Brighton Manor-SY040917 GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION
FOR
BRIGHTON MANOR
MACARTHUR BOULEVARD AND SAMUEL BOULEVARD
COPPELL, TEXAS
REPORT NO. S-104-0204
REPORT
STREET CUSTOM HOMES
COPPELL, TEXAS
by
GEE CONSULTANTS, INC.
GEOTECHNICAL, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
DALLAS, TEXAS
September 17, 2004
T ·
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
E o ENVIRONMENTALCONSULTING GEE Consultants, Inc.
[]· CONSTRUCTION MATERIALSTESTING
-- 10046 Monroe Drive · Dallas, Texas 75229 · (214) 352-5433
Fax (214) 352-6972
September 17, 2004
Street Custom Homes
c/o Mr. Rodney Louviere
Dowdey, Anderson & Associates, Inc.
5225 Village Creek Drive, #200
Plano, Texas 75093
RE:
Report No. S-104-0204
Groundwater Investigation
Brighton Manor
MacArthur Boulevard and Samuel Boulevard
Coppell, Texas
Dear Mr. Louviere:
This report transmits the findings of the groundwater investigation performed at the above
referenced location. The objective of this investigation was to determine the general
stratigraphy of the subsurface formations and groundwater present at the boring location.
Results of the field program were combined with a prior test boring and analyzed to provide
engineering recommendations for surface groundwater removal as requested.
The current study consisted of drilling nine (9) exploratory test borings to explore the
subsurface conditions. The location of these test borings are indicated on the Plan of
Borings included in the Appendix of this report.
Street Custom Homes ~¢ptemher 17. 2004
I. Site Location and Observations
The groundwater investigation concentrated in the area of Lots 1 thru 12, Block B,
and Lots 9 thru 10 of Block C of Brighton Manor in Coppell, Texas.
The regional topographic gradient in the area of Block B, was gently sloping
downward toward the northeast toward MacArthur Boulevard and Denton Creek
beyond. At the time of our current site investigation, streets were paved with
Portland cement concrete. Lots were cleared and brought to grade. The ground
surface was covered with exposed orange brown sandy soils, scattered shale
fragments and gravel.
II.
Field Exploration
The subsurface exploration consisted of nine (9) test borings drilled on August 24,
and September 8, 2004 to depths of two (2.0) to ten (10.0) feet. A prior auger boring
was advanced on June 4, 2004, to a depth of four (4.0) feet. The borings were
advanced at the approximate location shown on the Plan of Borings included herein.
III. Subsurface Soil Description
The subsurface materials encountered at the test boring locations consisted of clayey
sands, sands, sandy clays, silty clays, shaley clays and clays. Gravel was noted at
various depths. One (1.0) to four (4.0) feet of fill material was encountered at test
boring locations B-2, B-3, B-4, B-6 and B-9. This fill material consisted of very stiff
to hard sandy clays and silty clays. Gray shale was encountered at various depths at
several test boring locations. A summary of shale depth measurements is as follows:
DEPTHS TO SHALE AT TEST BORING
LOCATIONS
Boring Locations Depth of Gray Shale
Below Presently
Existing Grade (Feet)
B-IA 4.0
B-l, B-6, B-7 6.0
B-3, B-5 9.0
B-4 7.0
B-8 3.5
B-9 2.0
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
-- Page 2
Street Custom Homes Sentember 17. 2004
Detailed descriptions of the various strata encountered are presented on the
individual Logs of Boring in the Appendix of this report.
IV.
Surface and Subsurface Water Conditions
At the time of field exploration, groundwater or seepage was encountered at various
depths at several of the test boring locations. A summary of water depth
measurements is as follows:
SUMMARY OF WATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Boring Depth to Water Below Depth to Water Below
Location Presently Existing Presently Existing Grade
Grade (Feet) (Feet) Upon Completion of
During Drilling Drilling
B-lA** 1.0 i.0
B-1 7.0* NE
B-4 4.0 3.5
B-5 2.0 4.0
B-6 3.0 3.5
B-8 3.0 2.8
B-9 NE NE
** - Drilled During Previous Investigation On June 4, 2004
* - Seepage
NE - None Encountered
Wet spots or standing water were visually observed five (5) days after an
approximately one-half (0.5) inch rain. The standing water and wet spots were
observed along the surface of the drainage swales between Lots 7 and 8, Block B,
Lots 8 and 9, Block B, Lots 9 and 10, Block B, Lots 9 and 10, Block C and at the
surface in the northwest comer of the Lot 1, Block B building pad.
The subsurface water regime is subject to change with variations in climatic
conditions. If there is a noticeable change from the conditions reported herein, GEE
Consultants, Inc. should immediately be notified to review the effect it may have on
the enclosed analysis and recommendations. It is not possible to accurately predict
the magnitude of subsurface water fluctuations that might occur based upon short-
term observations.
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
Page 3
Street Custom Homes Sentember 17. 2004
V. Limitations
The professional engineering services performed, findings obtained, and
recommendations prepared were accomplished in accordance with currently accepted
geotechnical engineering principles and practices. The possibility always exists that
the subsurface conditions at the site may vary from those encountered at the
boreholes. If there are any unusual conditions differing significantly from those
described herein, GEE Consultants, Inc. should immediately be notified to determine
the effects on the performance of the designed surface groundwater removal system.
The recommendations given in this report were prepared exclusively for the use of
Street Custom Homes and/or their consultants. The information supplied herein is
applicable only for the design of the surface groundwater removal system. This
information should not be used for any other purpose. GEE Consultants, Inc. is not
responsible for the conclusions, opinions, or recommendations made by others based
on this information. Also, this firm is not responsible for damages caused by the
workmanship of the contractors. The quality of all phases of the construction of the
proposed surface groundwater removal system should be checked by qualified
personnel to insure that the work is done in the field in accordance with the accepted
plans and specifications.
VI. Analysis and Recommendations
A. Groundwater Observations Analysis
It is our understanding a well located in the area of Lot 1, Block B was
capped during the course of subdivision construction. Since the well has
been capped and was not under pressure (Artesian type well) it is our opinion
this is not the source of the present shallow groundwater.
It is our opinion the shallow groundwater and wet spots noted on site are
perched water. The perched water is currently present due to well above
average levels of rainfall since the first of the year (eleven (11) inches above
normal year, to-date). The perched water is the result of the rainwater
ponding on top of underlying relatively impermeable clays and shales.
Shale and shaley clay were noted at shallow depths at numerous locations in
the original and current geotechnical investigations. Soils encountered at the
current boring locations from the surface to the top of the shale and shaley
clay consisted of fill with sand and gravel, clayey sand, sand, sandy clay, and
clays, silty clays with embedded gravel and sand layers. The near surface
soils are highly permeable. It is our opinion that shallow water is being
trapped (perched) on top of the shale and shaley clay formation. The
groundwater is then traveling horizontally through the permeable soils with
embedded gravel, sand layers to the nearest point of relief.
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
-- Page 4
Street Custom Homes
Sentember 17. 2004
B. Surface Groundwater Removal System
As discussed previously, shallow ground water was encountered at test
boring locations B-lA (swale between Lots 8 and 9, Block B), B-4 (between
Lots 4 and 10, Block B), B-5 (swale between Lots 3 and 4, Block B), B-6
(swale between Lots 4 and 5, Block B) and B-8 (swale between Lots 2 and
3, Block B). In addition wet spots/standing water were observed along the
surface of the swales between Lots 7 thru 10, Block B, Lots 9 and 10, Block
C and in the northwest portion of Lot 1, Block B. We recommend improving
the drainage/groundwater conditions in the areas of test boring location B-5
(groundwater shallower than two (2.0) feet) and the above mentioned wet
spots. This will reduce potential for wet/quagmire conditions during shallow
foundation construction. Drainage improvements should include installing
drain lines.
The drain lines should be located between Lots 3 and 4, Block B, Lots 7 and
8, Block B, Lots 8 and 9, Block B, Lots 9 and 10, Block B, Lots 9 and 10,
Block C and along the backside of the pad at Lot 1, Block B (see Plan of
Borings). The upper three (3.0) feet of soil along the proposed line location
should be removed. A four (4) to six (6) inch diameter slotted PVC or
perforated pipe should be placed along the bottom of the excavation. The
removed soil should then be replaced with three-fourths (3/4) inch to one (1)
inch crushed stone to a depth of twelve (12) inches below final grade. The
crushed stone should surround the four (4) to six (6) inch pipe. The crushed
stone will do a better job of supporting surface loads.
The pipe should consist of a four (4) to six (6) inch diameter slotted PVC or
perforated pipe surrounded by four (4) to six (6) inches of three-fourths (3/4)
inch to one (1) inch crushed stone cover. The crushed stone should be placed
over, under and around the pipe. A filter fabric material should be wrapped
around the crushed stone and pipe. All fabric laps should be a minimum of
six (6) inches. The closure (fabric overlap) should be stitched at minimum
intervals of five (5.0) feet. The installation of at least two (2) clean-outs is
recommended for each lot to keep the system free of debris and functioning
properly. The pipe should be sloped to drain downward at a minimum fall
of one (1) inch per ten (10.0) feet.
In lleu of the solid pipe gravity outfall system, consideration could be given
to utilizing a sump pump collection system. The groundwater collected by
the drain pipe should be allowed to accumulate in a sump pump and pumped
through the existing curb onto the concrete pavement. __~ _ ....
Both the sdlid pip~e gravi/~ ~/i~f~ll system and/or the sump pump collection
system located in street easements will need design input from the Civil
Engineer and approval from the City of Coppell.
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
-- Page 5
Street Custom Homes
~¢ptember 17. 2004
The remaining upper twelve (12) inches of near surface backfill should
consist of a clay cap. Clay cap material should have a minimum plasticity
index of twenty-five (25) and be compacted to a minimum of ninety-five (95)
percent of the maximum density as determined by ASTM D 698.
The potential exists for groundwater to be present in lots not discussed in this
report if significant rainfall continues. If groundwater is present in grade
beam excavations, structural loads may need to be supported using pier
foundation systems. In cases where groundwater is encountered in grade
beam excavations, foundation construction may need to be delayed until
french drain(s) are installed or other measures taken.
C. Additional Recommendations and Discussion
With the exception of test boring locations B-2, B-3 and B-4, all of the test
borings were advanced in swales located between lots. The swales were
typically about eight (8) to thirty (30) inches lower than adjacent finish pad
elevations. Assuming shallow foundations will utilize grade beams founded
approximately eighteen (18) inches below grade, groundwater deeper than
thirty (30) inches below finish pad elevation will not effect the allowable
design bearing capacity. Taking into account the elevation of swales
compared to current finish pad elevations, groundwater deeper than two (2.0)
feet at the current boring locations should not effect the design of the
foundations.
To reduce potential for wet spots, we recommend ground cover or grass be
planted in current areas of wet spots and standing water. Vegetation will
promote transpiration and provide a better living surface for residents.
From up slope adjacent properties, water due to sprinklers, pools, etc. should
be prevented from draining into the area. This will reduce the potential for
wet spots and standing water on the subject site.
If persistent rainy weather continues, drain construction should be completed
at least three (3) months prior to any foundation construction. This time
period may be able to be reduced after extended dry, hot weather periods.
Drain installation in advance will reduce the potential for subgrade shrinkage
and groundwater beneath the foundation.
To ensure that the recommendations contained in this report are properly
implemented, we recommend periodic inspections be conducted during drain
construction. Additionally, we recommend confirmation of all materials to
be used prior to construction.
To reduce potential for foundation settlement due to fluctuation of
groundwater levels as a result of seasonal variations in climatic conditions,
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
-- Page 6
Street Custom Homes
Sentember 17. 2004
we recommend utilization of pier foundation system. Pier casing may be
necessary at some locations during construction.
It should be understood that groundwater levels and moisture are highly
variable and tricky. No guarantee or warranty is implied that the
recommendations outlined above will correct conditions observed, or that
detrimental conditions may not occur in the future. Our recommendations
should be reviewed by your Civil and Structural Engineer as well as your
Landscape Architect.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project. We will be happy to
discuss any questions you may have concerning this report. We look forward to serving you
in the future.
Very truly yours,
GEE Consultants, Inc.
Division Manager
Geotechnical Engineering Division
AJA:RWG/js
Attachments
President
RICHARD WAYNE GEE %
-~. 67238 ~ *. ~ '
GEE Consultants, Inc. Report No. S-104-0204
-- Page 7
~ j
Number Location Page I of I
Log of Boring [ B-lA I SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0172
Project
GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION, BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
IT Type
~ CONTINUOUS AUGER o
~.~.~ Surface Elevation ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ .~
~ o~ N/A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '~ ~ '
~o= ST~TUM DESC~PTION '~ ~ ~. ~ ~- : o~
TAN CLAYEY SAND (MOIST)
-with gravel
-hole caved in ~om 1.5' to 4.0'
4.0 END OF BOR~G
-veu hard (auger re~sal) ~ 4.0'
4.0' 6/4/2004 WATER ENCOUNTERED ~ 1.0'; GEE Consultants, Inc.
Number Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring I B-1 [ SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER 1NV., BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ ~/~ Type ~ ~
. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
4.5+ O~NGE BRO~ AND BRO~ CLAYEY SAND
-with sand and gravel
4.5 2.0 TAN AND GRAY SHALEY CLAY
4.5+ -with occasional calcium deposits ~ 3.0'
5 4.5+
6.0 GRAY SHALE
10 10.0 END OF BOR~G
Completion Depth Date [ Water Obse~ations
10.0' 8/24/2004[ SEEPAGE ~ 7.0' GEE Consultants, Inc.
Number Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring I B-2 [ SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV., BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD. COPPELL, TEXAS
~ ~E~ Type ~-L~'~
~. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
v ~ .a Surface Elevation ~
~-o ST~TUMDESC~PTION s~ ._ ~ ~=
l ~ ~ 4.5+ O~NGE BRO~ AND BRO~ SANDY CLAY
,~,'~' (Fill)
, ~, 4.5+ -with sand layers, roots ~d gravel
' ' ' 4.5+ -wi~ occasional concrete fragmen~ ~ 2.0'
-- 3.0 TAN SAND
5 4.5 5.0 TAN AND G~Y S~LEY CLAY
-with fine sand se~s
4.5+
4.5+ -with calcium deposits ~ 9.0'
10
10.0 END OF BOR~G
Completion ~p~ Date I Water Obsemations
10.0' 8/24/20241 NO WATER ENCOUNTERED GEE Consultants, Inc.
Number Location Page 1 of 1
Log of BoringIB-3 [ SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV., BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
.~ Type
~. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
~ o o~ N/A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~-~ ST~TUM DESC~PTION "= a~ ~ ~
',',', 4.5+ BRO~ SANDY CLAY (Fill)
,,,''"'~'~"'~"~''", 4.5-- 3.5 3.5 -withorangesandlayers~l.0'
4.00~NGE BRO~ SAND
5 4.5+ 5.0 TAN AND G~Y SHALEY CLAY
-with calcium deposits
3.5
4.5 9.0 G~Y SHALE
10 10.0 END OF BOR~G
Completion Dep~ Date Water Obse~ations
10.0' 8/24/2004 NO WATER ENCOUNTERED GEE Consultants, Inc.
Number Location Page I of l
Log of Boring [B-4 I SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV.~ BRIGHTON MANOR~ MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ I~r~~~'~ Type~.~
,. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
~- o -Surface Elevation . .~~ :.~~ ~ ~ m
~ravel ~
~ 4.5+ 1.0 BRO~CLAY
-Mt~ ~a ments
4.0 2.0 BRO~ AND GRAY S~LEY CLAY
~ 3.0~
~ ~ 4.00~NGE BRO~ CLAYEY SAND
5 -with gravel and sand layers
50/5" 7.0 G~Y SHALE
10.0 END OF BORING
Completion Dep~ Date Water Obse~ations
10.0' 8/24/2004 WATER ENCOUNTERED ~ 4.0'; ~ 3.5' UPON COMP. GEE Consultants, Inc
Nmnber Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring I 8-5 I SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV., BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ Type
:- ~. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING
~ '~ o~ N/A
~ ~ : o ~ ST~TUM DESC~PTION
~ravel
10 1.00~NGE BRO~ SAND
~ -wi~ iron deposits and gravel
20
10
,/././././.~ 5.5 G~Y AND TAN SHALEY CLAY
~ -with sand and gravel
~ 3.75 9.0 G~Y SHALE
I 0 100/7'
10.0 END OF BOR~G
10.0' 8/24/2004] WATER ENCOUNTERED ~ 2.0'; ~ 4.0' UPON COMP. GEE Consultants, Inc
Number Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring I B-6 [ SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV, BRIGHTON MANOR~ MACARTItUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ Type
'~ INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
~ .~ ~ Surface Elevation ~..~ '~- ~
~ ~ ~ ST~TUM DESC~PTION * ~
:l:l',~:l:l 3.0 BRO~ S1L~ CLAY (Fill)
~11111~ ~ ~ ~ -wi~ iron and occasional roots ~
-- 1.o 'O~NGE BRO~ SAND
-with gravel
;~< 4.5 BRO~ AND G~Y SHALEY CLAY
5-- ~ 4.0 -with occasional calcium deposits
6.0 G~Y SHALE
10
10.0 END OF BOR~G
Completion Depth Date I Water Obse~ations
10.0' 8/24/2004] WATER ENCOUNTERED ~ 3.0'; ~ 3.5' UPON COMP. GEE Consultants, Inc.
Number Location Page [ of 1
Log of Boring [B-7 I SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV., BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL, TEXAS ,
~ Type
~ INTERMITTENT SAMPLING
~ .~ ~ Surface Elevation
~ 6 ' -~ ~ ~ ~~~ '
~ ~ STRATUM DESCRIPTION
~ 4.0 BROWN CLAY
-with iron and sand seams
~ 4.5+ 1.o ORANGE AND GRAY SHALEY CLAY
4.5+
4.5+ 3.0 DARK GRAY SHALEY CLAY
-with calcium deposits
6.0 GRAY SHALE
10
10.0' 8/24/2004 NO WATER ENCOUNTERED GEE Consultants, lnc
Nmnber Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring I g-8 I SEE PLAN OF BORINGS S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV. BRIGHTON MANOR, MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ Type
~' INTERMITTENT SAMPLING ~
= ~ ~ ST~TUMDESC~PTION ~ = r~ ~z
O~NGE SAND
~ravel
1.00~NGE SAND
-with thio layer of river gravel ~ 3.3'
~-with shale encountered ~ 3.5' ~
3.5 END OF BOR~G
Completion3.5,Dep~ 9/8/2004 ~ WATER ENCOUNTERED ~ 3.0'~ 2.8 UPON COMP. GEE Consultants, Inc
Number Location Page I of 1
Log of Boring [B-9 I SEE PLAN OF BORING S-104-0204
Project
GROUNDWATER INV, BRIGHTON MANOR~ MACARTHUR BLVD. & SAMUEL BLVD., COPPELL~ TEXAS
~ Type
~. INTERMITTENT SAMPLING o
v .o .,a Surface Elevation ' *~ ~
~*~ ST~TUMDESC~PTION ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~*~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -with dark gray clay, pea gravel md dark gray shale
~ 1.0 X fragments /
. YELLOWISH BRO~ AND, G~Y SHALEY CLAY/
2.0 ~-wi~ shale encountered ~ 2.0
END OF BORING
2.0' 9/8/2004 NO WATER ENCOUNTERED GEE Consultants, Inc.
- Symbols and Terms Used on Boring Logs
SOIL OR ROCK TYPES
.'..c~..? ~"jI" "__'L
::::::::1
Fill
Sandy
Silty
Clayey
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Shelby Rock Split Auger No
Asphalt Tube Core Spoon Recovery
CONSISTENCY OF COHESIVE SOILS
DESCRIPTIVE TERM
Very Soft
Soft
Firm
Stiff
Very Stiff
Hard
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
(TON/SQ. FOOT)
Less than 0.25
0.25-0.50
0.50-1.00
1.00-2.00
2.004.00
More than 4.00
RELATIVE DENSITY OF COHESIONLESS SOILS
Std. Penetration Resistance Descriptive Term Relative Density
Blows/Foot
0-10 Loose 0 to 40%
10-30 Medium Dense 40 to 70%
30-50 Dense 70 to 90%
OVER 50 Very Dense 90 to 100%
SOIL STRUCTURE
Calcareous
Slickensided
Laminated
Fissured
Interbedded
Containing deposits of calcium carbonate: generally nodular
Having inclined planes of weakness that are slick and glossy in appearance
Composed of thin layers of varying color and texture
Containing shrinkage cracks frequently filled with fine sand or silt: usually more or less vertical
Composed of alternate layers of different soil types
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK
Very Soft or Plastic
Soft
_ Moderately Hard
Hard
Very Hard
Poorly Cemented or Friable
-- Cemented
HARDNESS AND DEGREE OF CEMENTATION
Can be remolded in hand: corresponds in consistency up to very stiff in soils
Can be scratched with fingernail
Can be scratched easily with knife: cannot be scratched with fingernail
Difficult to scratch with knife
Cannot be scratched with knife
Easily crumbled
Bound together by chemically precipitated material occurring in the interstices between
allogenic particles of rock quartz, calcite, dolomite, siderite and iron oxide are
common cementing materials
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCK
Unweathered
Slightly Weathered
Weathered
Extremely Weathered
GEE Consultants, Inc.
DEGREE OF WEATHERING
Rock in its natural state before being exposed to atmospheric agents
Noted predominantly by color change with no disintegrated zones
Complete color change with zones of slightly decomposed rock
Complete color change with consistency, texture, and general appearance approaching soil
SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
SYM- TYPICAL NAMES
MAJOR DIVISIONS BOLS
GW Well graded gravels, gravel sand mixtures,
C~ little or no fines.
GP, AVELS
GRAVELS (Little or
(More than no fines) Poorly graded gravels or gravel sand
50% of GP mixtures, little or no fines.
coarse
fraction is
LARGER than
the No. 4 GRAVELS GM silty gravels - sand - silt mixtures.
U.S. Sieve WITH FINES
COARSE size) (Appreciable
GRAINED amt. of
SOILS fines) SC Clayey gravels, gravel sand - clay
mixtures.
(More than
50% of
material is
Well graded sands, gravelly sands, little or
LARGER than SW no fines.
No. 200 U.S. CLEAN SANDS
Sieve size) SAlaDS (Little or
(More than no fines)
50% of SP Poorly graded sands or gravelly sands, little
or no fines.
coarse
fraction is
SMALLER than
the No. 4 SANDS SM Silty sands, sand silt mixtures.
U.S. Sieve WITH FINES
size) (Appreciable
amt. of
fines) SC Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures.
Inorganic silts and very fine sands, rock
ML flour, silty or clayey fine sands or clayey
silts with slight plasticity.
SILTS P. ND CLAYS Inorganic clay of low to medihum plasticity,
(Liquid limit CL gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays,
LESS than 50) lean clays.
FINE
GRAINED
SOILS OL Organic silts and oganic silty clays of iow
plasticity.
(More than
50% of
material is
SMALLER than MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous
fine sandy or silty soils, elastic silts.
NO. 200 U.S.
Sieve size)
SILTS AND CLAYS
(Liquid limit CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat
clays.
GREATER than 50)
OH organic clays of medi~ to high plasticity,
organic silts.
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS PT Peat and other highly organic soils.
BOUNDARY CLASSIFICATIONS: Soils possessing characteristics of two groups are
designated by combinations of group symbols.
_ GEE Consultants, Inc.