MacPlaza1 City-CS 960710~ 1 ~J5~0999
V!LBIG & ASSOCIATES, !NC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND SURVEYOR
FAX COVER SHEET
PLEASE DELIVER THE FOLLOWING PAGES TO:
S
NUMBER OR PAGES'.: ,5'-
(INCLUDING COVER LE'ITER)
SHOULD YOU HAVE ANY TROUBLE RECEIVING THESE PAGES, PLEASE CALL
(214) 352-7333 AND LET US KNOW SO THAT WE CAN IKE-TRANSMI~.
10132 MONROE DRIVE *
PIIONE NUM'BER (214) 352-7333 *
DALLAS, TEXAS 75229
FAX NUMBER (214) 352-0999
. VIL~I~ ~ A$~OCIATES~ I~C 214~52~9~9
Guide for Design and ConStruction
of Concrete Parking Lots
Reported by ACl Committee 330
american concrete institute
Contra..___.~cti_on joints create p. lanes of w_cak!~c~ tha_t suh-
~ cracks as the concrete s_~.brinJ~. The planes
~~-c-'~'~t'~ '~hile the Concrete is still plastic
by usipg a grooving tool or by inserting a prcmotdcd fiiler
strip. Or, a groove can be saw cut into the concrete soon
after it has hardened. The depth ot' the joint should be at
least ~ne-quartcr of the slab thickuess, q'hc width of the
groov~ will depend upon whether or not the joint is to be
sealedr A narrow joint width, generally 1/10 to 1/8 in. wide,
is ~mmon for uusealed joinls. Follow joint sealant manufac.
turer ~e~mmendalions for the depth and width dimensious
of joints that are to be sealed.
C~ntraction joints are normally called Iransverse or
Iongd~dmaI in streets and drives, in parking areas, long-
itudinal joints refer to those paralteI to the direction of
pavin~. Tran~er~e joints divide the paving lanes into panels.
ql~e c6ntraction joi~t pattern should divide the pavement into
panels~, that are approximately square. ~le leugth of a panel
may b9 25 percent greater than the width. Joint patterns
across lanes should be ~ntinuous. In plain parking lot pave-
meats,~. maximum spacing should be about 30 times thc thick.
ness of the slab up to a maximum of 15 feet. See Table 2.7.1.
In marly instances the jointing pattern can be used to deline-
ate dr{ving lanes and parking stalls.
Table 2.7, I~Recommended transverse joint spacings
Concrctc thJckfics,% ~m M;'u~hnum joi~:I spacing,
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
over 6.0
VILBIG & ASSOCIATES, INC 2145520999 P. 05
8.0
10.0
10.0
12,5
12.5
15.0
15.0
2'7'2~C°nstructi~OdLl'oints--Construction _ioiu t s provide
interface between areas of concrete placed at differ~m time? _
~f~~t, ~ey ma~ be ke ed or butt
t~ se, and they may be trod or not tied. Butt-typ~ts do n~
~~~fer ?t .. ~,l lransfe~i~ot Usually required
~~ing_ligh~el~icles. ~~
~isfcr~ould be conSidered u~ l~eaW'traffi~ ~avs of
~?~'_ ......... -- ..... . ....... _ ~
-fauna or trapezoidal shape provide load transfer acres,
constr~ction joints, ff keyed joints are used, it is important to
obse~e II~e proper dimensions to avoid creating weak joinls.
Steel forms with improper ko,ay dimensions or Ieavc-in-
place keyed ~hapes should not be used. Recommended key-
way dimensions are ,hewn in Appendix C. See SecHon 2.8.2
Ibr hffo[mafion on the use of dowels.
Tr~n~'erse construction joints are de,igned for inter.
ruptioqs in paving operations such as those that occur at the
end of the day or when placing is stopped for weather or
becaus~ of equipment breakdown. Wheneve~ a cold joint may
' be caused by interrupted work, a construction joint should be
used.
When tran~crse construction joints are needed, they
ACI COMMITTEE REPORT
should be installed at contraction joint locaHons if possible.
If the thickness was established based on the assumption of
load transfer by aggregate ' ~ .
lntcrlo,ck at transverse joints,
butt-type joints shoukt have the paycmcnt edges th[ckcncd
about 20 percent. In an emergency ~ituatlon, such as lack of
materials, sudden changes in wc;~th~r, or cqu;pn~enI break-
down, it may uot be possible tot place the joint where
plan:ted. A coustruction joint may ~be made in lhe middle
third of a panel if deformed bars a~re used to prevent joh~t
movemeut that could cause reflcctive cracking in the adjacent
lanes. ~
Longitudinal construction joints between paving lanes
deseme the same considerations c~ncernlng load transFec.
Keyed joints may be formed ~r slipf~rmcd. Longitudhla! cot:.
struction joints along the periphe~ ¢fa parking area may be
tied with deformed bars if tightne.s~ of the joints is critical
where hcaW vehicles arc expected. It is usually sufficient lo
tic only thc first joint in from thc;exterior edge. ~l~h~g of
additional joints will unduly restrict movement and cause
undesirable crncks. Sec Section 2.8.3.
Where slabs of different ' '
Ih:ckn~sscs come together al a
construction joint, such as betweeu 'automobile parking and
truck lanes, the subgrade under the (hinner pavement should
be shaped to provide a gradual tr~nsltlon in a d/stance o~
about 3 ft. :
2.7.3 lcolation johas~Concretc ~labs should be separated
from other structures or fixed objccis within 0r abutting thc
paved area ia offset the effects of t[~c differential horizon.a!
and vertical movements of the Strfictures. Isolation jobrs,
sometimes mistakenly referred t0 a~ "expansio~ joints," arc
filled with joint materials to isolate'thc pavcmc~t from thc
other types of structures normally epcountcrcd in a parking
lot. ~cse h~clude light standard fogndations, planters and
buildings. When isolation joints arc located where wheel and
other loads are applied, thc pavement edge at thc joint
should be thickened by 20 percent dr two inches, whichever
is greater. (See Fig. C-4, Appendix C).
Premolded joint fillers prevent ~l~e bonding of the paving
stab to other structures during and~after concreting opera.
tions. ~e joint filler should extend tlvough the slab thickness
to thc subgrade and should be recesged below the pavement
surface so that the jabot can be sSalcd witll joint scal0nt
materials. 'Ihe types of joint filler materials recommended
include bituminous mastic, bltumino~s impregnated cellulose
or cork, sponge rubber, or rcsht-$ound cork~ Joint fi~ler
materials should be installed in accordance w[th the recom-
mendations of the mamdacturcr.
IsobtJon joints should never be'. used within [he grid of
the pavement except where thickenc) edges a[c rcqu[rcd, as
d~scusscd above, lc used i, this ~
manner, thc isolation joint
can be a source of pavement d~strcss by allowing {n/illcatlon
of water throught thc jobt. It can also create higb ~tresses ar
thc free edges of the pavement.
2.7.4 Evmnsion joints~ExpanzioO joints in p:wcmcn ts are
provided for thc relief of forces resulting hem the thermal
expansion of thc pavement and to pefmit unrcstrah~ed dfffcr-
cntlal hoHyontal movement of adjacent pavements o~ struc-
tures. ~te designer is cautioned that~ expausiou joints whhin
VILBIG & A$SOCIATES~ INC 2145520999 P.04
the pavenilents 8r¢ difficult to con.xtruct and maintain. Their
use should be kept to the absolute minimum ncccssa~ to
prevent eXCeSsive stress in, or distortion of, the pavement.
Internal e~pansion joints should be omitted, that is, the main
body of the pavement should not contain c~)ansion joints.
When usdd in this manner, c~an~ion joint~ can often con-
tribute to :premature pavement failures.
Whcd ~ntraction joints are spaced as previously dis-
cussed, expansion joints arc not rcquircd in either the trans-
verse or ~ongitud~nal directions. 2lie practice of omitting
expansion'.joints tends to hold the interior of the pavement
areas in z~straint, thus preventing cracks and joints from
opening, and adds to the strength of the coutraction joint.
2.8~Steel, in paring lot pavements
2.8. i Distributed steel reinforcement~When joint spacings
arc in excess of those that will effectively control shrinkage
cracking dr when uncorrectable subgrade conditions may pro-
vide nonuniform support, distributed steel reinforcement is
used to cdntrol the opening of intermediate cracks. ]l~e sole
fro:etlon of thc distributed steeI rcitfforccment is to hold to-
gether th6 fracture faces if cracks should form. q]tc quantity
of ~.tccl varies depending on joint spacing, slab thickness,
coefficient of subgrade resistance, and thc allowable tensil~
stress of the steel. ~le area of slcel required per foot of slab
widdt i; ~mputcd by the following drag formula
z, Gwh
Z - (2_2)s
,4 = area of distributed steel rcinforccmcnt required/
~ foot of slab,
L ~-': distance bctween joints,
~f ~efficicnt of subgrade resistance to slab move-
mcnt (a value of 1.5 is most commonly used
~ design)
w =, weight of concrete (145 lb/ft3)
h =~ slab thickness,
I allowable tensile stress in distributed steel re-
; inforccment, pd (a value of ~ yield strength is
' commonly used)
Distributed steel reinforccn~~n pavements
with tranmers¢ jpi~t_~.~p, gs~.d~A~ tha~_ 30 times th~
khickness. Since contraction joints must be free to open,
distributed steel reinforcement is interrupted at the joints.
Because incrca,ed spacing bctwccn joints will increase joint
openings a~nd reduce a~rcgate interlock load transfer, truck
pavements with wide joint spaci~g may require load transfer
dowels. Distributed steel rcinforcement should be ~upported
on chairs br precast concrete blocks to hold it iu position,
usually about 2 in. below the top of the slab.
Whe~[ thais jointe~ to form short papqt
lenglhs tlmt will ~i~diate kracking, disti~u;e~'
PARKING LOTS
~30R-9
steel reinfo, g. Lrc_e_rl~~s. sary. 'l'~e usc of distributed
steel ,ehfforcement will notadd-tothels-ad-c,4rl~'~
~avc~ncnt, nor compensate tot poor subgrade prepara-
hen o-' r poor coffstruchon Practices. ' ": ' ' ~
2.8.2 Dowels--~xpermnc¢ has show .n that dowels or other
load transfer devices arc not needed ~for most parking lot
conditions. They may be economically }ustified where there
are poor subgrade support conditions or heavy truck traffic.
Plain (smooth) dowels across contraction joints in pave-
ments with long joint spacing provide~ load transfer while
permitting tile joints to move. Corrcci alignment and lub-
rication of the dowels is essential for ~roper joint function.
They should be plastic-coated iu areas w~here deici~g salts are
commonly used. The dowel size should be in correct propor.
tion to the pavement thickness. ReCdmmended sizes ~ltld
spacings of dowel bars~ are shown in T~ble 2.8.2. In thhmer
pavements of 7 in. and less, dowels tna~ be impractical. It is
usually more economical to keep joint s~acing close, util~ing
the benefit of aggregate interlock, and thicken the pavement
slightly, if l~¢ccssary, to reduce dcflcctJ4ns.
Table 2.8.2~Dowel size*,~
Dowel
Slab depth, Dowel cnbcdmc?t, Total dowel
in. diameter, in. {n.f i length,
5 '?'~ 5 i 12
6 Y, 6 [ 14
7 % 6 : 14
$ 1 6 '. 14
9 1V~ 7 i 16
? On each aide of joinL
:~ All~ancc madc for joint openin~ and for minor emro in pOSilion*
in8 do~cls.
2.8.3 Tie bars--Tic bars as Mtown ~n detail itl Fig.
Appcndk C, Mlould be used to tie only ]thc first lo~}gitudinat
joint from thc pavement edge to keep the outside slab [rom
separating from the pavement. Tie bar{ are not iequired
the interior joints of parking lots and etcher wide Paved a~eas
since these are confined by surroundi~zg ~labs. Tic bars should
be used on center line joints of entrance drives dud
roads if there arc uo curbs. Re[er to T~b!e 2.8.3 for ti~ bar
dimensions.
Table 2.8.3~Tie bar dimensions
S{ab 'Del)ar [ qicbar spaqing
depth, ~ize, in. [ Dislancc to ncarcst frce edge or to
itl, nearest joi,t whcrd l/lOVCment Can
'
OC¢ t t ~
6 'Ax24 13o I 30 Ii 30 [
7 V2x24 130 ] 30 I~ 30 I 20
Z
V I LB I G & ASSOCIATES, INC 2 I
P.05
VILBIG & A$SOCIATES~ INC 214~520999 P. 06
JulyS3, 1996
Mr. David Vilbig, P.E.
VilNg & Associates, Inc.
10132 Monroe Drive
Dallas, Texas 75229
~:~ First Construction Review Comments for MacA~hur Plaza fire lane and decal~plans
,
De~r Mr. Vitbig:
The City of Coppell has received and reviewed the referenced plans and has ~e following
to 6ffe,':
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
comments
Provide a coversheet with the next set of plans.
Show the radius at the locations shown.
Show the sidewalk away from the back of curb.
Provide 4" double reflective white buttons at 30" o.c. at both deceleration la~aes.
Install markings and signage at the location shown for the deceleration lanes?
Check with the fire department concerning radii requirements for the fire lane.
Provide keyway to accommodate future paving at the location shown on the plans.
8. Remove details from paving plans. All paving and storm drainage mus[ abide' by City of
CoppelI Standard Construction Details. t
9. On the grading plan, provide % grade calculations at the locations shown. A~lso show the
transverse slope and longitudinal slope for the deceleration lanes.
10. Adjust the seWer manhole to grade at the northerranost driveway.
I 1. Show the 100 year hydraulic grade line for the storm sewer profiles. ~
12. Show the flow arrows on the drainage area map at the location shown on tl:[~ plans.
13. Correct the note on the erosion control plan regarding the construction stani~,ards.
There are various other minor comments throughout the plans. Once these comments have been
addressed, the marked up plans along with two revised sets of plans should be resul?mitted to the
City for review. If you should have any questions concerning these comments, plea'se contact me
at'.304-3682.
Sincerely -; ,,,, .../..'
i,!/,,,. ..-'
Graduate Engineer
MTI RTR ~ ~n~TATF~,
~.~)v/,~,. //COMMON LANDSCAPE AREA
,,'
! /
~ / O. 440 A
/
!/
~1f I R=50.~'
//
W/CAP/ _/ CHO~D~5 74'22'3~ ~ 2~.52
~D~ ~ ~ //
! /'~ .~~'
, / EA SEMEN Ti
/ / MARKED ~DM
/ ~ ~- ~ ~ARKED._~ NDM
/
/
/ /
/
/~ /
~ / Lo:
/ MACAR~UR PLAZA
0.718 ACRES
TNF'; 71
I
~ tO' SIDEWALK &' ST
t Z~ = 1.7'25
~ L = 229.7
S.A. &' M.G. SURV£Y
SINGL ~ON THoMpso/
I /2"IRF W/CAP
MARKED NDM
A = m'4s
R = 7.,.55.6
T = I1.90'
L = 2,5. 79
SIDEWALK & ~
$43'00'00"E,: 13.~
WSABtLITY
P.PI?
)'
ABET/-CAC'f !44.2
I
~20" t
I
?EET ESM'T.,, ,
f
:2' ¢