CF-Cozby Library-AG 910924 AGENDA REQUEST FORM
c~'~^~UNCIL MIi-RTING September Z4, 1991 ITF. M NUMB~R_~f
ITEM CAPTION:
Discussion and apl~val of Library Building
SUBMITTED BY:
EVALUATION OF ITiM:
STAFF REP.: Gary L. Sieb, plonning Direct(a-
OTHER REP.: Dick Wate~, Library Consultant
DATE:
This Builalng Program is the result of the combined efforts of the Library Board, Councilman
Weaver, City staff and interested citiz~n~ Detailed review was undertaken try the Library
Board on a page-by-paEe basis. Additional comments were solicited from the Friends of the
Library, City staff, and others. If approved b~ Council, the program will be fro-warded to our
architectural consultant, F&S Partnership, f~r design and architectur~ co~structima drawings.
Basically this Prol~-dm established a library buiMing "skelet~m' of 28,000 square feet, broken
into 2Z diffei-ent, functional spaces. The~e spaces r~nge from 80 sq, mre feet fer a book return
room, to over ?,000 square feet dedicated to adult services. Lighting, fm-niture, HVAC, wiring
and seating guidelines are aLso indicated in the buildin~ outline. ~he architect will now take
this "skeleton" md add the 'flesh' - i.e., the architectural style, detailed space allocation,
interior specifications, etc. which will result in the overall design of the facility.
BUDGET A~T.
AMT +/- BUDGET
llfr. ES'rI~ATED
FINANCIAL REVIEW BY
LEGAL REVIEW BY:
REVIEWED BY CM: ~~
A BUILDING PROGRAM
FOR THE
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
COPPELL, TEXAS
PREPARED BY:
HBH ASSOCZATES, [NC.
419 SOUTH CARROLL
DENTON, TEXAS. 76201-5928
TELEPHONE: (817)566-0417
FAX (817)566-.0856
RZCHARD L. WATERS
PRINCZPAL CONSULTANT
JULY 1991
HBW
Library Planners & Consultants
419 S. Carroll Blvd.
£ento,, Texas 76281.5928
817-566-8417
£~X 817.566.8856
September 19, 1991
Gary L. Sieb
Director of Planning and Community Services
City of Coppell
P.O.Box 478
Coppell, TX 75019
Dear Gary:
Enclosed please find a camera-ready copy of corrections
made to the Coppell Public Library building program. In the
interest of time, one copy is enclosed so that you can make
copies to insert into the sets of the program already
received.
In order to provide for the requested increased seating
in the Quiet Reading Area and the Children's area, we took
it upon ourselves to downsize the pantry and the multi-
purpose meeting room so that overall building size would not
increase. Changes to space sizing have been reflected in
this copy, including the summary section.
In reference to the comment concerning H.V.A.C., there
are no other areas that should be specified on page IV.12.
We did not add specific reference to "dead" space in the
lobby, because we felt that the description on page IV.1 is
adequate to describe a warm, active area. Fluorescent
lighting potential for noise was pointed out on page IV.16.
All other issues should be addressed in this revised copy.
I look forward to seeing you next week.
For HBW Associates, Inc.
!
Richard L. Waters
Principal Consultant
COPPELL PUBLZC LZBRARY
BUZLDZNG PROGRAM
Table of Contents
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
1.1 - 1.3
LIBRARY HISTORY .......................... 1.1
POPULATION PROJECTIONS ................... 1.1
CURRENT SERVICE .......................... 1.2
ORGANIZATION CHART ....................... 1.3
CONTEMPORARY LIBRA/IY FACILITY
II.1 - II.4
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY: AN EFFECTIVE SERVICE
ORGANIZATION ............................ II.1
AN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SERVING
ALL CITIZENS ............................ II.1
LIBRARIES REQUIRE "SMART" BUILDINGS ..... II.2
TYPICAL SERVICES AND FUNCTIONS .......... II.3
THE BUILDING MUST REFLECT A COMMITMENT TO
PUBLIC SERVICE .......................... II.4
LIBRARY BUILDING PROGRAM:
EXTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
III.1 - III.5
LIBRARY SITE ........................... III.1
SIZE AND GROSS SIZE .................... III.1
BIKE AND CYCLE RACKS ................... III.2
ELECTRICAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SERVICE ............................... III.2
EXTERIOR MAINTENANCE ................. III.2
EXTERIOR MATERIALS ................. III.2
FLAG POLES ......................... III.2
FUTURE EXPANSION ................... III.2
LANDSCAPING ........................ III.3
LIBRARY HOURS OF SERVICE ........... III.3
PARKING .............................. III.3
PUBLIC ENTRANCE ........................ III.3
SECURITY PI2%NNING ...................... III.4
SIGNAGE ................................ III.4
STAFF ENTRANCE ......................... III.4
TRAFFIC PATTERNS ....................... III.5
WATER AND POWER OUTLETS ................ III.5
Page I
LIBRARY BUILDING PROGRAM:
INTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
IV.1 - IV.30
THE COPPELL PUBLIC
LIBRARY SERVES MANY PUBLICS ..
The Short-Term User ........
The Long-Term User .........
The Student User ...........
Group Participants .........
Volunteers and Others ......
......... IV.2
.... IV.2
.... IV.2
.... IV.2
.... IV.2
.... IV.3
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT .................... IV.3
BARRIER-FREE DESIGN ..................... IV.3
BOOK RETURN ............................ IV.4
COMPUTER TERMINALS ..................... IV.5
CONTROL WITH MINIMUM STAFF ............. IV.5
DRINKING FOUNTAINS ..................... IV.5
ELECTRIC CLOCKS ........................ IV.6
ELECTRICAL OUTLETS ..................... IV.6
ENERGY CONSERVATION .................... IV.6
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND AMPERAGE
REQUIREMENTS ........................ IV.6
Floor Ducting ................ IV.7
Flatwire ..................... IV.8
Power Furniture Panels ....... IV.9
Amperage Requirements ....... IV.10
EXPANSION .......................... IV.10
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ................. IV.10
FLOOR COVERING ..................... IV.10
FLOOR LOADING CAPACITY ................. IV.ii
GLASS TREATMENT ........................ IV.ii
HEATING, VENTILATION AND
AIR-CONDITIONING (HVAC) ................ IV.12
LIBRARY MATERIALS SECURITY SYSTEM ...... IV.13
LIGHTING ............................... IV.13
General Considerations .......... IV.13
Types of Artificial Light
Sources For Libraries ........... IV.14
High-Intensity Discharge
(HID) Lighting .................. IV.15
Incandescent Lighting ..........
Flourescent Lighting ...........
Recommended Type of Lighting ...
Illumination Measurements ......
Luminaire or Fixture Selection.
Luminaire Appearance ...........
Lighting Systems -
Direct/Indirect/Task ..........
Direct Lighting ...............
Indirect Lighting .............
Task/Ambient Lighting .........
Natural Light .................
Other Lighting Considerations.
IV.15
IV.16
IV.16
IV.16
IV.17
IV.17
IV.18
IV.18
IV.18
IV.19
IV.20
IV.20
Page
MAINTENANCE PL~NNING ................... IV.21
General Planning Considerations. IV.21
Custodial Facilities ............ IV.21
Openings ........................ IV.22
Walls and Ceilings .............. IV.22
Exterior Maintenance ............ IV.22
Preventive Maintenance - Construction
Documentation ................... IV.22
Finishes for Surfaces and Walls. IV.23
Added or "Attic" Stock .......... IV.23
MERCHANDISING DECOR .................... IV.24
MODULAR, OPEN DESIGN ................... IV.24
OFFICE SYSTEMS FURNITURE
ANE EQUIPMENT .......................... IV.24
PHOTOCOPY/TELEFACSIMILE MACHINES ....... IV.25
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM .......
PUBLIC TELEPHONES ...........
REST ROOMS ..................
Public Rest Rooms .........
Staff Rest Rooms ..........
General Considerations ....
SECURITY SYSTEMS ............
SHELVING ....................
SICK BUILDING .........................
SIGNAGE AND GRAPHICS ..................
STORAGE AREAS .........................
TELEPHONE SYSTEM ......................
TELEVISION ............................
.......... IV.25
......... IV.25
......... IV.25
.... IV.25
.... IV.26
.... IV.26
........ IV.26
........ IV.27
IV.27
IV.29
IV.30
IV.30
IV.30
LIBRARY BUILDING PROGRAM:
DESCRIPTION OF ASSIGNABLE SPACES ............... V.1 -
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
SPACE
1 ENTRANCE/LOBBY ................. V.2
2: MULTI-PURPOSE MEETING ROOM ..... V.4
3: CONFERENCE ROOMS (TWO) ......... V.6
4: PANTRY ......................... V.8
5: STORAGE (For Meeting Rooms) ... V.10
6: CIRCULATION COUNTER ........... V.ll
7: CIRCULATION/TECHNICAL
SERVICES WORKROOM ............. V.15
8: BOOK RETURN ROOM .............. V.18
9: NEW BOOKS DISPLAY ............. V.19
10: CHILDREN'S SERVICES ........... V.20
11: CHILDREN'S PROGRAM ROOM ....... V.24
12: CHILDREN'S SERVICES
WORKROOM ...................... V.26
13: YOUTH SERVICES ................ V.28
14: AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES .......... V.30
15: PUBLIC WORD PROCESSING
STATIONS ...................... V.32
16: ADULT SERVICES ................ V.33
17: QUIET READING AND PERIODICALS . V.37
18: ADULT SERVICES
WORKROOM ...................... V.37
V.47
Page 3
SPACE 19: ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ....... V.39
SPACE 20: STAFF ROOM .................... V.42
SPACE 21: STORAGE ....................... V.44
SPACE 22: LOADING DOCK .................. V.45
NEW BUILDING SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY OF THE ASSIGNABLE SPACES
COST ESTIMATE
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION
COST ESTIMATES ......................... VII.2
List of Tables
Table 1
Comparative Analysis: Present and
Proposed Coppell Public Library .......... 1.2
Table 2
Recommended Added ("Attic") Stock ...... IV.24
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
AMPERAGE REQUIREMENTS
VI.1 - VI.2
VII.1 - VII.3
APPENDIX B
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX C
DAYLIGHTING
APPENDIX D
ILLUMINATION MEASUREMENTS
APPENDIX E
SECURITY
Page 4
THE COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
LIBRARY HISTORY
PAGE 1.1
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
PAGE 1.1
CURRENT SERVICE
PAGE 1.2
THE COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY:
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
This first section of the building program for the new
Coppell Public Library provides a brief history of the
library and the area, as well as recent usage figures and
related information.
LIBRARY HISTORY
The Coppell Public Library will celebrate its 17th year
of operation in 1991. The library was established in 1974
by a group of individuals who would form the nucleus of the
first Friends of the Library organization. The city paid
the rent on the initial facility. In 1978 the city began.
paying a librarian's salary. The library officially became
a part of the city by Ordinance 81-365.
The library was originally housed in a building over
100 years old of less than 1,000 square feet. In 1984, the
city held a bond election for a new library, a fire station,
a police station and a city hall, as well as other items.
The bond election passed.
By 1990, the population of Coppell had increased to
17,000, the book collection had reached 30,000 volumes, and
circulation was up to 11.89 per capita, or 200,000 per year.
The library is guided in policy by a seven-member
Advisory Board appointed by the city council. The Board,
plus city and library staff, have reviewed two drafts of the
program. The final version reflects most of the many
excellent recommended changes proposed by the Board and
staff.
POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Over the last 20 years, the population of Coppell has
increased dramatically. In 1980 the population was 3,700.
It is currently over 17,000, an increase of 335 percent over
the 10 year time period. Over the next 30 years the
population is projected to reach 48,000, an increase of
nearly 200 percent. The population of young families with
children..will account for at least 40 percent of the total
households in Coppell.
The Co~oeL[ Public Library: Background and ltistory
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
CURRENT SERVICE
The Coppell Public Library is now located in a 6,000
square foot facility on the second floor of City Hall.
In 1990 the library had a circulation per capita rate
of 11.89 books, one of the highest in the region. In
addition to traditional book lending services, the library
offers patrons telephone renewals, book reserves, reference
service for adults, teenagers and children. Storyhours for
children are conducted on a regular basis, and interlibrary
loan is available.
The current hours of service total 51 hours per week.
The hours are: Monday and Thursday, 10:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m.;
Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday, 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.;
Saturday 12:00 noon - 5:00 p.m.. The library's current
Organization Chart is on the next page.
There are 13,049 registered patrons.
The new facility will enable the Coppell Public Library
to expand services in every meaningful way, as indicated by
the analysis below.
TABLE
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
PRESENT AND PROPOSED COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
ITEM PRESENT NEW % INCREASE
Square Feet 6,000 27,980 366.3
Collection 30,000 101,450 238.2
Audiovisual items 1,000 5,600 460.0
Periodical 107 155 44.8
subscriptions
User Seating 24 1751 629.2
Note:
1. Does not include seating in stack chairs.
In addition to the greatly expanded service capability
via a larger collection and more seating, there will also be
a multi-purpose meeting room, and a space for children's
programs, plus many computer terminals and CD-ROM stations
for public and staff use.
The Coppel[ PubLic Library: Background and History
-- Buildin9 Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
FUND:
ORGANIZATION CHART
GENERAL DEPARTMENT: LIBRARY FZSCAL YEAR: 1991-9Z
City Manaqer
community Services &
Planninq Director
Library Manager
(1)Judi L. Biqqerstaff(40)*
Secretary
(1) Barbara Jahoda(40)*
Reference
Librarian
(1)Ruth
Bison(40)*
Children's
Librarian
(1)pat
Peters(40)*
circulation
Supervisor
(1)Margaret
Whitehead
(3o)*
Technical
Services
Librarian
(1)Vada
Garner
(40)*
Library
Clerk
(1)Sharon
McClain
(28)*
( ) Authorized Positions
* Hours/week
Library Aide Library Page
(Z)Susan Podlucky(15)* (Z)Marie Weimer(30)*
Jecku Jacob(12)* DeDe Garner(30)*
The Coppetl Public Library: Background and History
A FACILITY FOR THE CONTEHPORARY PUBLIC LIBRARY
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY:
AN EFFECTIVE SERVICE ORGANIZATION
PAGE lI.1
AN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SERVING ALL CITIZENS
PAGE II.1
LIBRARIES REQUIRE "SMART" BUILDINGS
PAGE I1.2
TYPICAL SERVICES AND FUNCTIONS
PAGE II.3
THE BUILDING MUST REFLECT A
COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC SERVICE
PAGE Il.4
A FACILITY FOR THE
CONTEHPORARY PUBLIC LIBRARY
A building in its simplest component is a series
of spaces-some defined by enclosure, some only by
use. The success of the whole is dependent upon a
gathering of these spaces, maintaining their
principles, relationships, and most importantly,
their aesthetic concerns. These are principles
that give "building" individualism and special
meaning.1
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY: AN EFFECTIVE SERVICE ORGANIZATION
The contemporary public library is a diverse and
economically effective service institution. It provides.
persons of all ages and educational levels with access to
knowledge and information. The collections of the public
library document our social and cultural past, promote
technological progress and encourage broad, unstructured
intellectual stimulation.
The public library is a special place. It shares the
aura of a performing arts center, the educational incitement
of an academic setting, the excitement of discovery and the
quiet of a retreat settingJ The facility in which the
library is housed should allow for all of these program and
mission undertakings. Public libraries are places where
people can go to discover ideas, people and themselves.
AN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SERVING ALL CITIZENS
The public library, as represented by its materials,
services and programs, is broad-based. It is the one place
in a community where widely differing points of view are
organized and available to all users. The collections and
services complement all other institutions in the community.
The public library is the only educational resource with the
potential to serve all residents of a given community.
The public library plays a special role in introducing
preschool children to the joys of reading. It can broaden
their intellectual horizons through programming that
includes story hours, puppet shows, educational games and
toys, and electronic media.
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Students of all ages who have their primary information
needs met by their school or institutional libraries depend
on the public library for supplementary materials. The
public library's extended, year-round, schedule of service
hours provides easy, convenient access.
The public library provides support, directly and
through cooperative programs, to other community agencies
for continuing self-education, job preparation and
adaptation to career shifts triggered by changes in the work
place.
In addition to supporting and sustaining formal
education, today's public libraries provide information from
their own resources, external online databases and other
libraries via interlibrary loan in assisting users to meet a
wide range of needs.
LIBRARIES REOUIRE "SMART" BUILDINGS
The public library building of the 1990s and beyond
must accommodate the traditional collections and functions-
long associated with library service while reflecting the
technical flexibility and requirements of "smart" offices
and other buildings. Richard W. Boss, librarian and
information/management consultant, provides excellent
guidelines for library designers. He writes: "Dramatic
changes in information technologies have occurred in the
past two decades, especially in the use of library
automation and digital telefacsimile. A number of other
technologies, among them ~he somewhat more mundane
electromechanical compact storage systems and microform,
have also played a significant role in the planning and
operation of libraries. The optical media-digitally encoded
videodisc, optical digital disk, and CD-ROM are expected to
have a major impact over the next decade."2
The integration of natural and artificial lighting for
the library building is basic and critical to the design of
a functional library. Lighting is one of the most important
and controversial aspect of design. The fourth section of
this program statement outlines lighting guidelines for the
design consultant and engineers.
The many spaces within the facility for the users
should be varied and inviting. The furnishings and
equipment must be arranged so as to balance the user's needs
in relation to the library's operational needs for access
and control.
A Facitity for the Conteml)orary PubLic Library
Buitd[ng Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
TYPICAL SERVICES AND FUNCTIONS
The public library facility must provide a harmonious
balance of public service places and the necessary support
spaces. There must be considerable flexibility within the
design to permit adjustment for new services, furnishings
and equipment. A sampling of typical public library uses
and functions is suggested by the following scenarios:
A business person at a study carrel researching a new
marketing strategy for a new product.
An alcove with children absorbed with their use of
personal computers.
A family returning materials to the circulation counter
and browsing for new materials.
* A current events discussion group in a conference room.
A reader absorbed in a newspaper in the "quiet" reading
room.
A librarian requesting materials via an online,
interlibrary loan database.
A group of preschool children enjoying a puppet show in
the children's arts and programming area.
A cluster of high school students using printed and
database indexes to perform a periodical search.
Technical library staff cataloging and processing new
materials in the workroom.
Library staff and volunteers re-shelving returned
materials.
A group of adults attending a course on investment
planning in the multi-purpose meeting room.
A couple at the reference service counter requesting
materials to help them plan for a vacation abroad.
A user at one of the public word processing stations
working on the text for a new book.
Two senior citizens at a "wired" study carrel using
audiocassettes and printed materials to learn
conversational French.
A group of persons concluding a management course
transmitted to the library via cable.
A Facility for the Contemporary Pubtic Library
-- Buitding Program
C~PCLL PtJBLtC LtBRARY
Prepared byBBw Associates,
The above are common, everyday happenings in many
public libraries throughout the country. They will be as
common in the new Coppell Public Library.
THE BUILDING MUST REFLECT A COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC SERVICE
The building program for the Coppell Public Library
incorporates the successful features and experiences of
numerous other library facilities as they apply to the needs
of Coppell residents. The bibliography in the appendix
provides additional information regarding library space and
facility planning.
The resulting building should reflect a commitment to
public service through the provision of a well-designed
library that does not sacrifice functionality or aesthetics.
It should be cost-effective in terms of operation and
layout. It must be responsive to changing service needs and
designed for possible future expansion.
The Coppell Public Library is an important cultural and
educational institution. Its design should reflect the
dignity associated with these functions.
Refere~lces:
Oringdutph, Robert E. .Thoughts o~ Library gui{dings and Their Parts." Library
Administration & Mana.qement, Spring 1990.
Boss, Richard %4. Information Technologies and Space Ptanning for Libraries and Information
Centers. Boston; G.K. Halt, 198}'.
A Facility for the Conten%~orary PubLic Library
EXTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
LIBRARY SITE
PAGE III.1
SIZE AND GROSS SIZE
PAGE III.1
BIXE AND CYCLE RACKS
PAGE III.2
ELECTRICAL AND TELECI~MMUNICATIONS SERVICE
PAGE III.2
EXTERIOR MAINTENANCE
PAGE III.2
EXTERIOR MATERIALS
PAGE I11.2
FLAG POLES
PAGE III.2
FUTURE EXPANSION
PAGE III.2
LANDSCAPING
PAGE 111.)
LIBRARY HOURS OF SERVICE
PAGE I11.3
PAR~iNG
PAGE III.)
PUBLIC ENTRANCE
PAGE III.)
SECURITY PLANNING
PAGE III.4
SIGNAGE
PAGE III.4
STAFF ENTRANCE
PAGE IlI.~
TRAFFIC PATTERNS
PAGE lII.5
WATER AND pOWER OUTLETS
PAGE III.5
EXTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
This section of the building program describes those
elements of planning and design which are usually associated
with the exterior of a building, or the site for the
building.
LIBRARY SITE
The new Coppell Public Library building will be located
on a 1.877 net acre site in close proximity to the City
Hall, the present location of the library. The site should
allow a building "footprint" of 25,000 - 30,000 square feet.
The new library building must be oriented and planned
to take maximum advantage of the site, the City Hall and its
environment. Users and staff should be afforded vistas
integrating the interior with the setting.
SIZE AND GROSS SIZE
For purposes of general planning, it can be assumed
that 20 percent to 25 percent of a typical library building
will be used for unassignable spaces required for walls,
partitions, stairwells, electrical or mechanical chases,
mechanical rooms, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning
(HVAC), an electrical equipment room(s), public and staff
rest rooms, security monitors, custodian's closets,
maintenance/cleaning closets and similar areas. The balance
of the space, or the usable space, is referred to as the net
assignable space (nasf, e.g. lobby, meeting rooms, reading
and bookstack areas, circulation desk, staff workrooms,
etc.). The combination of both unassignable and assignable
areas equal the building's gross or total size (gsf). The
smaller the percentage of unassignable space in the
building, the more efficiently planned the building.
This building program for the ~ew Coppell Public
Library proposes a 80 percent efficient building. Section V
of this building program statement describes each assignable
space.
-- Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
BIKE AND CYCLE RACKS
Provide low-profile racks for bicycles and mopeds with
provision for securing them with chain locks. Ribbon rack -
type, or similar devices, are preferred.
ELECTRICAL AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE
The principal electrical and telecommunications service
to the building should be underground.
EXTERIOR MAINTENANCE
Provide for the secure storage of lawn mowers and other
equipment needed to maintain the grounds and exterior of the
building. Consider the Loading Dock area as a location for
such storage.
EXTERIOR MATERIALS
The exterior finishes should be of a permanent or
durable finish which will not require frequent painting,.
staining, etc.
FLAG POLES
If flag poles are required for the new library, provide
lighted flagpoles sufficiently large to accommodate the
flags of the United States, Texas and the City of Coppell.
To fly the flags every day and to eliminate staff time
handling the flags, consider special, automatic,
electronically-operated, flag-storing standards. These
special flag pole standards are operated by a photoelectric
cell installed on the standard that raises and lowers the
flag at dawn and dusk. The pole can also be operated
electrically by remote control and can be programmed to fly
the flags at half-mast.
FUTURE EXPANSION
See Expansion, Interior Considerations.
Exterior Considerations
Building Program
Prepare~ by HBW Assocfates, [nc.
LANDSCAPING
Plan the building site (and parking as required) to
take maximum advantage of the site. Enhance the setting
with the use of appropriate materials for walls, walks and
planters. Utilize vandal-proof materials and construction.
Give special attention to drainage planning for the total
site. Include a sprinkler system or the possibility of a
drip irrigation system for planted and natural areas on the
periphery of the building, drives, contiguous areas (and
parking area as required). Use easily maintained, drought-
tolerant, plants, shrubs and ground covers in planted areas.
The landscape plan must minimize the opportunities for
lounging, sleeping, smoking, etc. around the exterior of the
building.
Consideration should also be given to the integration
of works of art in the landscape planning.
LIBRARY HOURS OF SERVICE
The library facility will be open to the public more
hours than most other types of public service buildings.
It will be used and visited by more persons--of all ages--
than will any other public facility in the area.
PARKING
Provide minimum parking based on City of Coppell
Comprehensive Zoning ordinance. Consider parking for the
public equal to one space per every 200 gross square feet of
building. Provide parking for the staff and volunteers
equal to one space per every 1.5 full-time equivalent (FTE).
Allow 350 - 400 square feet per parking space. Handicapped
parking must meet local codes, and is included in the public
parking allocations.
PUBLIC ENTRANCE
Locate the entrance for easy visibility for persons
approaching the building. The plan may include more than
one entrance into a building foyer, b~t there must be only
one public entrance and controlled exit point into the space
where the library collections are housed.
Exterior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUgLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
SECURITY PLANNING
Design the site plan to help insure safety for library
users and staff, and security for the library building and
its extremely valuable collections. The following should be
considerated:
Plan low-profile landscaping for the approaches to
the library entrance (and the parking, as
required).
Avoid landscaping retainer walls and
elements that may block the sight
entrances and windows.
other exterior
of the library
Eliminate the use of rocks in the landscaping as they
present an attractive opportunity for vandals to break
windows and damage the building.
If possible, orient the building to provide staff with
the visual control of approaches to the library.
Provide adequate, vandal-proof lighting (on high
standards with protective covers) for the approaches
to the library (and the parking area). Include an
automatic timer to maintain security "night lighting"
in sensitive areas when the building is closed. Avoid
intrusive lighting for adjacent neighborhoods.
Orient the library entrance and interior areas to
provide a vista into the library when the building is
closed.
SIGNAGE
Provide lighted, vandal-proof signs, visible from all
major approaches, identifying the library. Exterior signs
must be in compliance with the City of Coppell sign
ordinance(s).
STAFF ENTRANCE
Provide a separate staff entrance into the building.
Include an intercom from the staff entrance to the
Circulation/Technical Services Workroom. Provide an
electronic card security system at the staff entrance.
InclUde a security peep-hole in the door. Provide a semi-
enclosed windbreak/overhang for protection during inclement
weather.
111.4
- Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
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TRAFFIC PATTERNS
The placement of the building on the site must be
planned to include vehicular and pedestrian approaches,
entrances and exits, and drop-off parking for automobiles,
buses and cycles. Planning must be in conformity with the
City of Coppell building code to afford safe, well-lighted,
easy access for persons of all ages at any time. Provide
angled rather than straight-in parking. Provide sidewalks
from all points to the front entrance of the facility.
WATER AND POWER OUTLETS
Provide sufficient water and power outlets of a tamper-
proof design. Provide recessed, locking hose bibbs with
built-in drain and vacuum breaker.
INTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
THE COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVES MANY PUBLICS
PAGE IV.2
ACOUSITICAL TREATMENT
PAGE IV.3
BARRIER'FREE DESIGN
PAGE IV.3
BOOK RETURN
PAGE IV.4
COMPUTER TERMINALS
PAGE IV.5
CONTROL ~ITN MINUMUM STAFF
PAGE IV.5
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
PAGE IV.5
ELECTRIC CLOCKS
PAGE IV.6
ELECTRICAL CXJTLETS
PAGE IV.6
ENERGY CONSERVATION
PAGE IV.6
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND AMPERAGE REQUIREMENTS
PAGE IV.6
EXPANSION
PAGE IV. lO
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
PAGE IV.lO
FLOUR COVERING
PAGE IV.lO
FLOOR LOADING CAPACITY
PAGE IV.11
GLASB TREATMENT
PAGE IV.ll
HEATING~ VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING {HVAC)
PAGE 12
INTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
CONTINUED
LIBRARY MATERIALS SECURITY SYSTEM
PAGE IV.13
LIGHTING
PAGE IV.13
MAINTENANCE PLANNING
PAGE IV.21
MERCHANDISING DECOR
PAGE IV.24
MODULAR, OPEN DESIGN
PAGE IV.24
OFFICE SYSTEMS FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT
PAGE IV.24
PHOTOCOPY/TELEFFACSIMILE MACHINES
PAGE IV.25
PUBLIC ADDRESSS SYSTEMS
PAGE IV.25
PUBLIC TELEPHONES
PAGE IV.25
REST ROOHS
PAGE IV.25
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
PAGE IV.26
SECURITY SYSTEMS
PAGE IV.26
SHELVING
PAGE IV.27
SICK BUILDING
PAGE IV.27
SIGNAGE AND GRAPNICS
PAGE IV.29
STORAGE AREAS
PAGE IV.30
TELEPHONE SYSTEM
PAGE IV.30
TELEVISION
PAGE IV.30
INTERIOR CONSIDERATIONS
This section of the building program for the new
Coppell Public Library is intended to provide the design
consultant with several general interior considerations that
the programming consultant (HBW Associates, Inc.) believes
are important for a library facility that strives to be
functional and cost efficient to operate. The design
consultant will, of course, be able to adapt as appropriate
in order to achieve a building scheme that is responsive to
the total needs of the Coppell Public Library.
Upon entering the lobby or foyer, users and visitors
should be able to easily discern the major areas of the
library they are seeking such as the Circulation Counter,
online access public access catalogs (OPACs, to be a future
service), a new books area, the Multi-Purpose meeting room,
Children's Services, etc. with a minimum of time and staff
assistance. This can be accomplished through a combination
of lighting, traffic patterns, furnishings layout, and
effective signage and graphics. The signage and graphics
should guide persons to the major areas of the building and
provide detailed information about the respective areas when
they are reached (see Signage and Graphics).
The building will be an active space with more noise
than generally presumed for the high traffic areas that will
be alive with the movement and activity of users and staff.
It is important that first time users and infrequent users
not be overwhelmed upon entering the building. Rather, the
library's environment and ambience--especially the foyer and
interior entrance to the building--should be d~signed to
convey an inviting sense of warmth and organization. Users
and visitors should feel welcomed upon entering. They
should be able to become acquainted with the building's
interior at their own pace. Some users may choose to
utilize the signage and to make their own way to the area of
their choice without assistance; others may seek staff help
immediately. Children and student users should also be able
to recognize their areas of the library by the furnishings
and the use of colors, light and graphics.
Interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Special attention should be given to eliminating and/or
minimizing real and psychological barriers to service such
as desks, counters, electronic security systems, rails and
other physical masses. While desks, counters, screens,
partitions, etc. are necessary, give consideration to the
design, configuration, color, texture and use of light that
relates these to "human scale" and the provision of service.
The office area of the building should receive the same
attention, bearing in mind that the staff who work here will
typically spend 40 hours per week in the building on a
Monday - Friday (or Saturday), 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
schedule.
THE COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVES MANY PUBLICS
The Coppell Public Library serves many publics of all
ages and interests. These include:
THE SHORT-TERM USER
This group comprises a large portion of the library's
daily patronage. They are users who enter the library for a
brief period of time to return materials, pick-up reserve
books, or to obtain quick information or reference data.
Typically, these users stay in the library about 15 to 30
minutes.
THE LONG-TERM USER
This group of users come to the library for extended
periods of time to browse the collections, read, use other
materials in the library, or do extended information or
reference searching. The new, larger library facility will
attract an increased number of users in this category.
THE STUDENT USER
During the school year these users tend to come to the
library in the afternoons and often in even greater numbers
during the evening hours and on weekends. They do extended
information or reference searching and some browsing. There
is also a degree of "socializing" in the building related to
this user group.
GROUP PARTZCZPANTS
These users come to the library as part of a formal or
informal group to participate in a particular activity or
program. The activities and meetings are aimed (most often)
Interior Cons Jderat ions
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
at specific age groups ranging from young children and young
people to adults, including senior citizens. Some programs
may be for a business, professional or civic club, an
organization, or a county or city office. The group
participant user will increase dramatically following the
opening of the new Coppell Public Library given the added
meeting and conference room spaces.
VOLUNTEERS AND OTHERS
This group, volunteers and others, may use either the
main entrance or the staff entrance, whichever is more
convenient (and depending upon library policy). Included in
this group are persons coming to the library on business
such as sales representatives, service vendors and truck
drivers making deliveries.
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT
Noise and noise factors are of special concern in the
public library. The new library will be used daily by
hundreds of persons who will be studying, attending
programs, viewing exhibits, picking up materials, as well as
many who will be using the library for long periods of time.
Section V of this program describes the individual
Assignable Spaces in the building and calls out the special
environmental considerations, including acoustical
considerations. By locating some spaces with activities
requiring special concentration out of the high traffic or
noisy areas, the overall noise level of the building will be
improved.
BARRIER-FREE DESIGN
Public libraries serve a broad spectrum of the
community, including persons with permanent and temporary
handicaps (it has been estimated that 25 percent of the
total population is handicapped), persons young and old
without the strength to open doors, persons without eyesight
or with limited eyesight who depend on special braille
instructions and audible signals for elevators, hearing-
impaired people who depend on visual signals, etc. Design
consultants (and interior design consultants) have, for
years, sought to design buildings, especially public service
buildings, to be barrier-free, to provide the same
opportunities for access and use for handicapped persons--
users and staff--as are available for every able-bodied
resident. Many levels of government--federal, state and
local--now provide standards and building codes to help
remove these barriers. The library and other buildings and
furnishings industry have moved to provide new technology,
Interior Considerations
IV.)
Bu(tding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Assoc)ates, Inc.
equipment and design features to meet these standards and
codes. Barrier-free design directly benefits all users,
including the handicapped, by improving the general
usability and safety of the building: doors are easier to
open, and there are fewer tripping and falling hazards.
This type of planning is especially important for the future
inasmuch as an estimated 25 percent of the national
population will be 80 and over by the year 2000.1 The
population of Coppell does not fit this trend at the
present. However, the use of barrier-free design will help
make the library more accessible to all residents, including
those older citizens with limited body strength. It will
assist those people who are very young, those carrying
infants, pushing strollers, etc. The design and the
interior design consultants are referred to three
publications:
1. ANSI, Specifications for Making Buildings and
Facilities Accessible to and Usable by Physically
Handicapped People; American National Standards
Institute 1980.
2. Servinq Physically Disabled PeoDle; An Information
Handbook For All Libraries, Bowker, 1979, by Ruth
Velleman.
3. The Guide: Makinq Accessibility Affordable, Facilities
Evaluation & Modification Guide, Compliance
Service, 1985.
Assistance
BOOK RETURN
Provide a return drop for 24-hour return of books. If
possible, design the Book Return so that it can be accessed
by a person in an automobile. Use Mosler depository model
ll2SD or equal book drop. The book drop should be about
three feet above ground level on the exterior to facilitate
the return of books. The door will open into the book drop
room approximately 15 inches above a "chute"that will allow
the books to fall gently to a book bin below(see Space 8 in
the Assignable Spaces section of this program). Provide for
a separate slot for the return of videocassettes, into a
separate bin.
The book return should be properly identified by
signage. It should admit returned materials via a built-in
unit with a drop vent to prevent liquids or inflammable
materials from dropping off the end of the return chute.
The returned books must be housed in a two-hour fire-rated,
enclosed room. Install a smoke/heat alarm system and an
Interior Considerations
_ Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
automatic fire extinguishing system.
in the book drop room.
Provide a floor drain
An exact drawing of the interior and exterior placement
of the book return depository is to be submitted for
approval.
COMPUTER TERMINALS
The library building must be planned for extensive (in
the future) use of personal computers, including an online
bibliographic and inventory control system. Computer
terminals and printers will be used extensively by the
general public and the staff throughout the building.
Within the past year or two concern has arisen with
regard to the potential health hazard of electromagnetic
emissions from display monitors.2 The controversy
surrounding low-frequency electromagnetic emissions is
likely to continue pending further research. In the
meantime, plan the computer stations for the future public
and staff in such a manner to allow a user to sit at arm's
length from the front and three to four feet from the sides
and back of the monitor.3
CONTROL WITH MINIMUM STAFF
The library and furnishings layout must be planned to
provide considerable visual control of the several building
spaces and areas with minimal staff. Give special attention
to the visual control of entrances, exits, public rest
rooms, meeting rooms, the spaces for children and the small
study and meeting rooms.
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
Provide drinking fountains designed for adults,
children and the physically handicapped. Locate the
drinking fountains adjacent to the public and staff rest
rooms. Push-plate operation, preferably hand-operated, is
suggested. Consider a unit that directs water back into the
fountain housing mounted on the wall to prevent overspill.
Provide a water fountain in the staff workroom. Do not
provide floor-mounted units.
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
ELECTRIC CLOCKS
Provide electric clocks at strategic locations in the
lobby, public service areas, meeting rooms, workrooms and
offices. Consider a facing with date/day-of-week, plus time
of day. Consider conventional or "number face" rather than
digital clocks. Clock face should be large, easy to read.
Consult staff regarding the final placement of all clocks.
The clocks should be connected to the uninterrupted
power source. Consider a display of clocks that would give
the time in different Pacific Rim and/or worldwide cities
(if the budget allows).
ELECTRICAL OUTLETS
A minimum of one outlet is recommended for every 30 to
50 square feet of floor space. The outlets must be tamper-
proof with regard to children. See the individual assignable
areas for other special requirements.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
The new coppell Public Library facility will probably
be standing 50 years from now, in the year 2041. It is
imperative that the building be planned and designed for
energy conservation. This calls for careful consideration
of both passive and active energy conservation. The initial
cost of these conservation features may increase the
building cost, but the actual "life-cycle" costs over
the usable life span of the building may outweigh these
initial costs and result in long-term savings. Discussions
should be held with local energy company(ies) to make sure
that all possibilities are considered. A "life-cycle"
report should be prepared by the design consultant for
review by the Owner prior to the completion of the developed
design.
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND AMPERAGE REQUIREMENTS
Modern public library service and work equipment
requires a plethora of communication and power support
receptacles. Word processing systems, electronic mail, CRTs
for online circulation and cataloging systems (OPACs),
commercial database(s) accessing, CD-ROM terminals, task
lighting, photocopying machines and other devices that have
to be plugged into something to make them work--all have
energy requirements.
interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
In addition to electric power, the use of automated
systems necessitates use of extensive cable links between
the many CRTs, the mainframe of the CPU, OCRs, printers and
other terminals located hundreds of feet or miles away. The
objective of power and communication circuitry design is to
deliver outlets and receptacles precisely to the actual
point of need. Location of work areas can be compromised by
limited availability of connections for energy and telephone
circuits. The distribution system(s) should provide as much
circuitry as needed, where it is needed. Capacity for
growth must also be available.
A useful rule of thumb for calculating branch circuit
requirements for convenience electrical receptacles is an
average amperage load of three amps per work station and a
maximum work station density of 90 to 100 square feet per
station. One amp per 25-30 square feet of space will
accommodate the convenience outlet service needed for a high
density work station planned with typical office equipment.
Amperage requirements will be higher if extensive high
technology equipment is to be used and if ambient-task
lighting is to be employed.
There are six methods commonly used for power and
communication distribution in library buildings:
1. Power Poles.
2. Poke Through Floors.
3. Floor and Wall Ducting.
4. Raised Floor Systems.
5. Flatwire.
6. Power Furniture Panels.
Not all of these have applicability for every library
building. For the new Coppell Public Library building
consider only Floor Ducting, Flatwire and Power Furniture
Panels. The design architect and interior design consultant
should study the advantages and disadvantages of each method
early in the planning process and review and evaluate these
three systems with the Owner and the program consultant.
FLOOR DUCTING
Floor ducting carries cable through a structural
gridwork of raceway in the floor. Wires can be accessed
Interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
through the concrete floor at either a fixed or infinite
number of points along the raceway. Two designs are
common:
1. Underfloor ducts.
2. Cellular ducts.
Underfloor ducts utilize steel tubes or ducts that act
as raceways and are laid grid fashion on a concrete slab.
Access holes are spaced at regular intervals along the ducts
and at key intersections. The entire grid is then covered
with another layer of concrete. Access holes are reached
by drilling through the top layer of concrete.
These units may or may not be pre-wired before
building occupancy. If pre-wired, easy access can be
achieved through the use of plastic doors and receptacles
either above or below floor level. Use of carpet tiles
allows easy access and facilitates the rearrangement of
work stations. If the units are not pre-wired, holes must
be drilled to access the ducting as needed.
Cellular ducts use a pre-formed steel deck which
intersects raceways and forms the basic structural
component of the floor. Pre-set access holes are covered
with steel caps. The entire deck is then covered with
concrete and wired to suit layout requirements. To
locate an access hole, one need only remove a thin layer
of concrete with a hammer and remove the steel caps.
With either design three types of outlets are commonly
used, depending upon local electric codes. They are:
1. Monuments.
2. Flush-with-the-floor.
3. In-floor tapmates.
FLATWZRE
Newest on the scene are flat power and
telecommunications conductor cables, better known as
flatwire, which route wiring between the carpet and the
floor. Flat power cable was created by NASA in the 1970's;
flat telephone cable was developed privately. In 1980, both
were approved by Underwriters Laboratory and the National
Electrical Code for general construction use.
-- Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Flatwire provides normal branch circuit wiring in a
flat, flexible conductor cable. It comes rolled, like tape,
and is applied to any hard, dry surface. It is laid down on
a protective insulating tape directly on the concrete floor.
The wire is connected to a central power source and covered
with a protective grounding metal shield. Power flatwire is
available for up to 30 amp single and multiphase circuits.
Telephone flatwire requires neither protective bottom
nor top shield. It may be laid next to or across power
flatwire. Telecommunications flatwire comes in a 25-pair
configuration. A four-pair configuration is also available
for electronic or digital telephone and CRT installations
with modems. Because flatwire is removable, it can be
depreciated like furniture. As with raised floor systems,
carpet tile is required for flatwire installations.
Modular wiring systems such as flatwire and the metal
clad, plug-together cable used in raised floor systems may
cost five to 15 percent more initially, but they provide a
minimum cost advantage of 30 percent on branch circuit
relocation.
If flatwire is used, the design consultant must be
alert to those areas of the building which will have
considerable loaded book truck traffic, traffic that could
result in audible "bumps."
POWER FURNITURE PANELS
Many library and office systems now offer panels that
have specially constructed raceways through which power and
communication cables can be run. Panels of this type are
called power panels. In this way power and communication
cables can be attached to a central source in the wall or
floor and then run through the furniture system to
individual work stations. Outlets (or receptacles) are
located within the panel for maximum flexibility and
convenience. In a new facility this is a cost effective
method of energy distribution. In older buildings with
limited receptacles and traditional, inconvenient
distribution systems, powered furniture panels can also be a
worthwhile investment.
Like other modular systems, there is a savings when
work stations are relocated. The system will provide
maximum flexibility at an affordable price. Powered panels
for office systems initially cost 30-50 percent more than
non-powered panels.
Interior Considerations
IV.9
Buikding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
AHPERAGE REQUZREMENTS
The library's electrical system must be designed in
conjunction with the furniture, fixtures and equipment plan
to insure the proper placement of all outlets in
relationship to desks, work stations and service functions.
Exact amperage is difficult to specify as each type and
model of equipment differs. The new models of equipment
often have lower requirements because of solid state
technology. To provide a margin of safety, it is generally
recommended that no more than 80 percent of the 20 amp
capacity be planned for use for each duplex plug. The
figures in the appendix provide sample amperage requirements
for selected equipment normally found within a public
library environment.
Some pieces of equipment require dedicated circuits--
photocopy equipment is an example. Word processors and
microcomputers should also be on independent circuits due to
the large amp load required when the equipment is first
activated. See the appendix for a listing of amperage
requirements by piece of equipment. In a shared logic
system with one CPU serving multiple terminals, up to five
terminals plus a printer can be put on one circuit. The
CPU, however, requires an independent circuit. There
should be UPS power, with a two- minute timeframe, to
protect the library's CPU.
Consideration should also be given to placing an
emergency power generator for overall backup. Provide
direct linkage to Police and Fire so each will be
immediately aware of power outage.
EXPANSION
The full 27,980 gross square feet (gsf) will be
constructed to library space building standards~ However,
for the initial five to seven/eight years it is anticipated
that one or more segments of the building will be used for
city of Coppell services other than the library. Those
spaces that will not initially be used for library service
are identified in the "Other Comments" section of Chapter V.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Provide as required by local building code.
interior Considerations
guitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HgW Associates, inc.
FLOOR COVERING
Consider carpet (preferably 18" x 18" carpet tile) in
most public and staff areas except rest rooms, lobbies and
where inorganic flooring or vinyl tile should be utilized.
Consider the carpet's acoustical performance, wearing
performance, color fastness, texture, fire resistance,
nonallergenic qualities and anti-static qualities. Consider
a woven-loop pile with 3 or 4 yarn ply and at least 72 tufts
per square inch. The carpet should have a life expectancy
of seven to 10 years. The carpet should be durable and in
soil hiding colors.
Provide nonslip surfaces for all non-carpeted areas.
Carpeted areas require less time for cleaning/maintenance
than hard-surface or vinyl type flooring (e.g., waxing,
stripping, buffing). The extensive carpeted areas will
require the purchase of commercial-grade carpet cleaning
equipment for proper cleaning and maintenance.
Consider heavy-duty tile such as "El-Do" tile for the
Entrance/Lobby.
FLOOR LOADING CAPACITY
Provide a minimum building structural system with a
floor capacity (live load) of 150 pounds psf throughout the
building to accommodate standard library shelving floor
loading. Areas that may be designated for compact storage
shelving will require a floor loading capacity (live
load) of 225 to 300 pounds psf. For compact shelving, a
structural engineer should perform an analysis to determine
the exact floor loading requirements. See the Assignable
Spaces section of the program for the location of the one
compact shelving space.
GLASS TREATMENT
If possible, orient the new building so that the major
facades face north-south rather than east-west for energy
savings on glass exposures. Consider reducing the solar
heat gains by shading the glass exposures with canopies,
louvres, solar glass screens, air, etc.
Shaded glass admits only one-quarter of the radiant
heat admitted by unshaded glass exposed to sunlight; double-
glazing glass prevents winter heat loss as well as summer
heat gain; double-glazed, shaded, heat-absorbing glass may
reduce heat gain by about 85 percent; reflective glass
reduces heat gain by about one-third. The use of tinted
Interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by XBW Associates, Inc.
glass in windows to filter out ultraviolet rays may
eliminate the need for blinds or shades. A cost benefit
analysis of various glass treatments should be developed and
discussed with the Owner and program consultant.
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING (HVAC)
Follow standards in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
for Comfort HVAC data. The ASHRAE new Comfort Zone is
recommended for libraries. Consistency is important. Strive
for constant 72 degree temperature. Design a system that
will maintain the temperature with a variance of no more
than five degrees. Plan to maintain relative humidity of 50
percent in those areas of the building that house closed
stacks. The balance of the building should strive to
achieve 30 percent humidity with a plus or minus (+ or -)
range of eight percent. There are some special areas (e.g.,
computer equipment area, special book collections, etc.)
which require separately controlled equipment. At this time
these type of spaces are not included in the building
program.
Consider the following in designing HVAC:
A system with low "life-cycle costs" in terms of
operation and maintenance.
2. Automated "economy cycles."
Provide humidistats in areas with little air movement
to warn of humidity buildups. Consider separate control
zones for meeting and conference rooms. There should be n_9o
individual room controls.
Means should be provided so that a breakdown of one
compressor will not impair continuous air flow to the staff
and the public. In case of air conditioning failure, design
the system for outside ventilation using air handling units.
Operable windows should also be considered. All filters
should be located so that they are easily accessible for
cleaning and replacement. Particular care should be taken
that sufficient air conditioning controls (thermostats) are
provided and secure against tampering. Interior
thermostats should not be located where wall shelving is to
be installed. Locked covers for thermostats should be
provided. Ceiling fans in the offices, Workrooms, Staff
Room, at the Circulation Counter and in Meeting/Conference
Rooms should also be considered.
lnterior Considerations
IV.12
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by RBW Associates, Inc.
Peak demand reducers that turn off major pieces of
electrical equipment at regular peak electrical demand and
time clocks for thermostatic control should be considered.
As indicated above in the section on Energy Conservation,
every reasonable means should be considered in order to
keep the annual operating costs of the new library
facility as low as possible.
Low sound level equipment is important, particularly in
the various meeting rooms. Provide an UPS (Uninterruptable
Power Source) to protect the computer system. Ground level
systems should have adequate lockable screening to prevent
vandalism.
LIBRARY MATERIALS SECURITY SYSTEM
A library materials security system will be acquired.
The specifics of the system have not been determined at this
time. Library staff and the program consultant will meet
with the design and interior design consultant to discuss
and choose a system.
Make sure that the (future) CRTs at the Circulation
Counter are not interfered with by the system. Adequate
detection sensitivity can be achieved if the appropriate
CRTs4 are six to eight feet from the detection post or
lattice.5
LIGHTING
GENERAL CONSZDERAT/ONS
Architecture is concerned with the enclosure of space
including the elements of structure, form, color,
brightness, contrasts, focal areas, spacial relationships,
etc.--all of which require light. Lighting is a basic
inseparable factor in the architectural analysis and over-
all design of a library building. Light has always been a
universal sign of benefit and renewal. Light directly
impacts on human expectations and relations with others.
Through the use of natural and artificial light, the
architect, interior designer and engineers create visual
moods, affect behavior, modify forms, provide orientation
within a library building and dramatize particular building
features and the spacial needs of individual areas.
Interior Considerations
guitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by H8~ Associates, Inc.
Until recent years, library (and other types of)
lighting was planned by electrical engineers and designers
who generally used a "quantitative" approach. Major
emphasis was given to the use of large or "general" area
quantities of illumination with far too little consideration
given to user's comfort, color rendition of the source,
aesthetics or energy conservation of the system. Typical
layouts consisted of flourescent luminaires equally spaced
across the ceiling providing equal illumination for the
majority of task positions. Lighting for the library should
place an emphasis on the "qualitative" approach in order to
emphasize the quality of light being provided, provide a
pleasing visual atmosphere and result in a system designed
to operate with energy efficiency.
Recent research has increased our awareness of the
importance of light and lighting. For instance, when lights
are low, people tend to speak softly to each other.
Researchers have found that conversations in dimly lit rooms
average nine decibels lower than average talk. In dim
light, interactions can be more intimate, and conversations
are quieter and more deliberate. There is evidence that
bright overhead lights may precipitate boredom, headaches
and eye fatigue.
Glare is a problem that can have a negative impact on
productivity. To remedy this problem, lights should be
dimmed slightly, changing the work surface to a less
reflective material and varying the angle at which light
hits the work area. Avoid the reliance on window coverings
to control glare and ultra violet degradation--handle this
problem (if it arises) architecturally. Avoid skylight
glare.
TYPES OF ARTZFIC/AL LIGHT SOURCES FOR LIBRARIES
Basically, three types of artificial interior lighting
sources are used in libraries:
1. Incandescent.
2. Flourescent.
3. High-intensity discharge (HID).
Inter{or Cons{deratJons
gui[ding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Each type has qualities to match the requirements for a
particular area or situation, and no single type of system
can be recommended exclusively. The primary consideration
in selecting a particular lighting system is to provide
light for the library user to complete a particular visual
task(s) without distraction (e.g., minimize glare and
brightness of lighting fixtures).
In addition, the lighting system should complement the
architectural and interior design of the library. The three
types of lighting sources vary in terms of
maintenance/replacement (types of lamps and ballasts
required, rated life of various bulbs), heat and glare
factors, color of the light produced and how it affects the
eyes, warm-up time required for some lamps, etc. The major
features, advantages and disadvantages of the three types of
lighting are outlined below.
H~GH-INTENS~TY DZSCHARGE (HID) L~GHT~NG
Advantages - The HID lamps have low wattage requirements and
are more energy efficient than either flourescent or
incandescent. Most types of HID have long life spans. HID
lighting is particularly suggested for use in high ceilings
to provide both direct and indirect lighting; they should
not be used in a library as indirect source of light, as
they provide light from only one point rather than diffusing
the light as do flourescents.
Disadvantaqes - HIDs can be dimmed by controls, but the
controls require sophisticated, custom-designed systems
(compared to ready-manufactured systems available for
incandescent and flourescent lighting.) Color continues to
be a problem with some HIDs for interior use. The color can
vary from a bright yellow in the sodium-vapor HIDs to a
blue-violet in some mercury-vapor HIDs, although some
manufacturers are now producing effective color-corrected
bulbs that can satisfy public library needs. HtDs require
warm-up time before reaching full output; once turned off or
knocked off by a power variation, some HIDs require time to
cool down before lighting up again, and this could pose a
safety problem in some instances if no other lighting system
is available. The HIDs also produce a considerable amount
of heat.
interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBN Associates, Inc.
INCANDESCENT LZGHTZNG
Advantaqes - The incandescent lamps are inexpensive to buy
and easy to install (do not require ballasts). They are
relatively easy to control through the use of ready-
manufactured dimmer systems. A wide variety of
incandescent lighting fixtures and bulb types are available
for special uses; the incandescent lighting is particularly
effective for selected areas requiring special effects such
as displays, accent lighting and for exhibiting art; the
lighting is extensively used in corridors, closets and store
rooms.
Disadvantaqes - Incandescent lights, like HIDs, have a
filament, or one point from which the light is produced, as
opposed to the diffused light of flourescent bulbs which is
easier on the eyes. The lighting is relatively inefficient
and expensive to operate given its short life. The rated
life of most incandescent lamps is less than 1,000 hours.
Incandescent lamps also produce considerable heat buildup
which can adversely affect air conditioning systems.
FLOURESCENT LZGHTZNG
Advantages - The most commonly used lights in public
libraries, flourescent lamps produce about three times the
light per watt and last about twenty times longer than
incandescent. In contrast to the "point of source" bulbs,
the flourescent emanates light along the entire length of
its tube or bulb and diffuses light more effectively. Like
incandescents, flourescent lighting can be put on ready-
manufactured dimmer systems. The development of silver
reflectors used with standard flourescent light fixtures has
the potential for dollar savings in lighting requirements.
Fewer lamps may be required if the silver reflectors are
used.
Disadvantaqes - Fluorescent lights require special ballasts
as do HIDs; they also produce annoying flickering as they
burn out. They can also produce a humming sound/pitch.
RECOMMENDED TYPE OF LZGHT/NG
Given its energy efficiency, long life and the variety
of luminaries or fixture designs providing many forms of
diffused light ranging from direct to indirect as needed,
the fluorescent lighting system is recommended as the best
general lighting system. Sodium-vapor (HID) lamps should
also be considered, for high ceiling general lighting areas
(not for individual rooms, due to several technical
Interior Considerations
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepaped by HBW Associates,
limitations such as they required warm-up time). The
sodium-vapor lighting is very energy efficient, and the
color qualities produced have been improved, making it
suitable for interior use. Incandescent lighting should be
used in the limited areas described above.
~LLUMZNATZON MEASUREMENTS
Footcandle (i.e. unit of illumination on a surface in
an area on which there is a uniform distributed flux of one
lumen) are the most commonly referenced measure of
illumination levels. However, footcandles measure only the
ambient or all-side lighting levels on a surface and do not
take into consideration factors such as glare, shadowing,
contrasts or other illumination factors that affect the
ability to see or task visibility.
In designing the lighting for the new library,
calculate the quantity of illumination for each particular
space and for varying functions. Visibility, for example,
is the ease of performing a visual task and it is dependent
upon contrast and background luminance. The Illuminating
Engineering Society primarily uses the Equivalent Sphere of
Illumination (ESI) measure, a more sophisticated measure for
evaluating visibility and effectiveness of a lighting system
in controlling veiling reflections, etc. The ESI takes into
consideration all the factors in the immediate lighting
environment such as glare, reflection, absorptions,
shadowing, contrasts, etc. that affect the ability to see or
task visibility ESI evaluates the quality as well as the
quantity of illumination. The overall ESI rated lighting
for a public library ranges between 30 and 70, the lower
levels are preferred for energy conservation.
LUMZNAZRE OR FIXTURE SELECTION
Most luminaires can be categorized into two basic
photometric distribution classifications depending upon the
mounting of the luminaire. These are:
1. Direct.
a. Recessed.
b. Surface mounted.
3. Pendant mounted.
~nterior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, inc.
2. Indirect.
a. Pendant.
b. Furniture integrated.
c. Freestanding.
LUMZNAZRE APPEARANCE
The size, shape and finish should be coordinated with
other members of the design team (owner and consultant)
early in the design process since the lighting ~ystem will
affect visual impact of the space as well as have
implications for acoustical control and furniture layout.
Photometric characteristics of luminaires are
determined by laboratory testing done by the manufacturer.
Testing results give information on candlepower
distribution, number of lumens produced for each zone,
luminaire efficiency, footcandle brightness in each zone and
space to mounting ratios. If the fixture is combined with
an air-handling data unit for heat extraction, air supply
and air return are also available. This combination of
information should allow the design consultant to select the
correct luminaire for a particular application. Never
assume that because two fixtures appear to be of the same
design that they will perform equally--compare the test
data.
LIGHTING SYSTEMS - DIRECT/INDIRECT/TASK
Once the levels of illumination are determined, the
design consultant must decide on the type of lighting system
that is appropriate to the space. The options, as far as
fixtures are concerned, include direct, indirect and
task/ambient.
DIRECT LIGHTING
In direct and semi-direct lighting 60-100 percent of
the light is directed in a downward pattern from the
fixture. The system provides an equal level of illumination
across a large space and as such has been one to the most
widely used methods in offices and public buildings. A
recent application of direct lighting is the task-oriented
approach (described below) which places fixtures only over
work areas to obtain the proper illumination level for that
task. Other areas are then illuminated at a lower level.
Interior Considerations
IV.18
Bu[tding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
This is a direct response to the demand for energy
conservation.
Direct lighting offers the option of using an
integrated ceiling package, which consists of modules with
luminaire in the center and provisions for sprinklers, sound
masking, and air distribution. Such modules are designed
for use with a variety of luminaires in both flat and
vaulted ceiling configurations. An additional advantage to
the ceiling package is the ability to coordinate the
installation of ceiling components and make them the
responsibility of one contractor.
~NDZR!CT LZGHTZNG
With indirect or semi-direct lighting, 60-90 percent of
the light is directed in an upward pattern from the fixture
and is reflected from a secondary source, such as the
ceiling or walls or a combination of the two. Use of
totally indirect lighting provides a near shadow-free
environment similar to those experienced with an overcast
sky. The ESI, or visual clarity, aspects are generally
enhanced by the use of indirect lighting, but objects such
as partitions and desks may tend to lose definition due to a
lack of contrast. Care should also be taken to avoid an
atmosphere of gloom (like on a rainy day).
One of the most important and least understood
components of any indirect lighting system is the ceiling
surface off which the light is to be reflected.
Unfortunately, acoustical needs which necessitate high
absorbancy characteristics are in direct conflict with the
specular reflectiveness requirement for indirect lighting.
Since the physical properties of light and sound are
primarily the same, this can present a real challenge to the
designer. In general, heavily textured and low-reflectance
surfaces should be avoided in order to maintain necessary
light levels. It should also be noted that the extremely
high contrast ratios created by some indirect systems may
lead to visual discomfort over an extended period.
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
TASK/AHBZENT L*rGHT/NG
A relative newcomer to the lighting design world is the
task/ambient method of lighting, which is a direct outgrowth
of the move towards the open-office furniture systems. In
this system the objective is to provide sufficient levels of
illumination on primary task surfaces through the use of
task lights and generally lower levels of illumination. Low
level illumination is required to achieve the correct
contrast ratios necessary between the task and the
environment.
In these systems, furniture integrated or free-standing
indirect luminaire fixtures provide the low level ambient
light. Flexible luminaires, such as swing arm lamps, can be
adjusted to an individual user's requirements by the user.
The user is allowed to control the veiling reflections on
the task by adjustment of the fixture. Fixed luminaires for
task lighting are generally surface mounted fluorescent
lamps either attached to, or directly incorporated into, the
furniture system. These fixtures do tend to create veiling
reflections on the task, but this can be minimized by
refractors or lenses which direct light into the more
desirable "batwing" configuration seen in the parabolic
luminaire.
Some areas do not lend themselves to task lighting.
Examples include secretarial and reception stations,
circulation and reference information desks, conference
rooms and seminar areas, and general user reading areas. If
no task lighting is used, and proper illumination on the
task surface is to be maintained, the ceiling brightness
must be two to three times the brightness of the ceiling
area over task lighted work areas. This can be accomplished
by increasing the number of freestanding indirect luminaires
in this area. The use of direct sources for lighting these
areas should be discouraged since it limits the spatial
flexibility as ceiling-mounted luminaires mus% be moved
whenever work station relocation takes place.
One disadvantage of task/ambient lighting is that since
all sources are located within a space, heat extraction,
which is available with ceiling-mounted luminaires, cannot
be accomplished and thus cooling costs may be increased.
Interior Considerations
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by BBW Associates, Inc.
NATURAL L'rGHT
Natural light, sometimes referred to as "Daylighting,"
certainly has a place in the building. However, care must
be taken to avoid the following:
1. Sunlight glare on CRTs, microform readers and VCR
screens.
2. Direct sunlight on the books for more than 30 minutes.
3. No western sunlight into the building (if possible).
The appendix includes additional information regarding
"daylighting."
OTHER LZGHTZNG CONSZDERATIONS
Provide emergency (constant-charge, battery
lighting throughout the building to safely guide
staff to exits during power failures.
operated)
users and
Provide for selected interior lights to flash "on" and
"off" as a means of alerting the hearing-impaired of the
building closing and/or emergency-type announcements.
Provide adequate exterior lighting, with attention to
parking areas and all entrances and exits to help ensure
safe use of the library facility at night. The exterior
lighting should be raised and/or enclosed to protect
against vandalism.
For outside lights, consider energy efficient sodium
lights or an equivalent;such as 35 watt low pressure sodium
security wall pack with wrap around lens on four sides.
Fixtures and lenses that burn cool and make cleaning and
lamp replacement simple should be considered. The
lighting should be controlled by a time clock and/or
photoelectric cell.
The lighting at the Circulation Counter needs to
receive special attention to make sure that heat from the
lighting source or fixtures does not make the area in
and around the desk uncomfortable for staff working there,
or users who may be awaiting service.
Interior Considerations
Iv.21
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
MAINTENANCE PLANNING
Ease of building maintenance should be considered
during all stages of the design process. There are several
general planning considerations with regard to building
maintenance and maintainability.
GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
Attempt to eliminate internal window sills, ledges, and
all unnecessary dust catching surfaces.
Corridors should have no recesses in the wall or
projections into the corridors. Drinking fountains in
corridors should be avoided.
e
Mount drinking fountains and other items on the walls
rather than on the floors where possible. Provide
floor mounted trash receptacles (outfitted with trash
liners) and cigarette urns outside the building.
Provide round corners where possible so that they will
not catch dust.
Avoid use of ornamental brass or bronze hardware on
trim which requires excessive labor for cleaning and
polishing; utilize stainless steel (second choice,
aluminum).
Utilize rubber cove bases, rather than wooden
baseboards, to provide a scuff-free surface and rounded
joints which are easily cleaned.
CUSTODIAL FACILITIES
Provide an adequate centralized area for the exclusive
storage of cleaning materials and equipment.
2. Provide adequate custodial closets, at least two.
3 o
In the maintenance room and custodial closets,
floor drains with eight inch curb instead of
sinks (whenever possible).
install
utility
Provide adequate sources of both hot and cold water for
custodial use.
Interior Considerations
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Se
Provide electrical outlets for custodial use in
corridors and large rooms, not over 75 linear feet
apart. An outlet should be located near the door of
each room.
OPENINGS
Consider a recess in the vestibule floor with roll-up
parts for easy cleaning and galvanized pan to catch
dust and dirt. This will remove most of the soil that
is tracked into the building.
2. Use flush doors rather than paneled doors.
3e
Provide resilient door and corner-wall
strips at high traffic areas--confer
regarding where these areas will be.
protection
with staff
WALLS AND CEILINGS
Use paints that are durable and washable, or use other
washable materials such as vinyl coverings.
2. Consider glazed tile for walls of rest rooms.
Metallic perforated ceiling types are much easier to
clean and otherwise maintain than fiber materials
EXTERIOR MAINTENANCE
Provide for the housing of lawn mowing and other
equipment in a lockable and accessible storage
facility. Consider the Loading Dock as a possible
space for the housing of the equipment.
2 o
The design consultant should specify the equipment that
will be needed to adequately maintain the building
exterior, i. e. ladder(s), lawn equipment,- hoses and
the like.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
Require of all design consultants, engineers,
contractors and sub-contractors a preventive
maintenance manual that provides a timetable for
detailed maintenance for all mechanical and electrical
equipment; provide the names, addresses and telephone
numbers of all suppliers, parts manuals, etc.
Interior Considerations
IV.23
__ Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Provide a maintenance manual with a timetable for
care and cleaning of all building furniture, fixtures
and equipment surfaces and finishes.
3 o
Consider photographing all installations of wiring,
plumbing, etc. that will be covered by flooring, walls
and the like for the later expediting of repairs and
changes.
Require a set of "as built" drawings for all custom
items, and wherever the actual construction may vary
from the bid construction documents (plans and specs).
FZNZSHES FOR SURFACES AND WALLS
Where feasible, provide stock, "off-the-shelf-and-in-
the-catalog," products or finishes of the supplier or
manufacturer. To facilitate patching and repairs, these
"stock" items should include floor and wall coverings,
ceiling tiles, paints, stains, upholstery fabrics and
plastic laminates.
ADDED OR "ATTZC" STOCK
The design consultant and/or interior design consultant
should require in the construction
documents/specifications provisions for certain
suppliers to provide the Owner with and added (or
"attic") stock (supply) of their product in order to
facilitate later maintenance or repair. It is
important to retain a stock of these materials from the
same dye lot, manufacturing runs, etc. in order to
insure proper matching. The following items and amounts
are recommended by the program consultant.
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, i~.
TABLE 2
RECOMMENDED ADDED ("ATT/C") STOCK
ITEM AMOUNT
Wall Coverings
Ceiling Tile
Carpet
Vinyl Tile
Ceramic Tile
Fuses
Breakers
Paint
H20 Treatment
Air Filters
Smoke or Heat
Detectors
3 percent
3 percent
5 percent
3 percent
5 percent
1 for each installed
5 percent of branch
circuits
2 to 10 percent
1 year supply
2 complete changes
1 of each type
MERCHANDISING DECOR
Portions of the public service areas, such as new book
displays and videocassettes areas, should be designed to
incorporate some of the merchandising features and
furnishings of quality retail outlets, including book
stores. The books and other library materials, including
pamphlet holders, display and announcement boards, exhibit
cases, public service counters and desks should be designed
in such a manner that they can "meet" their respective
service functions while attracting uses who are browsing
through the new Coppell Public Library building.
MODULAR, OPEN DESIGN
The new library building should be planned as a modular
one, incorporating evenly placed load bearing columns at
minimum increments. Provide a minimum of fixed walls with
open planning bays to accommodate combinations of three foot
shelving sections. Eliminate thresholds or doorsills, as
they interfere with the movement of book trucks.
[V.25
_ Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
OFFICE SYSTEMS FURNITURE AND EOUIPMENT
Office systems furniture and equipment utilizes
adjustable panel systems to create staff service desks and
work stations. The use of moveable wall systems, in lieu of
dry wall construction, should also be considered for
designated areas. The combination of these systems (office
systems and moveable walls) provide the library with needed
flexibility for future changes, as well as providing for
improved visual control of the building.
PHOTOCOPY/TELEFACSIMILE MACHINES
Provide for coin-operated/debit card photocopying
machines in both the adult and children's areas, near the
public service points (counter and/or desk). Plan for some
paper storage to be with the machines. Consider an
acoustical screen around the machines. Be sure that the
acoustical screens do not obstruct sightlines to/from the
machines. Guide users to the machines via signage. Provide
separate copy machine(s) for staff use. Include with the
adult public photocopy area a commercial telefacsimile
machine.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Provide a public address system with cassette tape
program source and speakers throughout the building for
announcements. Locate the equipment and controls in a
locked storage area in the Circulation/Technical Services
Workroom. Provide a "push-to-talk" microphone at the
storage area, and at the Circulation Counter. The public
address system should operate all speakers, including those
in the meeting and conference rooms. The speakers in those
rooms should be on a switch allowing the system to be cut
off (so that a program will not be disturbed while in
progress).
PUBLIC TELEPHONES
Provide stand-up type, open-front public telephones
with provision for use by the physically handicapped.
Provide, near each instrument, a writing surface
(chalkboard, tear-off paper pad, etc.) so that users will
have something other than the wall to write/doodle/take
notes on (this will save.wear and tear on the wall surface).
interior Considerations
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
REST ROOMS
PUBLXC REST ROOMS
Locate public rest rooms adjacent to the building
lobby. Provide a unisex public rest room adjacent to
Children's Services with space and fixtures scaled for small
children.
STAFF REST ROOMS
Provide staff rest rooms adjacent to the Staff Room.
GENERAL CONSXDERATXONS
The space allowance for the rest rooms is included in
the non-assignable (gross square feet) space. Provide
acoustical treatment and adequate ventilation. Surfaces
should be of easily cleaned materials and vandal-resistant.
Provide wall-mounted commodes and urinals, ceiling/wall
mounted partitions with doors (w/coat hooks), double-sheet
toilet paper dispensers, seat cover dispensers, sloped floor
drains, mirrors, porcelain washbasins (w/automatic shut-off
faucets) set in enclosed cabinets for stability, foam or
liquid soap dispensers (located adjacent to the washbasins
so that soap is discharged into the basin), coin-operated
sanitary napkin machines in the women's rest rooms, electric
hand dryers in the public rest room, paper towels only in
the staff rest rooms. Locate the paper waste containers in
such a manner that wet hands will not drip water across the
floor (a maintenance problem). Provide adequate shelf space,
including shelves (fold-down) in the toilet stalls as users
will be carrying books, purses, etc. Provide counter space
in the public rest rooms (both men's and women's) for use by
persons changing baby diapers. Provide for use by
handicapped per local building code.
SECURITY SYSTEMS
Design the building to incorporate fire and smoke
detection and prevention systems per local building code to
detect a fire at its earliest inception and provide a local
warning system. Locate the system out of the reach of
children. Provide a fire suppression system. Provide an
intrusion security system to detect unauthorized entry when
the library is closed as it will house a considerable amount
of electronic equipment, office machines and vending
machines. Consider a security system that provides for
graded access to various parts of the building, linked to
staff badges and/or library cards.
Interior Considerations
~V.27
-- BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Equip all emergency exits with audible alarms. Provide
dead bolts for all exterior doors. Provide for light
switches at each entry-way door so that staff will not have
to walk through a dark building upon entering/leaving.
The security system should connect directly with
Police/Fire department(s).
See the appendix for additional information.
SHELVING
The Coppell Public Library is first and foremost a
place for books. The space needed to house the collections
will consume about 50 percent of the net assignable square
footage (nasf). The majority of the books will be housed on
conventional steel library bookstack shelving. The shelving
in the children's area will be primarily 48"H (a base shelf
with two adjustable shelves) and 60"H shelving (a base shelf
with four adjustable shelves). The majority of the adult
collections will utilize 84"H shelving (base shelf with six
adjustable shelves). A book support should accompany each
shelf. Unless otherwise stated, all base shelves should be
12"D, all adjustable shelves 10"D.
Ail bookstacks in the public spaces should have end
panels with two flush-mounted label holders (or equal) for
double-face ranges. Only the 48"H shelving should have
canopy tops.
The assignable space section of this building program
assumes that the clear aisle space within the bookstack
ranges will be 42", the cross and end aisle space will be
48". These measurements will allow for maximum access by
persons with physical handicaps. The sketch on page IV.28
illustrates the basics of library shelving.
Interior ConsJderations
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUgLIC LZBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
SICK BUILDING
Library buildings have the same potential as other
buildings to make people, the staff and the public, sick.
The most common sources of chemical and microbiological
agents (pollution) that can result in a sick library
building are listed below:
Outside contamination, e.g. exhaust from a neighboring
garage.
2. Building materials contamination.
e
Photocopy machine contamination, especially if not
externally vented.
e
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Libraries are dust
reservoirs and the dust provides for mites and
bacteria. Air conditioning systems can breed
"legionella," staff and patrons can spread infection.
Interior Considerations
iV.29
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Ir)c.
SHELVING DIAGRAM 1/4" = 1'
/0'
Interior Considerations
IV.30
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
5. Chemicals used in building maintenance can also cause
contamination.
Inadequate ventilation, the principal cause in more
than 50 percent of the sick building investigations.6
The design consultant is urged to take into
consideration these matters in the design process. For
additional information please see "The Sick (Library)
Building Syndrome" by Matthew J. Simon, Library
Administration & Manaqement, Spring 1990.
SIGNAGE AND GRAPHICS
Graphic design, a signage system (interior and
exterior), and architectural design should be conceived and
planned in concert to announce the library's services, and
to orient and guide people to all areas within the facility.
Standardize the typeface for all signage.
The design consultant and interior design consultant
are referred to Siqn Systems for Libraries, by Dorothy
Pollet and Peter C. Haskell for guidance in this area. The
book divides the information for signage systems into three
basic categories:
1. Direction - information to guide and direct people
along routes to their destinations.
2. Identification - information to label destinations so
that people recognize them when they have arrived.
Instruction - information to inform people about rules,
restrictions, special conditions and procedures.
The signage should be designed and installed so that
staff can make changes with ease over the life of the
building.
The design consultant should also confer with the
Library Board and/or the City Manager regarding the design
of a cast bronze plaque listing the name of the library,
year of construction, Library Board members and librarian.
The plaque should be located near the entrance, preferably
in the foyer. Provide a rubbing before casting. Provide
space for a "wall of recognition" for major contributors to
the building or the possibility of a donor's "tree".
Interior Considerations
-- BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepored by BBW Associates, inc.
STORAGE AREAS
Provide free-standing, industrial-type, open, metal
shelving in the storage area. A 100 net assignable square
foot (nasf) room should be provided. Custodial closets are
considered part of the unassignable spaces of the building.
TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Confer with the library director and staff in planning
for the telecommunications system, including the placement
of all telephone instruments and the number of
incoming/outgoing lines that will be required. A dedicated
telephone line for each CRT terminal location should be
considered.
The library will want to consider the latest in
telecommunications technology, including voice message
systems (possibly for public service as well as staff
communications), a satellite hookup and telefacsimile.
Include capability for teleconferencing, an important
service the library could provide.
TELEVISION
Provide for cable television access to the building in
the Multi-Purpose Meeting Room and the conference room in
Administrative Services. Consider one other location within
the Adult Services area (confer with Owner and program
consultant before finalizing placement).
United States Bureau of the Census. Current PopuLation Reports. 1989
Bredeur, PauL. "The Magnetic-FieLd Menance." MacworLd, JuLy 1990.
E[mer-Oewitt, Phi[Lip. .Mystery--and Ma)/oe Danger--in the Air." Time, Deceflfoer 24, 1990.
This information is for the two models of the "TattLe Tape" system manufactured by the 3M
Co~any of saint PauL, Minnesota. The design co~uLtant should also confer with other
manufacturers (Checkpoint and No Go) regarding their specifications.
The 3M Company recoamends several CRTs: UNISYS 3617, Sensung 2575 and Te[eray 20DH for
n~nochroamtic mode[s; QNISYS 3680 and IBM 5153 with color displays. The design consultant
should also confer with the two other coe~nies on this matter.
Interior Considerations
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIgRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
He[ius, James. ,,indoor Air QuaLity: SeLected References." U. S. Department of HeaLth and
Hun~an Services, Rational institute for Occupational Safety and HeaLth, 198c).
interior Considerations
THE ASSIGNABLE SPACES
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
PAGE V.2
MULTI-PURPOSE MEETING ROOM
PAGE V.4
CONFERENCE RC)C)MS (TWO)
PAGE V.6
PANTRY
PAGE V.8
STORAGE (FOR MEETING AND CONFERENCE ROOMS)
PAGE V.lO
CIRCULATION COUNTER
PAGE V.11
CIRCULATION/TECHNICAL SERVICES ~ORKROOM
PAGE v.15
BOOK RETURN ROOM
PAGE V.I§
NE~ BOOKS DISPLAY
PAGE V.19
CRILDREN~S SERVICES
PAGE V.20
CHILDREN'S PROGRAM ROOI4
PAGE V.24
CHILDREN'S SERVICES WORKROOM
PAGE V.26
YOUTH SERVICES
PAGE V.28
AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES
PAGE
PUBLIC WORD PROCESSING STATIONS
PAGE V.32
ADULT SERVICES
PAGE V.33
QUIET READING AND PERIODICALS
PAGE V.36
THE ASSIGNABLE SPACES
CONTINUED
ADULT SERVICES WORKROOM
PAGE V.37
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
PAGE V.39
STAFF ROOM
PAGE V.42
STORAGE
PAGE V.44
LOADING DOCK
PAGE V.45
THE ASSIGNABLE SPACES
The new Coppell Public Library building program calls
for 27,980 gross square feet (gsf) with 22,385 net
assignable square feet (nasf). This ratio will result in a
building that is approximately 20 percent efficient (22,385
assignable or net square feet divided by 80 percent.)
Twenty-two, separate, assignable spaces are described in the
building program.
As stated in the preceding chapter, the library
will not occupy the entire building for at least five to
seven/eight years. The program, however, has been prepared
as if the total space will be used by the Coppell Library
from day one. See the "Other Comments" section of Adult
Services and Children's Services for further information.
Each of the spaces is named, given a space number, and
described in terms of size (nasf). Each space is then
briefly described (functional activities description). The
anticipated number of staff and/or public typically using
the space (occupancy) is stated, followed by a preliminary
listing of the furniture, fixtures, and equipment (f f & e).
A description of the relationship between assignable spaces
(spatial relationships) is then presented. The concluding
remarks address environmental/engineering needs and other
comments (in some instances).
The occupancy level indicates the number of staff
and/or users who might be in the space at any one time. The
users who can be seated (the number in parentheses) is also
stated. The seating does not include spaces for person in
wheelchairs, or where stand-up tables are to be used.
The furniture/fixtures/equipment listing for each space
is not an inclusive listing; it identifies the basic
shelving and seating needs and other primary furnishings and
equipment needed to outfit each space. The seating must be
comfortable as many persons will spend several hours using
the reference and other materials.
Section VI, A Summary of the Assignable Spaces,
provides an overview of the net assignable and gross square
feet, plus shelving and seating capacities.
The Ass[gnabte Spaces
V.1
Building Program
£OPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, [nc.
SPACE 1
ENTRANCE/LOBBY
NASF 400
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Provide first impression of the library to the public.
Provide access for public into the library, the Multi-
Purpose Meeting (Space 2) and Conference Room (Space 3).
Provide an area for rotating displays and exhibits; and an
area for children to wait for parents to pick them up from
the library. The waiting area should be visible from the
Circulation Counter (Space 6}.
Provide space for persons who may wish to "meet" between
uses of the public meeting rooms.
OCCUPANCY
From a few to a few hundred (eight seated), depending upon
the schedule of activities in the building.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
1 Built-in, glass-enclosed, tack board for posters and
announcements.
4 Benches seating two persons each.
1 Computer-controlled display to serve as a "Today's
Events" announcement board.
1 Kiosk for literature display and distribution.
Gallery quality, sectional, flexible, free-standing
display system for the mounting of exhibits; to be
stored when not in use.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Public rest rooms, meeting
rooms (Spaces and 2 and 3)
counter (space 6).
and conference
and Circulation
Close to:
New Books Display (Space 9).
Visual control:From Circulation Counter (Space 6).
The Assignable Spaces
V.2
-- Buitding Program
COPPELL PUgLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics
High traffic area with only hard surfaces;
give attention to incorporation of acoustical
control materials such as graphics and other
elements.
Communications:Provide two pay telephones; design one for
access by handicapped and children. Provide
a surface that persons can "doodle" and take
notes without marring the walls.
Electronics:
Wire and cable
display.
for computer-controlled
Lighting:
Consider added lighting for enclosed bulletin
board and adjustable lighting for exhibits.
Security:
Plan for the library materials security
system. Provide means to close meeting rooms
and rest rooms off from the library for after
hours usage.
Temperature:
Provide double, air-lock doors to control
drafts and conserve energy.
Other:
Provide dual level water fountains w/one for
wheelchair use.
OTHER COMMENTS
Consider space for an initial and/or future piece(s) of art.
The detection devices for the library materials security
system will be located closer to the Circulation Counter
(Space 6) than the main entrance.
The Assignable Spaces
V.3
-- Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HSW Associates, [nc.
SPACE 2 MULTI-PURPOSE MEETING ROOM NASF 1,810
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
A multi-purpose space for library programming such
lectures, forums, reading/discussion groups and exhibits.
as
A multi-purpose space for library-related, civic and city
government use such as conferences, training sessions,
forums, adult education functions, Friends of the Library
and other community groups.
Include space for coat rack (50 nasf) and projection booth
(80 nasf).
Provide for dividing partitions should allow the large room
to be divided into three smaller spaces seating 80, 35 and
35.
OCCUPANCY
Theater-type seating in stacking chairs for 150 persons (150
seated), seminar or table seating for 80 persons.
PRELIMINANY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
150
20
1
1
1
Stack-chairs w/dollies).
Narrow (60"L x 20"W x 30"H), folding tables w/dollies.
Lectern on casters w/built-in sound system (portability
to allow use in other areas of the building as needed).
Ceiling-recessed, motorized screen (60" x 60").
Large-screen TV and VCR playback unit housed
locking cabinet w/stereo sound system.
Wall-mounted,
one in each
Meeting Room.
3 Media cards w/built-in electrical outlets for
projections (slide, 16mm film and overhead).
in a
enclosed, combination tack/white boards;
section of the divisible Multi-Purpose
various
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Close to:
Away from:
Pantry (Space 4).
Entrance/Lobby (Space 1).
Mechanical equipment and other noise sources.
3
The Assignable Spaces
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUGLIC L~BRARY
prepared by HB~ Associates. inc.
ENVT RONMENT~L / ENGINEERTNG NEEDS
Acoustics:
Designed for the meeting environment.
Balance for use of the entire area, or the
divided rooms.
The dividing partitions' acoustical property
must be adequate to allow three meetings to
take place at one time.
Communications:Provide a telephone jack (secured) in each of
the three rooms and in the projection booth
(silent ring). Provide for future
teleconferencing capabilities.
Electronics:
Provide for cable TV drop. Wire and cable
for personal computer w/printer
demonstrations and instruction. Provide
outlets throughout the room(s).
Lighting:
General area with dimmer controls and
adjustable, track lighting for exhibits,
presentations and other programs or
performances. Lighting controls must be
designed so that if the lights are turned off
in one room, they will not be also be turned
off in the other room(s).
If natural lighting is provided,
window treatment to omit as needed.
include
Temperature: Include separate HVAC controls.
Other:
Provide a level floor.
OTHER COMMENTS
Meeting rooms get heavy use. Provide easily maintained wall
surfaces and heavy-duty carpet tile that can withstand
tables and chairs being dragged across the carpet tiles.
Provide a chair rail on all walls. Provide a recessed
picture railing (or other means) for hanging art. Provide a
storage room for the chairs and tables. The partitions that
divide the room must be recessed in such a manner that they
do not intrude into the usable space. Consider direct
access to the "stage" from the outside to facilitate the
movement of equipment, e.g. a piano, harp, etc.
The AssJgnabte Spaces
Building Program
COPPELL PUgLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
NASF 390
SPACE 3 CONFERENCE ROOMS (TWO)
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Spaces (two) for small conferences, meetings,
reading/discussion sessions, related library
functions.
OCCUPANCY
One room seating 10,
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
1 Conference table (60"L x 30"W x 30"H in room seating
eight).
study groups,
and community
second room seating eight (18 seated).
8 Conference chairs.
2 Narrow
10 Stack chairs w/dolly.
2 Wall-mounted, enclosed,
2 Media carts w/built-in
projections
(60"L x 20"W x 30"H) folding tables w/dolly.
combination tack/white boards.
electrical outlets for various
(slide, 16m~ film and overhead).
SPATI~tL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
close to:
Away from:
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Communications:Provide a telephone jack
room.
Electronics:
Lighting:
Other:
Multi-Purpose Meeting Room (Space 2), Pantry
(Space 4) and public rest rooms.
Entrance/Lobby (Space 1).
Mechanical equipment and other noise sources.
(secured) in each
Provide for cable TV drop in each room. Wire
and cable for personal computers w/printers.
Provide electrical outlets throughout.
General area with dimmer controls.
If natural light is provided,
provision for omitting as needed.
include
The Assignable Spaces
V.6
8u~tding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBg Associates, Inc.
OTHER COMMENTS
The rooms will be used extensively. Provide easily
maintained wall surfaces and heavy-duty carpet tile that can
withstand tables and chairs being dragged across the carpet
tile. Provide a chair rail on all walls. Provide recessed
railing for hanging art pieces.
Stack chairs and folding tables will be stored in Multi-
Purpose Meeting Room Storage (Space 5) as needed.
The Assignabte Spaces
V.7
8ur[ding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 4 PANTRY NASF 60
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
As scheduled for individual meetings, serves as preparation
and serving area for light refreshments and food.
An enclosed space with over-size door. Include counters,
locking storage cabinets, large double-sinks and appliances
for ease of use in preparing refreshments and food.
Provide a concealed service counter that may be used to
serve food and refreshments, although food and refreshments
will generally be served via serving cart in the meeting
and/or conference rooms.
OCCUPANCY
One to three persons.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Built-in unit w/wide counters, locking cabinets, large
double-sinks w/drains, garbage disposal, microwave
oven, large dishwasher, electric oven, refrigerator
w/ice maker.
4 Commercial-grade coffee makers, varying capacities.
2 Serving carts w/built-in electrical outlets.
Large garbage cans.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Multi-Purpose Meeting Room (Space 2) and
Conference Rooms (Space 3).
Away from:
Public rest rooms.
The Ass[gnab[e Spaces
V.8
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBg Associates, Inc.
ENVIROI'~.ENT~%L/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Communications:Provide a wall-mounted
ring).
telephone (silent
Electronics:
Provide sufficient outlets designed for
multiple use.
Lighting:
Temperature:
General and under-counter.
Provide sufficient exhaust
control and food odors.
fans for heat
Other:
Provide an over-sized door for ease of access
and transportation of refreshments and food.
Provide vinyl flooring and floor drain for
ease of maintenance.
OTHER COMMENTS
Serving carts will be used to serve the Multi-Purpose
Meeting Room (Space 2) and the Conference Rooms (Space 3).
The Assignable Spaces
V.9
6uJtding Program
CO~)PELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
P~eparedby H8~ Associates, IRc.
SPACE 5
STORAGE (FOR HEETZNG AND CONFERENCE ROOMS)
NASF 200
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
A space for the storage of tables, chairs, lecterns, serving
carts, audiovisual equipment and other equipment for
convenient access to all conference rooms and the Multi-
Purpose Meeting Room.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
51 Linear feet of 84" high, industrial, wall-mounted
shelving for audiovisual equipment and other items
(part of 200 nasf).
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Multi-Purpose Meeting Room (Space 2) and
Conference Room (Space 3).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Lighting:
Security:
Other:
Minimal.
Provide locking doors.
Provide access via double doors
access.
for ease of
The Assignable Spaces
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepareclby HB~ Associates, Inc.
SPACE 6 CZRCULATI'ON COUNTER NASF 600
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
An integrated service area designed to handle registration
for library cards, check-in and -out of books and materials,
receipt of fines and fees, lost items, interlibrary loan,
materials on reserve, etc.
Design the counter and service area to invite patrons to be
served speedily via a "bank-que" sequence arrangement
(without use of ropes and stands) to be served by the next
available check-out station. Consider a single, attractive
sign inviting patrons to "please wait here for next
available clerk."
Provide an "on-time" library materials return slot within
the Counter whereby the user can place a returned item into
the slot, the item dropping into the Circulation/Technical
Services Workroom (Space 7).
The circulation staff also serves as back-up for handling
initial, in-coming telephone calls in addition to handling
telephone inquiries regarding circulation records and
functions.
The circulation counter is always staffed.
OCCUPANCY
Two to four staff, depending on the service needs. Users
being assisted may range from one or two to a dozen or more
at any one time.
1he Assignable Spaces
8u~ ~ding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, ]nc.
PRELI~II~ARY LISTING OF FURN~TURE/FIXTURES/E~U~PHENT
Custom-designed Circulation Counter w/cash register
well, outlets for four computer terminals w/printers.
Include four, identifiable service points including a
low counter for serving children and the handicapped.
Provide enclosed storage and open shelving for 500
items. The Counter should be a custom-design in such a
manner that it is "friendly" to both adults and
children, e.g. different heights, the larger part at
standing height, the lessor part at sitting height;
allow 600 nasf. (NOTE: The design and construction of
the facade/top should be part of the general
construction contract. The design should allow for the
use of modular components to fit inside the counter.
The library card registration function will take place
at the sitting height section of the counter. The
design must allow for changing the configuration as
necessary.)
3 Posture stools (part of 600 nasf).
1
2
63
Posture chair (part of 600 nasf).
Reader chairs on user side, at the sitting height
section (part of 600 nasf).
Book trucks for approximately 480 returned, sorted
books, ready for re-shelving; allow 40 nasf (part of
6050 nasf).
Linear ft. of 60"H steel, single-face bookstack
shelving for 500 items, place behind the Counter on the
staff side (part of 600 nasf).
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: circulation/Technical
(Space 7).
Services Workroom
Close to: New Books Display (Space 9).
Visual control:Of the Entrance/Lobby (Space
Rest Rooms.
1) and Public
The A$$ignabte Spaces
Building Progr~n
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Preperedby#BW Associates, Inc.
ENV'rRONI~.F, NT~L / ENG~NEER'r N~ HEEDS
Acoustics:
A high traffic area.
acoustical control.
Consider extra
Communications:Provide three telephones.
Electronics:
Lighting:
Wire and cable for four terminals
and barcode readers. Provide
shielding for terminals from the
security system equipment.
w/printers
adequate
electronic
Avoid incandescent, heat-producing lighting.
Give special attention to glare for the staff
working at the circulation terminals.
Security:
Provide cash register and well that ca~ot be
reached from user side of the Counter.
Provide easy/quick access for library staff
from the Counter to the library entrance and
electronic materials detection system (i.e.
sensing screens).
Temperature:
Other:
Provide adequate air return to avoid heat
build-up as the area is staffed at all times.
Consider a one-way window or window with
necessary shades/blinds to provide visibility
from the Circulation/Technical Services
Workroom (Space 7).
Design the desk to handle all of the
functions (i.e. registration, loan and check-
in, reserves, receipt of monies, etc.) via an
automation system (to be selected). The
architects and interior designer shall confer
with the library staff, the program
consultant and the automation system
representative regarding specifications and
housing for the system and all functions in
the Counter with sufficient storage and other
features.
The AssJgnab[e Spaces
V.13
Bui td~ng Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by I~BW Associates, Inc.
OTHER COMMENTS
For many users of the Coppell Public Library this is the
single most important part of the building and will be their
only direct contact with library staff. The design of the
space must be significant.
Staff comfort while on duty is very important, as is their
ability to work effectively and efficiently. Provide
additional padding on the floor behind the Counter on the
staff side inasmuch as staff often must stand for several
hours at a time while providing service. Consider overhead
fans to improve air circulation at the Counter.
The Assignabte Spaces
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 7 CIRCULATION/TECHNICAL SERVICES WORKROOM
NASF 1,325
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Work and office area for Circulation staff functions.
Work and office area for Technical Services staff functions.
The space will include the following areas:
Circulation Services Office 100 nasf
Circulation Services Workstations 335 nasf
Sorting Area 130 nasf
Technical Services Office 100 nasf
Acquisitions and Cataloging
Workstations 375 nasf
Processing and Mending
Workstation 285 nasf
OCCUPANCY
From 10 to 16 staff and volunteers may be working in the
area at any given time.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITORE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Circulation Services Office 100 nasf
1 Private, enclosed office for the Head of Circulation
Services. Provide desk w/posture chair, small round
conference table w/two side chairs, one 4-drawer
lateral-pull file cabinet, computer terminal w/printer
and modem and nine linear feet of shelving for 50
items.
Circulation Services Workstations 335 nasf
4 Open-office work stations w/posture chairs and computer
terminals wired to four printers (two laser, two dot-
matrix); allow 260 nasf (65 nasf per station).
1 Heavy-duty work table (3' x 5') w/two posture chairs
and one computer terminal wired to printers; allow 75
nasf.
The Assignable Spaces
V.15
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, [nc.
Sortinq Area
130 nasf
6 Book trucks; allow 30 nasf.
252 Linear ft. of 84"H, steel, double-face bookstack
shelving for 1,000 items; allow 100 nasf.
Technical Services office
100 nasf
Private, enclosed office for the Head of Technical
Services. Provide desk w/posture chair, small round
conference table w/two side chairs, one 4-drawer
lateral-pull file cabinet, computer terminal w/printer
and modem and nine linear feet of shelving for 50
items.
Acquisitions and Cataloqinq Workstations
375 nasf
3
Open-office work stations w/posture chairs, housing for
computer terminal w/printers and barcode reader; allow
225 nasf (75 nasf per station).
2 4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinets; allow 30 nasf.
4 Book trucks; allow 20 nasf.
252
Linear ft.
shelving for
100 nasf.
of 84"H, steel, double-face, bookstack
1,000 items, including gift books; allow
Processinq and Mendinq Workstation
285 nasf
Counter with a large work surface (12' to 15' in
length, 2 1/2' deep) outfitted to hold mending
supplies, storage and two posture stools; allow 120
nasf. (Note: Confer w/staff and program consultant for
specifics.)
Heavy-duty work table (3' x 5') w/two posture chairs
and housing for computer terminal w/printer and barcode
reader; allow 75 nasf.
Open-office work station w\posture chair and two
lockable shelves for audiovisual repair; allow 90 nasf.
The Assignabte Spaces
-- BuiLding Program
COPP£LL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBN Associates, Inc.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Circulation Counter (Space 6). Due to heavy
traffic between the two areas, provide
openings rather than doors between the
Counter and this space.
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
Sorting area can be quite noisy.
Communications:Provide telephone and modem access at each
office and work station, plus wall-mounted
telephone near the work tables and in the
sorting area.
Electronics:
Wire and cable each work station as indicated
for computer terminal w/printer(s) and
barcode readers.
Lighting:
Supplement general area lighting with task
lighting at desks and work stations. Give
special attention to glare for the staff
working at the various computer terminals.
Utilities:
Small counter w/sink,
and cabinet near the
Workstations.
paper towel dispenser,
Processing and Mending
OTHER COMMENTS
Locating the sorting area i~ediately behind the Circulation
Counter (Space 6) to expedite the movement of loaded book
trucks from the Counter to the sorting area.
This will be "home" for the staffs of Circulation Services
and Technical Services. Therefore, care must be taken to
provide an environment that facilitates productivity. The
staff should be able to "personalize" their individual
spaces as desired (within library policies).
Although this is one large room, use the furniture and
equipment (or some other means other than a fixed partition)
to provide some visual and acoustical separation between the
three Circulation Services areas and the three Technical
Services areas.
Consider only task lighting. If flourescent lighting is
used, make accoustical allowance for the noise generated by
the lights.
The AssignabLe Spaces
V.17
-- Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBN Associates, Inc.
SPACE 8 BOOK RETURN ROOM NASF 80
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Provide a small room for the return of library materials
when the building is closed. The room must be two-hour
fire-rated w/a halon gas (or equivalent) for fire
suppression system.
Design the space for the installation of Mosler (or similar)
return chute, w/books falling directly into a depressible
book bin on casters, or the floor which will be padded.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Circulation/Technical
(Space 7).
Services
Workroom
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
The dropping of books into the space can be
noisy. Provide good installation to protect
against noise "spillover."
Electronics:
Wire and cable for computer terminal
w/printer (if drive-in/up service is
installed).
Lighting:
Minimal.
Security:
Must be 2-hour fire-rated construction.
Consider closed-circuit surveillance of the
area.
Utilities:
Provide floor drain.
OTHER COMMENTS
Locate this space, if at all
wishing to return an item(s)
leave his/her vehicle.
possible, so that a person
can do so without having to
The Assignable Spaces
__ Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
SPACE 9 NEW BOOKS DISPLAY NASF 300
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Prominently located, high traffic, display area for a
"popular library" collection of adult materials including
new or current adult books, paperback books, books-on-tape,
videocassettes and compact discs (CD's) in ,,bookstore-type"
shelving.
OCCUPANCY
Two to 15 (four seated), depending on level of activity.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
432
Linear ft. of 66"H, double-face, display-type shelving
for 1,200 adult new hardback and paperback books; allow
200 nasf.
Free-standing, bookstore-type, display units for
audiovisual materials (AY) to include books-on-tape,
videocassettes and CD's, house 800 items; allow 80
nasf.
2 Benches seating two persons each; allow 20 nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Close to:
Circulation Counter (Space 6).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
Can be a noisy area.
Lighting:
Provide book store or merchandising-type
shelving with marquee-type lighting for the
popular materials.
OTHER COMMENTS
Locate in such a manner that
will easily see this space.
persons entering the building
The Assignabte Spaces
V.19
-- Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepaced by HB~ Associates, Inc.
SPACE 10
CHILDREN' S SERVICES
NASF 4,285
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Service point for Children's Services (ages 0 - 12 [6th
grade]), located in a prominent space for easy access from
Entrance/Lobby (Space 1), and visual control of the space
from the Circulation Counter (Space 6).
The space for the circulating and reference collection of
books and materials. The collection includes picture and
"easy-books", fiction and non-fiction, paperbacks,
magazines, audiovisual materials, other media and a
"Parent's Collection" of materials.
Provide a service desk prominently located for visual
control of the area.
OCCUPANCY
Two to three staff on duty at any one time, depending upon
the activity level.
Twenty to 120 children and/or parents/caregivers
seated), depending upon the activity level.
(58
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Custom-designed service desk for children's height
(approximately 27"H) w/storage, files, drawers and
shelving for 50 ready-reference books, two posture
chairs, two reader chairs and one computer terminal
w/printer and one personal computer w/printer and
modem; allow 300 nasf. (NOTE: The facade and top of
the desk should be custom-designed, a part of the
general construction contract. The design and
construction should allow for the use of modular
components to fit inside the facade/top. The design
must allow for the configuration of the desk to be
changed as necessary.)
Photocopy machine w/storage, coin- and debit-card
operated w/coin/dollar bill ($1, $5 and $20) change
machine, free-standing; allow 50 nasf. Locate near the
service desk.
OPAC (online public access catalog)
for person[s] in a wheel-chair and
chair each; 210 nasf.
stations (one unit
five w/one reader
594 Linear ft. of 66"H, steel, double-face bookstack
shelving for 4,170 reference vols.; allow 400 nasf.
The Assignabte Spaces
V.20
BuiEding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
666
10
4
6
2244
51
12
3
Linear ft. of 48"H double-face bookstack shelving for
10,000 picture/easy books; allow 300 nasf. (NOTE:
Include within this shelving six to eight book bins
[part of the 666 linear ft.].)
Double-faced, picture book table with sloping tops
(32"h at middle x 26 1/2" at front and back x 38"d x
79"L and 6 stools; allow 100 nasf.
Floor seats for the picture/easy book area allow 100
nasf.
Speciality seating units for the picture/easy book
area, e.g. a bathtub, oversize baseball glove, etc.;
allow 100 nasf. (NOTE: Confer w/staff before
flnalizlng.)
2-place lounge chairs for adults (large enough to allow
an adult and child to sit together), provide one end
table w/task lighting for each pair of chairs; allow
180 nasf.
Display and housing units for toys and audiovisual
materials, about 800 items; allow 80 nasf.
Linear ft. of 66"H, steel, double-faced bookstack
shelving for 20,000 circulating fiction and non-fiction
vols.; allow 1,340 nasf. (NOTE: Consider using the
existing shelving which may need to be re-painted
and/or have the end panels re-finished, as well as new
shelving as needed.)
Linear ft. of 66"H, double-face, display-type shelving
for 500 new vols; allow 100 nasf.
Linear ft. of 48H", steel, double-faced, hinged display
shelving for 25 current periodicals; allow 25 nasf.
Flexible, display shelving units for display, seasonal
and special-interest materials (about 500 items); allow
60 nasf.
4-place, round reading tables; two (36"D x 25"H) and
two (48"D x 17 1/2"H) w/20 chairs at proper seat
height; allow 400 nasf.
Four-place, media-table for cassette tapes or slide-
tape presentations w/listening headsets and four
stools; allow 90 nasf.
The Assignabte Spaces
V.21
_ Buitding Program
,OPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
2-place carrels w/reader chairs, two
w/electronics for personal computers
audiovisual equipment; allow 210 nasf.
carrels equipped
and printers and
3-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinets for pamphlet and
picture files; allow 60 nasf.
2 Exhibit/display cases; allow 80 nasf.
Display area; allow 100 nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to:
Children's Workroom (Space 12) and Children's
Program Room (Space 11).
Away from:
Adult Services (Space 16) and Quiet Reading
and Periodicals (Space 17).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
A noisy area. Screen the photocopy machine.
Communications:Provide two telephones at the service desk
and jacks (secured) in at least four areas of
the bookstacks.
Electronics:
Wire and cable for the online public access
terminals, personal computer and printers,
and for the audiovisual equipment. (NOTE:
Confer w/staff regarding the audiovisual
equipment that will be used.)
Lighting:
General area lighting; consider task lighting
at some of the reader seating. Provide
accent lighting at the display area.
Security:
Locate the unisex children's rest room so
there is visual control from the service
desk.
Utilities:
The children's rest room will be located in
this area. Provide a changing table. See
Interior Considerations, Rest Rooms, for
additional information.
The Assignable Spaces
V.22
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
OTHER COMMENTS
The service desk must be inviting for children, bearing in
mind that adults will be working at the desk and adults, as
users, will also approach and request service.
Provide bulletin board space near the service desk and as
part of the picture/easy book area.
The bookstacks should be arranged in such a manner that
Newberry, Caldecott and Bluebonnet award winning books can
be shelved as three separate collections. The picture/easy
books section will have a separate collection of board
books.
The library will on1¥ ocoupy 2,500 - 3,000 nasf during the
first five to seven/eight years. The space for the
¢olleotions and general seating can be reduced. Confer
w/library staff and the program consultant.
The Assignable Spaces
V.23
SPACE 11 CHILDREN'S PROGRAM ROOM NASF 400
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
A multi-purpose space designed to accommodate a wide variety
of children's programming and activities from story hours,
puppet shows, film programs to arts and crafts "hands on"
sessions. Provide tackable walls for displays, pictures,
and bulletin board items.
Provide an enclosed storage space for tables, chairs,
equipment and supplies.
OCCUPANCY
Ten to 50 children and their caregivers, e.g. parents (40
seated).
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
1 Ceiling-mounted, retractable projection 60" x 60".
Tables (16"W x 32"L) folding or pull-down (stored in
the walls), children's height w/dollies (if folding).
40
Stacking chairs w/dollies, 30 children's height and 10
adult height.
Mobile, locking cabinet on casters for large screen TV
and VCR.
1 Puppet stage (library staff to provide design).
Free form carpeted risers and/or presentation platform
(see Other Comments below .
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Children's Services (Space 10).
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBN Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
Provide for added sound control.
Communications:Provide one secured telephone jack.
Electronics:
Wire and cable for personal
w/printers and cable TV drop.
computers
Lighting:
Provide dimmer controls.
Utilities:
Provide two sinks (one at children's height,
second at adult height) w/counter space,
paper towel dispensers, and cabinets to be
used for crafts sessions, provide
refreshments, etc. (NOTEs Specify for these
and all other sinks [except those in adult
public and staff rest rooms] "goose neck"
faucets.)
Other:
For ease of maintenance, provide vinyl
flooring and washable wall covering, w/one
wall to be a white wall.
There should also be an enclosed and lockable
storage room w/18"D adjustable shelves.
OTHER COMMENTS
Give special consideration to color and graphics in
consultation w/Children's Services staff.
Consider designing either as an amphitheater w/carpeted
risers for seating, or a level surface w/moveable tables,
chairs and equipment as described above. Utilize the risers
and/or presentation platform for storage beneath by means of
raising a section of the riser/platform.
The Assignabte Spaces
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 12
CHILDREN'S SERVICES WORKROOM
NASF 500
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Enclosed workroom for the staff of Children's Services.
OCCUPANCY
Three staff.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Private, enclosed office for Head ef Children's
Services. Provide desk w/posture chair, small, round
conference w/two side chairs, one 4-drawer lateral-pull
file cabinet, computer terminal w/printer and modem and
nine linear ft. of shelving for 50 items; allow 120
nasf.
2
Open office work station w/posture chair and computer
terminal w/printer; allow 130 nasf (65 nasf each).
Sink w/paper towel dispenser, storage cabinets, and
counter; allow 30 nasf.
2 4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinets; allow 30 nasf.
42
Linear ft. of 84"H, steel, double-face bookstack
shelving for 500 books and other materials; allow 50
nasf.
1
Heavy-duty work table (3' x 5') w/one posture chair,
table to house laminating machine and Ellison lettering
machine and equipment; allow 50 nasf.
Built-in storage (24" deep) for posters, art work,
etc.; allow 90 nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Children' Services (Space 10).
Close to:
Adult Services Workroom (Space 18).
Visual Control:Of Children's service desk (Space 10).
The Assignable Spaces
V.26
Building Program
;OPPELL PUBL~£ LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Communications:Provide one telephone at each office and
workstation.
Electronics:
Wire and cable at each office and workstation
for a computer terminal w/printer.
Lighting:
Task lighting at each work surface.
Utilities:
Provide a sink.
Other:
Provide visibility between this space and the
Children's service desk (Space 10).
OTHER COMMENTS
This will be "home" for the Children's Services staff,
therefore care must be taken to provide an environment that
facilitates productivity. The staff should be able to
"personalize" their individual spaces as desired (within
library policies).
The Ass~gnabte Spaces
V.27
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 13
YOUTH SERVICES
NASF 700
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
A space for young adult users (primarily 7th through 9th
grades) to study and browse a popular collection of current
books and magazines. This is a "transition" service area
designed to attract the youth of Coppell as they move from
Children's Services into other parts of the library.
Provide display-type shelving w/tilted shelves and lighted
marquee tops.
OCCUPi~NCY
Ten to 20 youth (12 seated), depending upon the level of
activity.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
72
Linear ft. of 66"H, steel, display-type shelving for a
combined collection of 500 paperback and hardback vols.
and 10 periodicals; allow 80 nasf.
2
OPAC (online public access catalog) stations, both for
stand-up use; allow 70 nasf.
2 Lounge chairs w/one side table; allow 80 nasf.
1 2-place carrel w/two reader chairs; allow 70 nasf.
4 4-place tables w/four reader chairs each; allow 400
nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Close to:
Children's Services (Space 10).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
The potential exists for this to be a noisy
area.
Electronics:
Wire and cable the 2-place carrel for
computer terminals. Wire and cable for the
OPAC terminals w/printers.
Lighting:
Marquee lighting for the bookstacks.
The Assignable Spaces
V.28
BuiLding Progrem
COPP£LL PUOLIC LXBRARY
Prepared by flBg Associates, Inc.
OTHER COMMENT8
The signage, graphics, and furnishings should
and selected to complement young adult tastes.
Provide bulletin board space.
be designed
The Assigflab[e Spaces
V.29
Building Program
COPPELL PUBL[C L[gRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 14
AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES
NASF 605
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
A flexible area designed to provide adults and young persons
with audiovisual and electronic media for use in the library
and for check-out. The equipment and software will include
videocassettes, books-on-tape, compact discs (CDs),
audiocassettes and computer software.
OCCUPANCY
Four to 12 public (seven seated), depending on the level of
activity.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Table (40"W x 72"L x 29"H) designed, wired and cabled
for audiovisual equipment w/four posture chairs; allow
120 nasf.
1-place carrels designed for personal computers
w/printers (two laser printers, one dot-matrix printer)
w/one posture chair each; allow 135 nasf.
Housing/shelving for the audiovisual and computer
software materials. Housing must be able to
accommodate videocassettes, books-on-tape, compact
discs (CDs) and computer software. There will be about
4,000 items. Consult w/library staff regarding
specific needs; allow 350 nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Youth Services (Space 13).
Close to:
Circulation Counter (Space 6).
The AssignabLe Spaces
V.30
BuiLding Program
CO~°PELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, inc.
ENV'r ROI~ENTAL / ENGTNEERTNG NEEDS
Acoustics:
Consider additional acoustical control as
this will be an active and noisy area.
Communications:Provide for two lines for online databases at
the carrels. Confer w/library staff and
program consultant regarding details.
Electronics:
Wire and cable the carrels and table to
handle the different computer, printer and
audiovisual equipment.
Lighting:
For best viewing of the computers and VCRs,
provide dimmer capability. There should be
no direct natural light onto the screens.
Security:
The equipment is vulnerable to theft; provide
for adequate security.
The Ass~gnabte Spaces
guitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
prepared by HBU Associates, Inc.
PUBLZC NORD PROCESSZNG STATTONS
SPACE 15
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
TWO small (50 nasf each) "workstations" for public use;
be "built" using office system furniture and equipment.
OCCUPANCY
One user per station (two seated).
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
NASF 100
to
2 Semi-private office system workstation w/one posture
chair each.
Quiet-operating, self-correcting typewriter.
service counter (Space
jack (secured) w/modem
1
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Visual control:From Adult Services
16).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Communications:Provide one telephone
in each space.
Electronics:
Wire and cable each station for computer
w/printer.
As some users will spend many hours a day at
a terminal, extreme caution must be taken to
avoid natural light glare.
Lighting:
Security: Secure the terminals and printers.
OTHER COMMENTS
The dividing partitions must be at a height that
provide privacy. The two stations must be together.
Some users may bring their own personal, laptop computers
for use in the space.
will
The Assignable Spaces
V.32
BuJtding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBg Associates, Inc.
SPACE 16
ADULT SERVTCES
NASF 7,100
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
The primary center for service to adults. Provide shelving
and seating for the general reference and circulating
fiction and non-fiction collections, including special
collections such as mysteries, literacy, etc.
OCCUPANCY
Two to three staff, depending upon the level of activity.
Twenty to 80 users (54 seated), depending on the level of
activity.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Service counter w/two posture stools (for interaction
w/in-person users) and one posture chair (for
interaction w/telephone users), three telephone, two
OPAC terminals w/one printer and one computer w/modem
and printer, shelving 200 "ready-reference" items, and
two 2-drawer lateral-pull file cabinets immediately
adjacent to the counter; allow 450 nasf. (NOTE: This
will also be a custom-designed counter. See the note
re the Circulation Counter for similar information.)
2
Photocopy machines w/storage, coin- and debit-card
capability for public use, w/ coin and dollar-bill ($1,
$5 and $20) change machine and a telefacsimile machine.
Locate near the service counter; allow 100 nasf.
10 OPAC (online public access catalog) terminals w/six
printers. Place five of the terminals on stand-up
access tables near the service counter. Place one
terminal on a table designed for use by a person in a
wheelchair. Place four terminals throughout the
bookstacks. Confer w/the library staff re the exact
placement; allow 350 nasf.
1 Double-tiered, double-faced, index table (54"H x 90"L x
48" W) w/shelving for 300 over-size, heavy periodical
and other reference indexes. Provide four stools;
allow 90 nasf.
678
Linear ft. of double-face, steel bookstack shelving for
4,500 reference items, alternating between 48"H
shelving w/canopy tops and 66"H wo/canopy tops; allow
450 nasf.
The Assignabte Spaces
V.33
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLZC LIBRARY
prepared by HBg Associates, lng:.
4
4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinets for pamphlet
files; allow 60 nasf.
3 10-drawer microform cabinets; allow 60 nasf.
3
Microform reader/printers w/one posture chair each;
allow 135 nasf.
10-drawer map case w/light table and one posture chair;
allow 75 nasf.
2
Atlas case w/pull-out reference shelves for oversize
vols., shelving for 15 vols. each; allow 40 nasf.
2
Oversize carrels, wired for CD-ROM database terminals
w/printers and one posture chair each; allow 180 nasf.
4
2-place carrels w/two reader chairs each; allow 280
nasf.
4
1-place carrels w/one reader chair each; allow 140
nasf.
7
4-place reader tables w/four reader chairs each: allow
700 nasf.
4
Lounge chairs w/one side table for each two chairs;
allow 160 nasf.
6252
Linear ft. of 84"H, double-face, steel bookstack
shelving for 50,000 circulating vols.; allow 3,800
nasf. (NOTE: Within each range of shelving there
should be two return shelves, painted a different color
than the rest of the shelves.)
Display area; allow 100 nasf.
SPATIi%L RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Adult Services Workroom (Space 18).
Close to:
Quiet Reading/Periodicals (Space 17).
The AssJgnabte Spaces
V.34
BuiLding Program
3PPELL PUBLIC LZBRARY
prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
Screen the photocopy machine.
Communications:Provide three telephones at the service
counter. Provide at least four telephone
jacks (secured) throughout the bookstacks.
Provide a TDY telephone unit for the hearing-
impaired at the service counter.
Electronics:
Wire and cable for the OPAC terminals
w/printers, the computer w/printer and modem
and the CD-ROM terminals w/printers.
Security: Position the bookstacks so that there are
good sight lines from the service counter
into the bookstacks.
OTHER COMMENTS
The service counter must be easily seen by persons as they
come into the area.
Arrange the bookstacks in blocks of consecutive ranges with
reader seating between them to break up the density. Limit
the length of the book stack ranges to five or six three-
foot sections (or 15 to 18 feet each) in order that users
can find books and materials without frequent interruptions
and changes of direction within the bookstacks.
Arrange the seating to provide a variety of seating choices
close to the bookstacks. Utilize the walls and window areas
for reader seating. Avoid "living room" seating
arrangements; instead, arrange the lounge seating to provide
spatial and visual privacy.
Plan the book stack aisles for 42" clear aisle and 48" cross
and end aisle clearance.
The staff and program consultant will provide specific
information about divisions of the collection into
mysteries, science fiction, westerns, biography, foreign
language, large print, etc. for the architect and interior
designer prior to completion of the design development.
The library will only occupy 4,500 - 5,000 nasf during the
first five to seven/eight years. The space for the
collections and general seating can be reduced. Confer
w/library staff and the program consultant
The AssignabLe Spaces
V.35
Buikding Program
.OPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 17
QUIET READING AND PERIODICALS
NASF 600
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
An enclosed, quiet reading area for study or
periodical/newspaper reading with carrel seating. The
current issues to be housed on 84"H hinged, periodical
display shelving w/a flat storage shelf below each hinged
shelf.
OCCUPANCY
Service to be prov~.ded by Adult Services, plus two or three
part-time page (shelver) staff.
Ten to 20 users (14 seated), depending on level of activity.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES EQUIPMENT
60
Linear ft. of 66"H, steel periodical display shelving
(hinged slopping shelf w/lip and flat shelf beneath)
for 120 current subscriptions (110 periodicals and 10
newspapers); allow 110 nasf.
4 1-place carrels w/one reader chair each; allow 490
nasf.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Adult Services (Space 16).
Away from: Children's Services (Space 10) and
Audiovisual Services (Space 14).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
This is a quiet reading area w/glass wall(s).
Lighting:
Consider task lighting.
Security:
The front of the space should be all glass so
there is always good visibility into the
space.
Other: Current periodicals and newspapers are
arranged for self-service.
The Assignabte Spaces
V.36
~ BuiLding Program
~OPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 18
ADULT SERVICES WORKROOM
NASF 830
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Enclosed workroom for the staff of Adult Services.
Space for back issues of periodicals and newspapers.
OCCUPANCY
Four to five staff.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Private, enclosed office for Head of Adult Services.
Provide desk w/posture chair, small round conference
table w/two side chairs, one 4-drawer lateral-pull file
cabinet, computer terminal w/printer and modem and nine
linear ft. of shelving for 50 items; allow 120 nasf.
4
Open-office workstation w/posture chair and computer
terminal; allow 260 nasf (65 nasf each). (NOTE: The
computers should be linked to two printers; one laser
and one dot matrix.)
Counter-top, office copier with stand and paper storage
unit; allow 50 nasf.
Heavy-duty work table (3' x 7') w/four posture chairs
and one CD-ROM station and microform reader/printer;
allow 100 nasf.
630
Linear ft. of 90"H, Steel, double-faced, compact
bookstack shelving for 5,000 vols., (3,000 back
periodical issues in Princeton file boxes and/or bound
and 10 back issue newspapers stored on flat shelves);
allow 300 nasf. (NOTE: Locate the back issue
periodical and newspaper shelving near an opening into
Adult Services [Space 16] to facilitate staff access to
the backfiles. Compact shelving requires a live load
structural capacity of 225 lbs. to 300 lbs. per square
foot.)
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Adult Services (Space 16).
Close to:
Children's Services Workroon (Space 12).
The Assignable Spaces
V.37
Building Program
CO~PELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
ENVT ROI~ENTAL / ENGTNEER TNG NEEDS
Acoustics:
Although not all of the workstations will be
in use at the same time there is potential
for high noise level; provide sufficient
acoustical panels to control the noise.
Communications:Provide one telephone at each work/station
and office. Provide one telefacsimile
machine located at/near the work table.
Electronics:
Wire and cable for computer and printers, the
CD-ROM station, the microform reader/printer
and the photocopy machine.
Lighting:
Task lighting in the office and at each work
station.
OTHER COMMENTS
This will be "home" for the Adult Services staff, therefore
care must be taken to provide an environment that
facilitates productivity. The staff should be able to
,,personalize" their individual spaces as desired (within
library policies.)
The Assignabte Spaces
V.38
Bu{tding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LLBRARY
Prepared by HBN Associates, Lnc.
SPACE ~9
FUNCTION]fL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Private and open-office work
administration and support staff.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES
areas
NASF 1,000
for the library
Provide a conference room w/small kitchenette for staff and
Library Board use, and for public use if all other meeting
spaces within the building are occupied.
OCCUPANCY
Three staff.
Eight to 12 public (10 seated).
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
Director's Office, private and enclosed; allow 180 nasf.
1 Executive desk w/char.
1 Work table (3' x 5').
1 Computer work station w/printer and modem.
1 4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinet.
2 Side chairs.
2 Lounge chairs w/one side table.
30 Linear ft. of shelving for 200 items.
Staff office, private and enclosed; allow 150 nasf.
1 Desk w/chair.
1 Computer work station w/printer and modem.
1 Small, round conference table w/two chairs.
1 4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinet.
15 Linear ft. of shelving for 100 items.
The AssignabLe Spaces
V.39
Buitding Program
JPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
Reception/Secretarial, open-office; allow 200 nasf.
2
1
File
5
1
1
Reception quality work station w/computer,
modem, electric typewriter (store-away
switchboard capability.
Side chair.
4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinet.
Literature display/distribution unit
wall-mounted).
Lounge chairs w/one side table.
Mail distribution and staff mail boxes.
Storaqe, open-office; allow 120 nasf.
4-drawer, lateral-pull file cabinets
printer and
return) and
(free-standing or
(fire proof).
Work table (3' x 5') w/posture chair.
Safe w/minimum of two cubic ft. of capacity.
open-office; allow 100 nasf.
Photocopy machine w/supply cabinet
machine will be large and heavy-duty.
Work table (3 x 5') w/posture chair.
Paper cutter.
Heavy-duty stapler.
GBC (or equivalent) binding machine.
Storage/supply cabinet.
Linear ft. of i$"D shelving.
private and enclosed;
allow 250 nasf.
Photocopy Area;
1
and collator;
1
1
1
1
24
Conference Room,
1 Conference table (board room quality) w/10 conference
chairs.
1 Wall-mounted, enclosed tack/white board.
1 Credenza.
The Assignabte gpaces
V.40
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
SPATIAL RELaTIONSHiPS
Adjacent to: Staff Room (Space 20).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Acoustics:
Photocopy area can be noisy,
screening to reduce noise level.
provide
Conununications:Provide telephones at each office and
workstation, and a telephone jack secured)
in the conference room.
Electronics:
Wire and cable for computer terminals
printers and the electric typewriter.
conference room should also be wired
cabled for computer/printer capability.
and
The
and
Lighting:
Provide task lighting in the offices and at
the work station. Provide dimmer controls in
the conference room.
Utilities:
Provide a Dywer unit and coffee pot in an
alcove adjacent to the conference room.
OTHER COMMENTS
The staff member at the reception/secretarial area must be
able to see if the director's office (as well as the
unassigned office) is occupied.
The Assignable Spaces
v.41
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HB~ Associates, Inc.
SPACE 20 STAFF ROOM NASF 500
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Provide a pleasant, restful, informal area for library staff
to enjoy a work break, refreshments and meals. Provide a
semi-enclosed kitchen area and a small, enclosed sick bay.
This space must be designed to serve as a break from the
work stations, the service counters and desks.
OCCUPANCY
Twenty-five staff and volunteers (and their guests).
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
4 Lounge seats w/one side table, lamp and ottoman for
each two seats.
3 4-place, rectangular dining tables w/four chairs each.
3 Vending machines (confer w/library staff for details).
1 Large bulletin board, wall-mounted.
1 Magazine/newspaper holder, wall-mounted.
Kitchen w/dual sinks, dishwasher, garbage disposal,
range top w/four burners and conventional self-cleaning
oven, built-in microwave unit, large frost-free
refrigerator w/ice-maker, service counter w/built-in
storage cabinets and drawers.
Enclosed, private adjacent sick bay with day bed, side
chair and sink.
25 Full-size lockers.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Administrative Services (Space 19).
The Assignabte Spaces
V.42
~ guitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
PrepAred by BB~ Associates, Inc.
ENVTRONMENT~L / ENOTNEER'rNG NEEDS
Communications:One wall-mounted telephone.
Lighting:
Indirect and task, e.g. lamps, to provide
difference from work area lighting.
Security:
Entry limited to library staff and volunteers
(and their guests).
Utilities:
As needed for kitchen, vending machine, staff
rest rooms and the sick bay.
OTHER COMMENTS
Locate the kitchen in semi-enclosed area, designed for ease
of maintenance (vinyl floor, washable wall coverings).
Provide adequate venting for heat and cooking. The space
must be designed to provide a very different environment for
a "break" from the work area w/different, furnishings and
decor.
The Assignabte Spaces
Bu)tding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by ~BW Associates, Inc.
SPACE 21 STORAGE
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
Secure storage for library supplies and equipment.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
180 Linear ft. of 84"H, 30"D, wall-mounted,
industrial, steel storage shelving.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Close to: Loading Dock (Space 22).
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Lighting:
Security:
Other:
Minimal.
Provide locking doors.
Provide access via double doors
access.
NASF 300
heavy-duty,
for ease of
The AssignabLe Spaces
V.44
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, [nc.
SPACE 22
LOADING DOCK
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION
NASF 300
The area will be primarily used to handle deliveries and
shipments to and from the library by public commercial
carriers and the postal service, deliveries from city Hall
and use by volunteers from the Friends of the Library.
OCCUPANCY
Will vary from hour-to-hour and day-to-day.
PRELIMINARY LISTING OF FURNITURE/FIXTURES/EQUIPMENT
90 Linear ft. of 84"H, wall-mounted, heavy-duty,
industrial, steel storage shelving.
2 Two-wheeled dollies.
1 Flat dolly (for transporting heavy materials).
2 Canvas-covered "mail" carts on casters.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Adjacent to: Storage (Space 21).
Entrance/Lobby (Space 1).
Away from:
ENVIRONMENTAL/ENGINEERING NEEDS
Communications:Provide a two-way intercom and buzzer from
the exterior of the loading dock to the
Circulation/Technical Services Workroom
(Space 7).
Minimal.
Lighting:
Provide a reinforced glass panel in the
exterior door onto the loading dock. Key the
door separate from other exterior doors.
Consider closed-circuit TV monitor for the
area.
Security:
Provide an electrically-operated overhead
door and a dock leveler.
Other:
The Assignabte Spaces
V.G5
Buitding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
OTHER COMMENTS
The exterior door (not the overhead door) may serve as the
staff entrance/exit door. If it does, consider a card-
operated opening device w/separate cards required for all
staff. The entry cards can be revised and re-issued
periodically for security.
The dock must not be an area from which the public can leave
the building and bypass the library security system.
Provide an exterior raised dock with weather overhang, steps
and ramp as necessary.
This space should be as unobtrusive w/regard to the design
of the building and site as possible.
Disign the space where the shelving is to be located for
compact bookstacks (may require up to 300 pounds per square
foot live load).
The Assignable Spaces
V.46
A SUMMARY OF THE ASSIGNABLE SPACES
A SUMMARY OF THE
ASSI'GNABLE SPACES
The Building Program for the new
calls for 22,385 net assignable square
27,980 gross square feet (gsf).
Coppell Public Library
feet (nasf) of space;
Section V describes each of
summary, they are:
SPACE NASF VOLS.
the 22 Assignable Spaces. In
OTHER SEAT SEAT
HATERZALS TYPE NO.~
1 Entrance/Lobby 400
2 Multi/Purpose 1,810
Meeting Room
3 Conference Rooms 390
4 Pantry 60
5 Storage 200
6 Circulation 600 500
Counter
7 Circulation/ 1,325 2,200
Technical Services
Workroom
8 Book Return Room 80
9 New Books Display 300 1,200
10 Children's 4,285 35,120
Services
11 Children's 400
Program
Room
12 Children's 500 1,550
services
Workroom
13 Youth Services 700 500
14 Audiovisual 605
Services
15 Public Word 100
Processing
Stations
Bench 8
Stack 150
Conference 8
Stack 10
Reader 2
800 AV Bench 4
25 Subs. Lounge 62
Carrel 6
Reader 243
Floor 10
Special 4
Stool 10
Stack 404
Posters, etc.
10 Subs. Lounge 2
Carrel 2
Reader 16
4,000 AV items Posture 4
Carrel 3
Posture 2
A Sun~ary of the Assignable Spaces
BuiLding Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HSW Associates, Inc.
16 Adult Services 7,100
17 Quiet Reading 600
& Periodicals
18 Adult Services 830
Workroom
19 Administrative 1,000
Services
20 Staff Lounge 500
21 Storage 300
22 Loading Dock 300
55,030
5,000
300
Pamphlets Lounge 4
Maps Carrel 12
Microforms Reader 28
Databases Posture 6
Stool 4
120 Subs. Carrel 14
Conference 10
NASF 22,385
GSF 27,980
101,4005 155 Subs. Bench 12
4,800 AV items Stack 200
Posters Stool 14
Pamphlets Special 4
Maps Floor 10
MicroformsCarrel 37
Databases Lounge 12
Reader 80
Posture 10
Conference 18
389
NOTES:
1. Seating for the public in public service or assembly spaces.
2. AduLt size chairs.
One for a person in a ~hee[chair.
4. Ten chairs should be adult size.
This is an on-the-sheLf figure. On the basis that at any one mamant + or - 20 percent of the
cottecti~ woutd be "in-the-air," e.g. checked-out, at the bindery, etc. the total coLtecti~ size
WOULd be between 118,000 to 122,000 vots. The on-the-shelf catcu[ation is based on an average of
eight vols. per Linear foot, or 10 rots. per assignabte square foot, for adult circulating
materials. This figure permits ftexibi[ity for the coLLection to ebb and flow as books are checked-
in and-out with minima[ shifting. The caLcuLation further assumes that alt of the open-stack
shetves wi[[ be approximately 75 percent futt when the buitding reaches capacity--some 15 to 20
years hence.
A Summery of the AssignabLe Spaces
COST ESTIMATE
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
PAGE Vll.2
COST ESTIMATE
The cost estimate for the new Coppell Public Library is
outlined below. The cost estimate is based on these
assumptions:
1. A single-level building of 27,980 gross square feet
(gsf) .
2. Class-A construction of quality to include: site work
and grading, steel frame and roof system, brick masonry
and glass wall exterior, interior plaster, 18" carpet
tile and vinyl, lighting/plumbing/mechanical, quality
lighting capacity, energy distribution system for
audio-visual, computer wiring and telecommunications,
added HVAC, duct work w/high R value and energy-
efficiency, and landscaping and parking.
3. Assuming award of the construction contract Spring
1992, the projected, estimated construction cost per
square foot is calculated at $82.00.1 A contingency of
five percent has been included.
4. Furnishings and equipment to include: all technical
library furnishings such as bookstacks, new and/or re-
finished tables and chairs, stack chairs for meeting
rooms, study carrels, open-office furnishings, book
trucks, dictionary stands, file cabinets, lounge
seating and miscellaneous furnishings/equipment.
Assuming award of the contracts (including re-
finishing) for furnishings and equipment Summer/Fall
1992, the estimated, projected cost is calculated at
$13.00 per net assignable square foot.2 A contingency
of five percent has also been included.
Notes:
1. According to reports in Library Journal (Oeceei~er 1990 and 1989 issues), a 20,685 sf
I~itding in Her~erso~ was co~structed for $31.39 (199~]). A 20,000 sf I~ditdi~ in Atten was
built for $93.92 psf; a 40,000 sf library in piano was co~structed for $55.45 psf (with a
considerabte amount of unfinishe(~ space).
2. The Atten f/f/e cost was $12.25 pgsf; the Ne~z~erso~l cost was ~.50.
Building Program
COPPELL PUBLIC LIBRARY
Prepared by HBW Associates, Inc.
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE
A. Cost of Construction Assuming Award Fall, 1992.
1. Construction Contract.
27,980 gross square feet @ $82.00 pgsf $2,294,360
Allow 5% Contingency X $2,294,360 114,720
Total $2,409,080
B. Cost of Furniture/Fixtures/Equipment (F/F/E).
1. 22,385 net assignable square feet
@ $13.00 pnasf $ 291,005
Allow 5% Contingency X $291,005 14,550
Total Cost of F/F/E $ 305,555
Ce
Fees.
1.
Architectural and Engineering (A/E).
Includes the architects, electrical,
and mechanical engineers, landscape
structural
planners,
interior architecture and library consultant.
Estimate @ 7.5% of A. and B.
(7.5% X $2,714,635)
2. Site Survey and Subsoil Tests.
3. Insurance, Legal and Other Fees.
Estimate @ 1% of All Above
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST
$ 203,600
$ 3,000
$ 29,210
$2~950~4451
Note:
1. Assuming that + or - 7,000 nasf (+ or - 8,750 gsf) will not be used by the library for the
first five to seven/eight years, and that space can be [eft u~finished/unfurnished; and
further assuming that most of the furniture and equipment in the existing building wilt be
used in the new facility, the estimated cost can be reduced as follows;
Cost Estimate
6ui~ding Progr~
COPPELL PtJBLJC LIBRARY
Prepared byHBW Associates, Inc.
8,7~0 nasf at $~0 psf, savings of $22 psf $192,500
7,000 nasf at $13 p~f FF&E, savings of
4,800 nasf et existing FF&E, savings of
Sub-TotaL
Less Contingency. Savings of 17,295
Sub-TotaL
Less A/E fees, Savings of
sub-Total
Less insurance, tegat, etc., Savings of
Total Potential Savings
91,000
62,400
$345,900
S363,195
$26~330
$389,525
3~895
$393,420
Possible Total Estimated Cost
$2,557,025
APPENDIX A
STANDARD EOUIPMENT AMPERAGE ESTIMATES
Equipment
AmDeraqe
Electric typewriter 1.2
Memory typewriter 2.0
Addinc machine 1.9
Calculator, small w/charger 0.07
Task lighting 0.35
100 watt light bulb 0.8
Dictating machine 0.25
Clock 0.03
Pencil sharpener 1.0
EQUIPMENT AMPERAGE~ NEWER TECHNOLOGY
Equipment
Amperaqe
Word processor
(dedicated circuit requtre~/) 3.0-5.0
Transcriber 0.2
Tone input system 0.4
MTS composer 1.5
Memory composer 2.0
Computer terminal 2.0
Modem 1.0
Printer
(dedicated circuit required) 1.5--3 · 0
Photocopier
(dedicated circuit required) 12.0-15.0!
Telefacsimile 0.5
Microfiche reader 1.0-1.75
Microfiche reader/printer 10.0
Microfilm readers (~i) 1.0+
Microfilm readers
(motor driven) 2.5
Microfilm reader/printer 15.0+
Tape recorder 0o 07
Videocassette player 1.0
Television
(dependir~ on ~o~t) 5.0+
Hote~:
This is for a smelt office copier, tar§e machir~es may require ~Jttip[e circuits.
SELECTZVE BZBLZOGRAPHY:
PLANNZNG AND FURNZSHZNG
LZBRARY BUZLOZNGS
HBW Associates, Inc. maintains a current bibliography on
planning library buildings and related subjects. The full
bibliography is used in the conduct of several annual
workshops presented by HBW. This selective bibliography
includes a selection of the principal publications used by the
consultants in planning new, expanded and renovated library
buildings.
AUTOMATION AND LIBRARY BUILDINGS/EQUIPMENT
BOSS, Richard W. Information Technologies and Space
Planning for Libraries and Information Centers, G. K.
Hall, 1987.
An excellent book that will help guide library
planners and designers to plan for tomorrow's
information technology today. The book presents
detailed space requirements for automated library
systems, compact storage, microform storage and
equipment, optical media and telefacsimilie equipment.
Matthews, Joseph R. Choosing An Automated Library System: A
Planning Guide, American Library Association, 1980.
Nelson, Nancy Melin, "Library Workstations: A Survey of
Available and Software Applications," Library
Technoloqy Reports, American Library Association,
January-February, 1988.
Microcomputer-based workstations are routinely used in
today's libraries to complete administrative tasks,
provide support for technical processing activities,
access mainframe and CD-ROM databases for interlibrary
loan and reference work, and to provide patron access to
library holdings. This issue of Library Technoloqy
Reports describes the common-used workstations (i.e.
configuration of input and output hardware, terminal
model or hand-wiring, and printer) and projects a
description of the future workstations. An excellent
overview to introduce planners to library workstations.
Selectiv ~bliogra~y: Planning a~ Furnishing Librar~i[dings
Bi%~RIER-FHEE PL~,NNING
ANSI
Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities
Accessible To and Usable by Physically Handicapped
People, American National Standards Institute, 1980.
BOCA
Basic Building Code Handicapped Access Provisions
Illustrated; A Manual... Building Officials and Code
Administrations International, 1980.
Strom, Manyalls G., editor. Library Services to the Blind
and Physically Handicapped, Scarecrow Press, 1977.
See pp.159-178 regarding architectural and barrier-
free considerations.
National Library Service for the Blind and Physically
Handicapped, Planning Barrier-Free Libraries: A Guide
for Renovation and construction of Libraries Serving
the Blind and Physically Handicapped Readers, Library
of Congress, 1981.
Vellman, Ruth A. Serving Disabled People: An Information
Handbook for All Libraries, Bowker, 1979.
FURNISHINGS AND EQUIPMENT
Becker, Franklin, Willaim Simms and Bethany Davis. "Excuse
Me. I Think That's My Desk." Facilities Design & Management,
February, 1991.
Shared-office environments are explored. The authors
contend that they can work if plans involve staff
decision-making, provide the tools for productivity,
and are based on true levels and patterns of
occupancy. Three case studies are described.
Lushington, Nolan. "Designed for Users [Library Chairs]."
Wilson Library Bulletin, October, 1981.
Chair selection for use in public areas is a major
purchase and adds greatly to user comfort. Care is
required in making that selection.
Se[ectiv btiogra~¥: PLa~ing a~ Furnishing Librar i[dings
Pierce, William S. Furnishing the Library Interior, Dekker,
1980.
One of the best books on
includes sample specifications.
furniture are included.
library furnishings;
Ail major areas of
"Special AL Report on Library
Libraries, April 1988.
Furniture," American
This special report on contemporary furniture
includes critical articles by library building
consultants, designers and architects. It concludes
with photos of a number of new furnishings lines and
installations including pre-manufactured and custom.
GENERAL LIBRARY BUILDINGv PLANNINGAND PROGI~l%MMING
Association of College and Research Libraries, College
Library Standards Committee. "Standards for College
Libraries, 1985." Colleqe and Research Libraries
News, May 1985.
Draft of the latest revision of the "standards" for
determining the sizes of college library staffs,
collections and facilities. Formula C for library
space is significantly changed.
Boll,
John J. "To Grow or Not to Grow? A Review of
Alternatives to New Academic Library Buildings,"
Library Journal Special Report #15, Bowker, 1980.
A compact review of the alternatives
growth and storage, with a
bibliography.
for collection
comprehensive
Dahlgren, Anders. Planning the Small Public Library
Building, (Small Libraries Publication No. 11)
American Library Association, 1985.
An excellent introduction to all aspects of a public
library building project.
Eagan, Ann. "Noise In the Library: Effects and Control,"
Wilson Library Bulletin, February 1991.
A brief, good overview of noise problems and some
solutions. An excellent bibliography is included.
Selecti qbLiogra~y: Planning a~ Furnishing Libra 'uildings
Ellsworth, Ralph E. Academic Library Buildings:
Architectural Issues and Solutions,
Associated University Press, 1973.
A Guide to
Colorado
An excellent text, filled with photographs, floor
plans and critiques.
Fraley, Ruth A. and Carol Lee Anderson. Library Space
Planning: How to Assess, Allocate and Reorganize
Collections, Resources and Physical Facilities,
Neal-Schuman, 1985.
The authors offer consultants' views for successful
space configurations and a systematic method for
obtaining them within existing facilities. They take
planning from the initial assessment stages to the
final reorganization steps, including sample bid
specifications and bids for services.
HBW Associates, Inc. An Architectural Dictionary for
Librarians: A Glossary of Frequently Used Terms in Design and
Construction of Buildings, HBW Associates, Inc., 1991.
A brief, illustrated booklet that covers many of the
terms you will come in contact with throughout the
building project. A quick way to learn about
"baffles," "countersink," "footings" and the "punch
list."
Holt, Raymond M. Planning Library Building and Facilities:
From Concept to Completion, Scarecrow, 1989.
A leading library building consultant for the past
two decades, the author addresses all of the basic
issues--from the space needs assessement to writing
the building program to the problems you face when
dealing with conversions and remodeling/additions.
Metcalf, Keyes D. Plannlng Academic and Research Library
Buildings, Bowker, 1966; and
Weber, David C. and Philip D. Leighton, editors. Plannlng
Academic and Research library Buildings, American
Library Association, 1986.
This original work (Metcalf) and the second edition
(Weber and Leighton) represent the most complete
works on planning academic and research libraries.
Both books are useful for any type of library
building.
SeLect 3ibtiogra~y: Pta~ing a~ Furnishing Libr BuiLdings
B.5
Oringdulph, Robert E. "Thoughts on Library Buildings and
Their Parts." Library Administration and Management,
Spring 1990.
Thompson, Godfrey. Planning and Design of Library Buildings,
third edition. Butterworth Architecture, 1989.
A British publication, loaded with useful illustrations,
tables and pictures.
Waters, Richard L. "The Library Building Tomorrow," Library
Trends, Fall, 1987.
A library consultant's view of the future library
building, and the conditions that will impact upon
its design and use.
LIBRARY INTERIORS
Cohen,
Aaron and Elaine Cohen. Automation, Space
Management, and Productivity= A Guide for Librarians,
Bowker, 1981.
Draper, James and James Brooks. Interior Design
Libraries, American Library Association, 1979.
for
Fraley, Ruth A. and Carol Lee Anderson. Library Space
Planning: How to Assess, &llocate and Reorganize
Collections, Resources and Physical Facilities,
Neal-Schttman, 1985.
Thomas,
Martha.
Savings,"
1990.
"Relocatable Walls Spell
Facilities Design & Management,
Life-Cycle
December,
Although their initial price is higher than drywall
construction, relocatable (or moveable) walls can
make up the differnce when costs are computed over a
15- to 20-year period.
Se[ecti~ ib[iogra~y: P[a~ing a~ Furnish{ng Librar ~iLdings
B.6
L I Bi~.RY LIGHT'rNG
Kaufman, John, editor and Howard Haynes, associate editor.
IES Lighting Handbook Application Volume,
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America,
1981.
Includes tabulations, illuminance categories and
values, and unit power densities for various library
functions. Briefly defines the variety of seeing
tasks and spaces in libraries and outlines the
particular considerations to be taken into account in
designing the lighting system for each.
Waters, Bradley A. and Willis C. Winters.
a Revolution: Current Trends in
Library Trends, Fall, 1987.
"On the Verge of
Library Lighting,"
A good overview, including examples of recent library
buildings. An extensive bibliography is included.
LIBRARY SECURITY, S~%FETY, CONSERVATION,
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Brawner, Lee B. and Norman Nelson. "Improving Security and
Safety for Libraries," Public Library Ouarterlv,
Spring, 1984.
Gandert, Slade R. Projecting Your Collection: A Handbook,
Survey and Guide for the Security of Rare Books,
Manuscripts, Archives and Works of Art, Library &
Archival Security Series, 1982.
Healy, Richard J. Design for Security, 2nd ed. John Wiley &
Sons, 1983.
Library & Archival Security. (Quarterly), The Haworth
Press.
Morris, John. The Library Disaster Preparedness Handbook,
American Library Association, 1986.
The author, a loss control consultant, reviews
preventive measures and disaster recovery plans for
all types and sizes of libraries. Included are
chapters on designing library building for safety,
security,preservation and insurance/risk insurance.
Select Bibliogra~y: P[a~ing a~ Furnishing Libr Sui[dings
SZGNAGE/GI~PHICS
Mallery, Mary S. and Ralph E. DeVore. A Sign System for
Libraries. American Library Association, 1982.
This book describes signage in the Western Maryland
Public Libraries.
Pollet, Dorothy and Peter C. Haskell. Sign Systems for
Libraries; Solving the Wayfinding Problem, Bowker, 1979.
One of the best books on signage,
graphics and related.
wayfinding,
White, Ken.
1982.
Bookstore Planning and Design. McGraw-Hill,
Effective merchandising, display techniques that can
be adapted to libraries.
SITE SELECTION FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES
Lynch, Kevin. Site Planning, 2d ed. MIT Press, 1971.
Not a "library site" work, but a through general,
professional, treatise on building placement,
technicalities and issues as an introduction to the
topic.
Robinson, William C. "The utility of Retail Site Selection
for the Public Library." Occasional Papers No. 122.
University of Illinois Graduate School of Library
Science, March 1976.
Rohlf, Robert H. and David R. Smith, "Public Library Site
Selection," Public Libraries, Summer, 1985.
"site Selection," Library Buildings: Innovation for
Changing Needs, Annerican Library Association, 1972.
Waters, Richard L. "Special Report: siting the Public
Library," Wilson Library Bulletin, December 1975.
Select[~ ~'b[iogra~y: Pla~ing a~ Furnishing Librar~ lildings
8.8
Wheeler, Joseph L. "The Effective Location of Public Library
Buildings," Occasional Papers No. 85. University of
Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1967;
and
"A Reconsideration of the Strategic Location of
Public Library Buildings," Occasional Papers no. 85.
University of Illinois Graduate School of Library
Science, 1967.
The
above two works by Wheeler represent
works on locating public library buildings.
dated, they are still frequently cited.
the major
Although
APPENDIX C
DAYLIGHTING
Daylighted
Library a
Best Seller in
Monitoring Gives Design
a Good l~ghf~ng
~,,port card
.S~rah Shankman
Dayl~ght~ng
C.2
Louvers or baffles al ccihng level diffuse light and eliminale glare
The Mt A~ry Public LibraD, Mt AiD; NC, was com-
pleted in 1982. almost a decade after the begin-
ning of the ener~' crisis which marked for the
library's solar architectural consultant, Edward
Mazria, the beginning of the post-indusmal age.
"For the hrst time a, a pcop]c ,,e reah-cd that .resources
on this plane~ are limitcdJ' szy~ Nia:ia~ o[ Mazna/Schiff
A~socia~e-~. Albuq,,~crque. v, ho zc:~;ntcd x, uh Ga? Mnrgan and
NC to design ti~c p~ojcct
solar design
In seeking funds for the project. \Vebb discovered a US
Department of Ener~ program which turned out to be ideal.
In 1979, the DOE x~2s investigating commercial applica-
tions of residential soiar design pnnciptes Public Ol pnvate
commercial budding projects integrating solar pnncipie_< in
design would be selected and given funds in three stage?
For Phase 1 thc DOE stipulated tha~each applicant
one sela~ cxpe~ on d~c design team In addition ti~e pro
posed budding <hoclJ be a~zilable t,:~r d~e publi~ ? ',
DaytightJng
of conventional commercial buildings the same sLze as the
future library, they discovered that the largest energy cost
v0as not cooling or heating, as is often the case with residen-
tial structures, but tighting~
It was decided that daylighting should dominate the direc-
tion of the library's solar design. ,~ccording to their calcula-
tions, lighting in a nonsofa~ energy-emcient library would
cost approximately $5,182 a yea~; compared to the $1,046
annually it would cost to operate a claylighted library. Since
the proposed library would close at 8 pm, the costs for elec-
t.ftc lights were expected to be negligible.
In keeping with the site and the surrounding structures
in mi~town Mount Airy, the library is low-lying and spread
into several wings. This made the entire building easier to
light naturally. No part of the su'ucture is untouched by some
daylight The total glazed area is 12 percent of the total floor
area. Most of the daylight enters through south-facing glass
that also allows passive solar heating during winter months.
A series of sawtooth derestories on the roof btings daylight
to parts of the interior distant from the south wall. At ceil-
ing level in each derestory roof opening is a group of louvers
or baffles that diffuses the light and eliminates glare. The
clerestories are designed and grouped in such a way that
most direct summer sunlight is kept out, and the reflective
surface on back of each monitor bounces light through the
aperture of the one behind it. Along the south face of the
library, light shelves above the recessed view windows reflect
sunlight deep into the interior with the help of the light-
colored ceiling.
In an evaluation of the building, Thomas Fishe~; Progrexs/~
Architecture, April, 1983, noted that the east-west zone "has
a butterfly roof with glazed ends and a central light trough
that illuminate the open sucks. Those stacks have a fluors-
cent light grid attached to the upper shelves, which looks
cumbersome and which produces an annoying glare when
viewed from the upper level.
"The library offices have their own wing along the nmxh
side of the building, enclosing a court)~rd used for children's
story hours. With large~ south-facing windows and north-
facing transom lights, the office wing receives ample daylight
Less fortunate in that regard are the children's reading area
and local history room--their lack of skylights and paucity
of windows required artificial illumination most of the time_
The architects could not justify the expense of skylights or
additional ,~4ndows in those little used areas even though,
Daylighting
C.4
in an earlier plan, the children's reading and stack areas were
reversed, with adequate natural light for both. Relocating
functions xtithout mox4ng the skylights above shows the
close relationship of form and function in passive design,
where, unlike artificially controlled environments, a change
in one almost always requires a change in the otheff Never-
theless, the building;s performance is impressive
Its enerD, use has been carefully monitored since August
1982. This past year Architec-
tural Energy Corporation,
Westminster, CO, finished its
final Mt. Air)' performance
report. The results are good,
but they also show how
delicate predicting energy use
can be
As reported in Solar Age,
Performance report
demonstrates how delicate
prediction of energy use
can be
damaging ultraviolet light. The ample thermal mass also
prevents overheating in the swing seasons. The summer in-
door temperature held constant during monitoring at 76
But heating costs did not get such a good report card from
Architectural EnergT Corporation. Heating costs were four
times higher than predicted. One explanation may be that
the building is not being used as plarmed.
It has proved to be so popular with Mt. Air3as citizens that
three times more people than
expected use the bulding, cut-
ting into the time the building
is on night setback and adding
to infiltration. Thermostat set-
tings for night and da)' were
raised because of user com-
plaints of discomfort.
Mazria says, "It doesn't use
Ma); 1985, the library "uses
about one-sixth as much energy per square foot as a nearby
municipal building, lts total use has averaged 23,149
Btu/ft~/yr Compare that with a typical small office
building's 105,000 Btu/ft-'/yr in a cold climate, and 65,000
in a warm climate, and you can see how fragal the Mt. Airy
design is.
"lhe daylighting design is a great success economically
and visuall)t A t),pical commercial building uses about
20,000 Btu/h2 annually for lighting Mt. Air)' used only
2,691, a reduction of over 86 percent. Even better, the lighting
use has been 56 percent less than predicted
"Ihis success paul), stems from manual lighting controls
that are off in the normal default condition Ihe lights are
on only when needed On clear days, they aren't needed until
evening. This control was possible because workers arrive
after 8:30 in the morning, with library users arriving still
later
"The roof monitors block unwanted direct gain through
the 1350 W of south facing glass in the summer That nor
only prevents overheating but also protects books {rom
more energy for space heating
than predicted because we didn't do a prediction based on
construction documents?' He says AEC compared monitored
results with design development predictions. And the
building's design changed several times. 'q-he), used numbers
for one building and tried to correlate it with another
building. Any kind of comparison between estimated and
actual is ridiculous?` Mazria also s~spects that trying to
estimate heating equipment efficiency can be misleading
And who could have predicted that a pile of packing
materials blocking the beating ducts to the offices wouldn't
be found until February of 19857
Fortunately for Mt Air),, the bigger heating bill is offset
by lower lighting costs. The annual enerD, bill was 35 per-
cent higher than predicted in design development and 2 per-
cent above the schematic design estimate_
The bottom line is that the daylighted Mt. Airy Public
Library is a Iow-energT-use building that's extremely attrac-
tive, aesthetically pleasing, and that the people of Mt. Air),
have declared, by their enthusiastic utiliz.ation of it, a
r~naway best seller
Daytighting
C.5
directional baffle sunligh[in§ directional daylighting
sunlighting design aper[ure da)'lighdng aperture
WINTER SUMMER
SUNLIGHTING DAYLIGH~ING
DAYLIGHTING
SUMM[R
WINT[R
SUNLIGHTING
Min(~[ Est[mt~ Levers of It[~inati
D.2
1. The estimates are provided by the I. ilu~inating Engineering Society's ItS L 9bring
Handbook.
2. A[tign the righting vertica[ to the bookstacks, et feast o~e foot the bookstacks in
3. Footcandles are a mere coementy referenced measure of righting revels, but they.
illeasure ooiy the ambient tighti~lg revers o~ a surface and do not take into
factors that affect the ability to see (task visibitlty).
Approximately a~6" to 6~ on centers.
Carrels w/shelves cause shadows a~d r~ire t~k tightly. ~ ~r-the-she[f
tight my ~ ~, ~ this r~ir~ i~ivi~t ~tets. ~i~r s~t~ta[
ti~ti~, ~ as ~j~t~te tr~k mits, ~t~ ~ the wait ~{~ ~e ~r~ts.
~is ~ of s~t~tat ti~ti~, as ~ to fr~t-~t~ fixtu~, will
~e the viii~ eff~t or ref[~ti~ that ~ lettemto ~ite ~ a~ ~
rateable. Ati~ ~e li~ti~.
6. E~i~t~t S~ereof l[t~i~tion-
Consider use of a dimmer controt syste~.
Crease a differeot lighting e~viror~e~t in contrast to spaces within the library
building in order to provide more of a "breaks from the work enviroc~ent.
APPENDIX D
MINIMAL ESTIMATED LEVELS
OF ILLUMINATION
Build_~Area
Audiovisual preparation
and viewing
Bookstacks (open)~
Bookstacks (closed)4
Carrels and individual
study areas5
Computer room
Conference and meeting
rooms
Corridors
Microform cabinets
Microform readers7
office (reading, typing
and writing)
Reader seating
Rest rooms
Staff lounges
Storage areas
Word processing work
spaces
Measure of Illumination~
70 ESI
30 footcandles3
5 footcandles
70 ESI6
150 ESI
30 ESI
5 - 20 ESI
70 ESI
30 ESI
70 - 150 ESI
3O - 70 ESI
30 ESI
10 - 30 ESI
5 10 ESI
150 ESI