several violations of RCRA were discovered in 1992 and Lee County was required by the Board of County Commissioners to fix the situation so violations did not occur again. A corrective plan was the first task, and later another operations plan was written to include Pollution Prevention (P2), Best Management Practices (BMP's), and Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (R3). The later plan initiated a three -year phased process that covered"product substitution and/or elimination, equipment/chemical purchasing requirements, and employee training. Eauioment Specifications/Models Purchased to Promote P2. BMP's and R3: Parts Washer: Zep Dyna Clean Parts Washing System - A three staged filter system which utilizes Zep Dyna 143 °6 Cleaner Degreaser. Utilizing this system allowed for the total elimination of hazardous waste that was being generated 4 of 5 7/26/99 4:00 PM P2 - Pollution Prevention in Vehicle/Equipment Maintenance and then shipped off -site for disposal. http : / /www.Igean.org/html/p2 -8.cfm Anti -freeze Recycler: FPPF Gly Clean Anti -freeze Recycling System Model ARS 100. Used to filter impurities from used anti - freeze before chemically balanced to manufacturer specifications. This closed loop approach is the only way to insure compliance is achieved and product integrity. As long as filters are changed appropriately, they do not accumulate regulated heavy metal amounts. Also, performing on -site recycling of the anti -freeze saved money required for new product purchase, testing to determine if it was a hazardous waste and transportation/disposal cost. Air Conditioning Reclaimed/Recycler: Refrigerant Technology Inc. Model # RRC -751 and RRC770- R134A. Copeland Inc. Model # PC -1. This machine cut the cost of freon purchases by 82 %, with zero waste to dispose. Self - Pressurizing Solvent Sprayer: Zep Model B Pressure Sprayer. Utilize Zep Brake Wash Product Number 0505. In conjunction with recyclable rag service, no regulated hazardous waste. Also, changing to manual pressurizing dispensers eliminated use of chlorinated solvents. Cost Savings Estimate: The cost for hazardous waste disposal was reduced 100% for savings of $16,800 per year for an average year's cost. This includes solvent disposal contracts, anti -freeze disposal, and freon disposal. Recycling of fluids such as anti - freeze, used oil, parts cleaning solvent, and freon also reduced the facility's liability and saved in new product purchases. For more information contact Dale Nottingham (see below). Additional References: Local, State, and National Vehicle Trade Associations National Pollution Prevention Roundtable State Pollution Prevention Roundtables National Association of Counties EPA Website For more information. contact: Dale L. Nottingham - Lee County Small Quantity Generator Program, 1500 Monroe Street, Fort Myers, FL 33901, Phone: (941) 479 -8126, e-mail: nottindl@bocc.co.lee.fl.us. of 5 7/26/99 4:00 PM P2 - H1.13. Purchasing Practices That En ... tory Compliance and Pollution Prevention http : / /www.Igean.org/html/p2 -6.cfm .+.'� I ack to P2 Table of Contents I Purchasing Practices That Encourage Regulatory Compliance and Pollution Prevention Introduction Local governments use numerous products to perform public services. Product manufacturing (including raw material extraction), transportation, use, and disposal can generate byproducts that stress local and global environmental resources and pose health threats to product users and the public. By incorporating environmental and health criteria into purchasing specifications, local governments can avoid the use of �--� Anima! Feed Ops n potentially harmful chemicals, reduce the risk of accidents and toxic releases, and more easily achieve regulatory compliance. Localities are also discovering they can Go! I' save money by reducing the amount of hazardous materials they handle and by purchasing energy efficient equipment. Presidential Executive Order 13101 (which strengthens Executive Order 12873) "Greening the Government Through Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisition," has directed federal agencies to increase their demand for recycled content products and other environmentally preferable products and services. Many local and state governments have voluntarily adopted policies that support the Executive Order and have increased their procurement of recycled products and products that are less hazardous, non - toxic, energy efficient, and that generate less waste. Typical Products Purchased by Local Governments and Environmentally - Preferable Product Alternatives The composition of wastes and the types of emissions generated by local government is directly affected by the products they purchase. Choosing environmentally - preferable alternatives to products that are considered hazardous, or that contribute to wastes covered under environmental regulations, is a preventative strategy available to any agency involved in product requisition. Please refer to the accompanying local government operations in this manual for specific wastes generated and pollution prevention opportunities. (This is a sample of products purchased by local governments and includes environmentally preferred alternatives to consider. This does not constitute an endorsement of any particular products. All products should be researched and tested.) (Department/Operation Products Environmentally - Preferred Purchased ]Alternatives Construction Site Fill/Base Containing Fill/Base Material Recycled Materials (stone, dirt, etc.) (recycled concrete, glass, li or asphalt) uilding Materials Recycled Content Building Materials of 5 7/26/99 4:02 PM P2 - ill.B. Purchasing Practices That En ... tory Compliance and Pollution Prevention http : / /www.Igean.org/html /p2 -6.cfm 2 of 5 7/26/99 4:02 PM Electrical Equipment Energy- Efficient Equipment and Building Adhesives Design (low- mercury fluorescent lights; energy Petroleum -Based efficient HVAC; etc.) Solvents and Cleaners Vegetable -Based Adhesives Petroleum -Based Paints Vegetable /Citrus -Based Solvents Water -Based Paints Vector/Pest Chemical Integrated Pest Management Pesticides and Management (mechanical, Herbicides physical, and biological pest control techniques; least- hazardous chemical ;options) Public Safety Fire Response and:, Ozone -Safe Fire Suppression Extinguishers Mercury Batteries ! Mercury-Free and Rechargeable Batteries Mercury Thermometers Mercury-Free Thermometers Lead Bullets I Ceramic Bullets (for firing, j range use only) Solid Waste Vehicle Fuel Alternative Fuels (natural Management (gasoline, diesel gas, propane, solar fuel) generated electricity, etc.) Recycling Bins Recycled Content and Residential Recycling Bins and Trash Trash Cans Cans Wastewater Chlorine, Ultraviolet Osmosis Collection and Hypochlorite Treatment Vegetable -Based Petroleum -Based Lubricants Lubricants Vegetable /Citrus -Based Petroleum -Based ' Solvents; Aqueous -Based Solvents Parts Washers Vehicle/Equipment Petroleum -Based Aqueous -Based Cleaners; Maintenance and Chlorinated Microbial Agents; Solvents (parts Vegetable /Citrus -Based washers, brake Solvents; Aerosol -free 2 of 5 7/26/99 4:02 PM P2 - III.B. Purchasing Practices That En ... tory Compliance and Pollution Prevention http://www.Igean.org/html/p2-6.cfm ve Recycled Automotive Fluids (re- refined motor oil and recycled propylene glycol antifreeze) Tires; Tires with Printing Petroleum -Based fi SoyNegetable -Based Inks Inks; Water - Washable Ink Systems Perchloroethylene;! Petroleum Vegetable Ester Solvents; Distillates Terpene -Based Solvents (blanket washes) Administration JElectronic Office Energy- Efficient Office Office Furniture (Refurbish Used Furniture aper Supplies; Post - Consumer Recycled aper Use Content, Chlorine -Free Paper; Double -Sided oner Cartridges Copying; Reuse of Scrap lRemanufactured Toner Cartridges Top Pollution Prevention Opportunities 1. Pass a purchasing policy that promotes the integration of environmental and health criteria in all product specifications. 2. Form an interdepartmental committee to investigate environmental purchasing opportunities. 3. Educate entire staff about health effects associated with chemicals commonly found in the products they use or are exposed to, and provide information on alternatives. Prompt users to choose environmentally preferable products. 4. Involve product end -users throughout the decision making process, request that vendors perform product demonstrations for staff, and compare products. 5. Choose one department/operation at a time to incorporate environmentally preferable products. Review final product specifications with product user or operation supervisor to ensure that their needs are satisfied. 6. Review all purchases and product Material Safety Data Sheets for potential environmental and, health impacts associated with products being purchased. 7. Avoid purchasing products that are potentially harmful to the user, public, or environment, e.g. contain known or suspected carcinogens and other toxic ingredients. 8. Prevent the generation of hazardous wastes in operations by eliminating products that contain hazardous ingredients. 9. Participate in cooperative purchasing ventures with other jurisdictions, your state, and vendors to increase availability of environmentally preferable products and reduce internal costs associated with the formal bid process. 10. When researching environmental purchasing, utilize resources and expertise 3 of 5 7/26/99 4:02 PM P2 - 11I.B. Purchasing Practices That En ... tory Compliance and Pollution Prevention http://www.Igean.org/html/p2-6.cfm available from vendors, manufacturers, government agencies, non - profit and other organizations. 11. Consider environmental and health impacts associated with a product's life cycle prior to drafting bid specifications ( "product life cycle" includes raw material extraction or development, product manufacturing, transportation to market, product use, and disposal). 12. Implement waste reduction activities (e.g., implement lease agreements that require vendors to take responsibility for products as they become obsolete; require prospective bidders to avoid excess paper and packaging in their bid and proposal submittals such as avoiding plastic covers and dividers, using both sides of paper, and use post- consumer recycled content paper; specify copiers and printers with double -sided printing capabilities; etc.) 13. Begin an energy conservation program and invest in energy - efficient equipment and building design (specify EPA "Energy Star" certified equipment and require equipment installers to activate efficiency features upon product installation). Success Story The City of Santa Monica, California, transformed its purchasing practices to promote environmentally - friendly products without compromising performance standards or budgetary requirements. As a result, Santa Monica has reduced its annual use of chemicals considered to be hazardous or toxic by 3,200 pounds and has proven the City's commitment to provide a safe and healthy environment for its employees and the public. Other accomplishments include: • Replaced cleaning products with less toxic or nontoxic alternatives in 15 or 17 product categories, reducing spending on custodial products by approximately 5 percent; • Reduced pesticide use by developing an effective integrated pest management system covering all City facilities, saving 30 percent in pest management costs; • Purchased re- refined motor oil for all vehicles maintained by Fleet Maintenance Division which costs up to 25 percent less than virgin motor oil and, uses less- toxic, water -based brake cleaners and parts washers; • Powered 20 percent of its 585 vehicle fleet with less - polluting alternative fuels including compressed natural gas, electricity, and propane; and • Purchased a wide range of recycled products including office paper, recycled paint, trash can liners, and retread tires. For more information about Santa Monica's environmental purchasing efforts, including specifications for Integrated Pest Management and custodial products, contact Deborah Raphael of the Environmental Programs Division at (310) 458 -2255. To receive a copy of the Santa Monica Environmental Purchasing Case Study, contact the U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention Clearinghouse at (202) 260 -1023 or E -mail: P in c @epamail.epa.gov. Additional Resources National Association of Counties (NACo) Environmental Purchasing Project, 440 First Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001; phone: (202) 393 -6226, (www naco org/programs /environ/purchase cfm). Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Listserve ( EPPNET). Established and maintained by the Northeast Recycling Council (802) 254 -3636. To subscribe to EPPNET, send an e-mail message to (lyris @aladdin.webrover.com) with SUBSCRIBE EPPNET <FIRST NAME> <LAST NAME> on the subject line or in the body of the message. U.S. EPA Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program, U.S. EPA (7409), 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 ( htip: / /www.epa.gov /opntintEL=). U.S. EPA and DOE Energy Star Program, U.S. EPA (6202J), 401 M Street, SW, 4 of 5 7/26/99 4:02 PM P2 - ill.B. Purchasing Practices That En ... tory Compliance and Pollution Prevention http : / /www.lgean.org/htmUp2 -6.cfm Washington, DC 20460 (888) 782 -7937, (httl2://www.el2a.gov/al2,12dstar/buildin2s,htmi). Office Green Buying Guide and Choose Green Reports: Green Seal, 1400 16th Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20036 -2215; phone: (202) 588 -8400, (www.greenseal org). Scientific Certification Systems, 1939 Harrison Street, Suite 400, Oakland, CA, 94612; phone: (510) 832 -1415, (www.scsl corn/). Toxic Turnaround - A Guide to Reducing Pollution for Local Governments, Environmental Health Coalition, 1717 Kettner Blvd., Suite 100, San Diego, CA; phone: (619) 235 -0281, (www.environmentalhealth or ). Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Green Building Design, Construction, and Operations, Public Technology, Inc. (PTI), the U.S. Green Building Council ( USGBC), U.S. DOE, and U.S. EPA; printed copies available for purchase from PTI at (301) 490 -2188, and from USGBC at USGBC -SF, 90 New Montgomery Street, Suite 1001, San Francisco, CA 94105. Environmental Purchasing Model Resolutions from Local Governments, National Association of Counties, 440 First Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20001; phone: (202) 393 -6226, ( www. naco. org[�rograms /envirorn/gurchase cfm). "Pollution Prevention Questionnaire for Municipal Departments" and "Procurement Recommendations Applicable to Multiple City Departments and Agencies," Environmental Defense Fund, 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 1016, Washington, DC 20009; phone (202) 387 -3500; contact Lois Epstein (Lois Epstein @edf org). fRack to P2 Table of Contentsl 5of5 7/26/99 4:02 PM